US3795484A - Automated direct method for the determination of inorganic phosphate in serum - Google Patents
Automated direct method for the determination of inorganic phosphate in serum Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3795484A US3795484A US00211075A US3795484DA US3795484A US 3795484 A US3795484 A US 3795484A US 00211075 A US00211075 A US 00211075A US 3795484D A US3795484D A US 3795484DA US 3795484 A US3795484 A US 3795484A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- absorbance
- phosphate
- inorganic phosphate
- concentration
- sample
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 229910052816 inorganic phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 24
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 210000001124 body fluid Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010839 body fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000011069 sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- ZORQXIQZAOLNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluorocyclohexane Chemical group FC1(F)CCCCC1 ZORQXIQZAOLNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940035049 sorbitan monooleate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001593 sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 abstract description 31
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 abstract description 21
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 15
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 abstract description 7
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000002798 spectrophotometry method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdate Chemical compound [O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011964 heteropoly acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010482 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920000053 polysorbate 80 Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000012088 reference solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1,10,13-trimethyl-3-oxo-4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl) heptanoate Chemical compound C1CC2CC(=O)C=C(C)C2(C)C2C1C1CCC(OC(=O)CCCCCC)C1(C)CC2 TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000037157 Azotemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000004506 Blood Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010017384 Blood Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910021626 Tin(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012042 active reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012472 biological sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000020832 chronic kidney disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004452 microanalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002773 nucleotide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003729 nucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HKOOXMFOFWEVGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylhydrazine Chemical compound NNC1=CC=CC=C1 HKOOXMFOFWEVGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940067157 phenylhydrazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003904 phospholipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011150 stannous chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001119 stannous chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940013123 stannous chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000009852 uremia Diseases 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/84—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving inorganic compounds or pH
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10T436/11—Automated chemical analysis
- Y10T436/112499—Automated chemical analysis with sample on test slide
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10T436/16—Phosphorus containing
- Y10T436/166666—Phosphorus containing of inorganic phosphorus compound in body fluid
Definitions
- the process requires only a single reagent addition and comprises reacting the phosphate-containing fluid with an ammonium molybdate solution and thereafter measuring the absorbance within a specified time interval before the reaction has measurably proceeded and at the end of the reaction by means of a centrifugal analytical photometer.
- concentration is an unknown sample can be conveniently calculated by comparison with the results obtained from the simultaneous measurement of a sample of known concentra tion.
- inorganic phosphate in body fluids such as blood serum
- body fluids such as blood serum
- the determination of phosphate in serum is important in several diseases in particular uremia and chronic renal diseases were phosphate retention occurs.
- inorganic phosphate Only the so-called inorganic phosphate is estimated since the significance of changes in phospholipids, phosphate esters and nucleotide phosphate is not easily related to clinical problems.
- the photometric determination of inorganic phosphate in biological samples is conventionally performed by the use of the molybdenum blue reaction (LM. Kolthoff and PD. Elving, Eds, Part II, Vol. 5 pages 317-402, 1961).
- inorganic phosphate can be determined conveniently and accurately by a method which utilizes a centrifugal automatic analyzer.
- Analytical photometers which utilize a centrifugal field have recently become available for the rapid microanalysis of awide variety of liquidssuch as body fluids,
- each reagent and serum sample having its respective cuvet.
- centrifugal force moves the reagents and sample to the outermost cavity where they are transferred through a small channel to the cuvet.
- the reagent and sample mix.
- the filled cuvets rapidly spin past the fixed light beam and the transmission of light is measured.
- a further object is to provide a process for the determination of inorganic phosphate which is accurate and requires only a single reagent addition.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a process for the determination of inorganic phosphate in which the background absorbances of sample and reagent are automatically eliminated.
- a further object is to provide a process which utilizes a centrifugal analytical photometer.
- the process of this invention provides an accurate and rapid method for the quantitative determination of inorganic phosphate in body fluids. in view of the fact that a linear relationship exists between the change of absorbance and the phosphate concentration, up to at least milligram per 100 milliliters phosphate can be measured. Results of precision studies and correlation with a known method indicated that this method was of equal accuracy.
- the process simplifies the diagnostic reagent by measuring the color formed in the first reaction alone.
- the absorption of the unreduced phosphomolybdate complex occurs in the ultraviolet and can be quantitatively measured at 340nm.
- protein does not have to be removed from the sample and is kept in solution.
- the process comprises the determination of inorganic phosphate by measurement of changes in absorbance due to the interaction of inorganic phosphate and ammonium molybdate.
- a centrifugal rotary photometer supplied by Union Carbide Corporation under the trademark CentrifiChem was utilized.
- a Teflon disk containing samples and reagents is inserted into a rotor with 30 radially arranged cuvets.
- the reagent rises from every individual reagent well up to individual sample cavities, and the sample reagent mixture is transferred into the single cuvets within 1.5 seconds.
- One cuvet containing water is used as a reference when the cuvets spin past the stationary light beam of a spectrophotometer which measures the absorbance and displays it on an oscilloscope. Two sets of digitized absorbance readings of each cuvet can be stored simultaneously and the difference between them processed in a computer.
- the reading is taken of the first absorbance after start and I the time interval after which the second measurement occurs also noted.
- a number of readings can be taken after the initial one.
- the absorbance change per interval is expressed in AA/min.
- the absorbance differences between initial and every individual subsequent set of readings is measured. This approach allows compensation for cuvet to cuvet variations and for serum and reagent blanks if readings are taken before the reaction has started to a measurable degree.
- a blank reading recorded in a preceding run can be used as initial reading in a subsequent run. After a selected time interval has elapsed, the readings are printed out.
- the last set of data stored in the memory can be multiplied by means of the computer which permits direct print-out in concentration units.
- the rotor is thermostated within 101C. in an air bath.
- a particular advantage of the process of this invention is that removal of protein which normally would interfere with the reaction is avoided. It was observed that serum protein could be kept in solution and turbidity minimized by the addition of a small amount of a surface active agent.
- a surface active agent such as the sorbitan monooleates, sold by Atlas Powder Company under the trademark tween". Tween80 is particularly effective in eliminating protein interference.
- the amount of surface active agent employed need only be such as will prevent precipitation and turbidity. In practice it has been found that if the molybdate solution contains from about 0.1 to about 1.0 per cent of the surface active agent that protein interference is suppressed.
- the single active reagent employed in the process of this invention is an ammonium molybdate solution.
- the solution is prepared by dissolving 2.0 grams of ammonium molybdate (NI-I Mo O '4H O) in one liter of 1.2N H 80
- the solution is stable indefinitely.
- the surface active agent can be added to the molybdate solution. For example, 0.9 milliliters of a solution containing l part of the surface active agent to two parts of water can be added to each 100 milliliter of the molybdate solution.
- a standard phosphorous reference solution can be prepared by dissolving 439 milligrams of KH PQ, in 100 milliliters of water. A few drops of chloroform can be added as a preservative. 5.0 milliliters of this stock solution is then diluted to 100 milliliters with water.
- the optical system of the analyzer permits the measurement of absorbance in a linear dynamic range from 0 to 2.5 at 340 nm. Since the reaction is linear to above 10 milligram per 100 milliliter phosphate, and the unreduced form of the phosphomolybdate complex can be employed, the inorganic phosphate can be determined rapidly and accurately; By measuring the difference in the two absorbance readings and comparing it with a solution containing a known quantity of phosphorous, the concentration can easily be determined. Comparison of the method of this invention with conventional literature methods confirmed its accuracy.
- the following example is illustrative:
- EXAMPLE I The majority of the sample cavities of a Teflon disk sample holder of a CentrifiChem Automatic Analyzer were loaded with 10 microliters of human blood sera.
- the referenceposition contained 400 microliters of distilled water in the innermost cavity.
- the remaining cavities were loaded with 10 microliter aliquots of various phosphorous standards ranging from 2 to 10 milligrams per hundred milliliters.
- An ammonium molybdate solution was prepared containing 2 grams of (NI-I MO O -4H O and 3 milliliters of a non-ionic surface active agent, sold by Atlas Powder Company under the trademark tween-80. In one liter of 1.2N H SO -400 microliters of this solution was then placed in the innermost reagentcavity of the sample holder.
- the initial reading of all 30 cuvettes was taken two seconds after starting the rotor spin. The second reading was taken after ten minutes. The absorbance change was used to determine phosphorus concentrations based upon the standards. The test was run with a 340nm interference filter.
- the absorbance of a solution is proportional to the concentration of the solutions chromophore as long as the concentration is low. Accordingly, the concentration of phosphomolybdate formed in the reaction is at any time proportional to the absorbance it generates.
- the analyzer employed this is achieved by setting the appropriate factor on a digital switch which automatically multiplies the absorbance whereupon concentration units will be printed out directly.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By The Use Of Chemical Reactions (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US21107571A | 1971-12-22 | 1971-12-22 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3795484A true US3795484A (en) | 1974-03-05 |
Family
ID=22785506
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00211075A Expired - Lifetime US3795484A (en) | 1971-12-22 | 1971-12-22 | Automated direct method for the determination of inorganic phosphate in serum |
Country Status (12)
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3874853A (en) * | 1972-11-16 | 1975-04-01 | Damon Corp | Process for determining the concentration of inorganic phosphates in human fluids |
| US4009004A (en) * | 1976-05-17 | 1977-02-22 | Hutchinson Jr Marvin E | Reagent and method for determination of phosphorous |
| US4220451A (en) * | 1979-01-23 | 1980-09-02 | Union Carbide Corporation | Process for the determination of serum inorganic phosphate |
| US4447544A (en) * | 1982-07-22 | 1984-05-08 | Instrumentation Laboratory Inc. | Method and reagent for determining inorganic phosphate in biological sample |
| US4599316A (en) * | 1983-12-02 | 1986-07-08 | Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. | Photometric method for the determination of inorganic phosphate in liquid samples |
| US4731331A (en) * | 1984-04-09 | 1988-03-15 | Beckman Instruments, Inc. | Rate method for the determination of inorganic phosphorus |
| US4826773A (en) * | 1988-07-18 | 1989-05-02 | Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. | Method and reagent for the quantitative determination of phosphorous in serum and urine |
| US5922609A (en) * | 1996-11-06 | 1999-07-13 | Anton Paar Gmbh | Method for infrared-optical determination of the concentration of at least one chemical analyte in a liquid sample |
| US6268162B1 (en) | 1986-08-13 | 2001-07-31 | Lifescan, Inc. | Reflectance measurement of analyte concentration with automatic initiation of timing |
| US6458326B1 (en) | 1999-11-24 | 2002-10-01 | Home Diagnostics, Inc. | Protective test strip platform |
| US6525330B2 (en) | 2001-02-28 | 2003-02-25 | Home Diagnostics, Inc. | Method of strip insertion detection |
| US6541266B2 (en) | 2001-02-28 | 2003-04-01 | Home Diagnostics, Inc. | Method for determining concentration of an analyte in a test strip |
| US6562625B2 (en) | 2001-02-28 | 2003-05-13 | Home Diagnostics, Inc. | Distinguishing test types through spectral analysis |
| CN113424042A (zh) * | 2019-02-14 | 2021-09-21 | 斯玛特迪利弗利有限责任公司 | 测定纳米级系统(nss)的理化性质的方法 |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4278440A (en) * | 1980-02-04 | 1981-07-14 | Union Carbide Corporation | Reagent and method for direct determination of chloride in serum |
| JPH10160669A (ja) * | 1996-10-02 | 1998-06-19 | Satake Eng Co Ltd | 食品の灰分測定方法及び装置 |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3547586A (en) * | 1967-06-05 | 1970-12-15 | Jerry W Denney | Inorganic phosphate assay,and reagents therefor |
-
0
- BE BE793152D patent/BE793152A/xx unknown
-
1971
- 1971-12-22 US US00211075A patent/US3795484A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1972
- 1972-12-04 CA CA157,939A patent/CA983359A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-12-21 GB GB5907472A patent/GB1371459A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-12-21 BR BR009011/72A patent/BR7209011D0/pt unknown
- 1972-12-21 IL IL41143A patent/IL41143A/xx unknown
- 1972-12-21 CH CH1863072A patent/CH545973A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-12-21 DE DE19722262781 patent/DE2262781B2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1972-12-21 SE SE7216815A patent/SE380629B/xx unknown
- 1972-12-21 FR FR7245712A patent/FR2165651A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1972-12-21 NL NL7217457A patent/NL7217457A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1972-12-21 JP JP47127748A patent/JPS4942395A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3547586A (en) * | 1967-06-05 | 1970-12-15 | Jerry W Denney | Inorganic phosphate assay,and reagents therefor |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| Coleman et al., Chem. Abs., Vol. 75, No. 6, p. 291 (July 26, 1971). * |
Cited By (25)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3874853A (en) * | 1972-11-16 | 1975-04-01 | Damon Corp | Process for determining the concentration of inorganic phosphates in human fluids |
| US4009004A (en) * | 1976-05-17 | 1977-02-22 | Hutchinson Jr Marvin E | Reagent and method for determination of phosphorous |
| US4220451A (en) * | 1979-01-23 | 1980-09-02 | Union Carbide Corporation | Process for the determination of serum inorganic phosphate |
| US4447544A (en) * | 1982-07-22 | 1984-05-08 | Instrumentation Laboratory Inc. | Method and reagent for determining inorganic phosphate in biological sample |
| US4599316A (en) * | 1983-12-02 | 1986-07-08 | Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. | Photometric method for the determination of inorganic phosphate in liquid samples |
| US4731331A (en) * | 1984-04-09 | 1988-03-15 | Beckman Instruments, Inc. | Rate method for the determination of inorganic phosphorus |
| US20030073152A1 (en) * | 1986-08-13 | 2003-04-17 | Roger Phillips | Minimum procedure system for the determination of analytes |
| US6887426B2 (en) | 1986-08-13 | 2005-05-03 | Roger Phillips | Reagents test strip adapted for receiving an unmeasured sample while in use in an apparatus |
| US6268162B1 (en) | 1986-08-13 | 2001-07-31 | Lifescan, Inc. | Reflectance measurement of analyte concentration with automatic initiation of timing |
| US6881550B2 (en) | 1986-08-13 | 2005-04-19 | Roger Phillips | Method for the determination of glucose employing an apparatus emplaced matrix |
| US6858401B2 (en) | 1986-08-13 | 2005-02-22 | Lifescan, Inc. | Minimum procedure system for the determination of analytes |
| US20030054427A1 (en) * | 1986-08-13 | 2003-03-20 | Roger Phillips | Minimum procedure system for the determination of analytes |
| US6821483B2 (en) | 1986-08-13 | 2004-11-23 | Lifescan, Inc. | Reagents test strip with alignment notch |
| US20030073153A1 (en) * | 1986-08-13 | 2003-04-17 | Roger Phillips | Minimum procedure system for the determination of analytes |
| US20030073151A1 (en) * | 1986-08-13 | 2003-04-17 | Roger Phillips | Minimum procedure system |
| US4826773A (en) * | 1988-07-18 | 1989-05-02 | Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. | Method and reagent for the quantitative determination of phosphorous in serum and urine |
| US5922609A (en) * | 1996-11-06 | 1999-07-13 | Anton Paar Gmbh | Method for infrared-optical determination of the concentration of at least one chemical analyte in a liquid sample |
| US6458326B1 (en) | 1999-11-24 | 2002-10-01 | Home Diagnostics, Inc. | Protective test strip platform |
| US6979571B2 (en) | 1999-11-24 | 2005-12-27 | Home Diagnostics, Inc. | Method of using a protective test strip platform for optical meter apparatus |
| US6562625B2 (en) | 2001-02-28 | 2003-05-13 | Home Diagnostics, Inc. | Distinguishing test types through spectral analysis |
| US20030138356A1 (en) * | 2001-02-28 | 2003-07-24 | Home Diagnostics, Inc. | Distinguishing test types through spectral analysis |
| US6541266B2 (en) | 2001-02-28 | 2003-04-01 | Home Diagnostics, Inc. | Method for determining concentration of an analyte in a test strip |
| US6525330B2 (en) | 2001-02-28 | 2003-02-25 | Home Diagnostics, Inc. | Method of strip insertion detection |
| US7390665B2 (en) | 2001-02-28 | 2008-06-24 | Gilmour Steven B | Distinguishing test types through spectral analysis |
| CN113424042A (zh) * | 2019-02-14 | 2021-09-21 | 斯玛特迪利弗利有限责任公司 | 测定纳米级系统(nss)的理化性质的方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2165651A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1973-08-03 |
| CA983359A (en) | 1976-02-10 |
| BE793152A (fr) | 1973-06-21 |
| SE380629B (sv) | 1975-11-10 |
| DE2262781B2 (de) | 1977-09-08 |
| BR7209011D0 (pt) | 1973-08-30 |
| GB1371459A (en) | 1974-10-23 |
| JPS4942395A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1974-04-20 |
| DE2262781A1 (de) | 1973-07-05 |
| IL41143A0 (en) | 1973-02-28 |
| NL7217457A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1973-06-26 |
| CH545973A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1974-02-15 |
| IL41143A (en) | 1975-05-22 |
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