US3794882A - Fluorescent lighting apparatus - Google Patents

Fluorescent lighting apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3794882A
US3794882A US00270206A US3794882DA US3794882A US 3794882 A US3794882 A US 3794882A US 00270206 A US00270206 A US 00270206A US 3794882D A US3794882D A US 3794882DA US 3794882 A US3794882 A US 3794882A
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plate
fluorescent
signature
concealed
filaments
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US00270206A
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T Kitanosono
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Individual
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Individual
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/20—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass
    • G07C9/22—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder
    • G07C9/24—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder by means of a handwritten signature
    • G07C9/243—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder by means of a handwritten signature visually, e.g. by comparing in a viewer the written signature with a reference on the pass

Definitions

  • the mventlon relates to an apparatus for ldenuficatlon 30 Foreign Application priority Data of a concealed sign, such as a signature, on a card or June 12 1967 la an 4260067 the like and comprises a fluorescent member, a light p source for stimulating the fluorescent member, a re- ⁇ 52] U S Cl 315/100 250/461 taining member for holding the card carrying the con- [511 6 39/04 cealed sign during the identification process and an [58] Fie'ld 71 5 infrared ray source.
  • the apparatus of this invention 5 5 may further include an optical system for directly comparing the visualize image of the concealed sign [56] References Cited with a second sign and an instantly lighting circuit for the light source.
  • a concealed signatureor stamp of the depositor is placed on an identification card or withdrawal slip and same is given to the depositor.
  • the depositor wishes to withdraw money from the bank, he is requested to write his signaturevor to stamp his own stamp, and the written signature or stamp is compared with the concealed signature or withdrawal to confirm his identity.
  • the signatures will not agree and the withdrawl of the deposit can be rejected.
  • the original signature is deformed so that it can not be directly read.
  • complicated optical systems and mechanisms are required for deforming the original, and, thereafter, a second system is necessary for reading the deformed signature.
  • fiber randon prisms it is known to use fiber randon prisms to prepare a deformed image by modulating the arrangement ofthe image points of the normal image of the signature.
  • the thus concealed image is decoded by using a decoder having the same image modulating function.
  • two devices are necessary, i.e., one for deforming the .signature and the other for decoding the deformed image, and, therefore, the cost becomes high.
  • our invention comprises an apparatus for concealing a signature or the like wherein the signa ture is inked on a card which permits the passage therethrough of infrared rays.
  • the ink which is used is of the type which blocks penetration of infrared rays.
  • the surface of the paper having the signature is covered with an ink which visible light cannot penetrate, but infrared rays can.
  • the surface may be covered with a thin film having a similar properties with respect to ray transmission. In such-manner, the signature of the stamp may be readily concealed.
  • the detection and identification of the signature thus concealed is carried out by projecting an infrared ray pattern of the concealed image on a fluorescent plate, the whole surface of which fluoresces, thereby quenching only the infrared pattern portions on the fluorescent plate to form a visible image of the concealed signature.
  • the visible image may then be compared with the signature of the party making the withdrawal by placing them adjacent each other or overlying one another.
  • fluorescing of the fluorescent plate in our device is effected by stimulating the fluorescent plate with an ultraviolet ray source having an instant lighting circuit. In such manner, the identifying operation can be instantly carried out.
  • One type of conventional ultraviolet light employs a fluorescent discharge tube having a filament circuit connected to a glow tube.
  • the glow tube and the fluorescent tube become Old, the lighting operation requires a considerable time.
  • the filament of the fluorescent tube is preheated, or the fluorescent tube of the rapid start type is used, or a stabilizer for rapid starting is employed along with the generally employed fluorescent tube to carry out quick lighting.
  • the conventional systems suffer from the disadvantage of a filament which is easily broken by the change of the lighting voltage and, therefore, the cost materially increases.
  • the fluorescent tube of the instant invention is free from the above-mentioned drawbacks and provides instant lighting without causinga half lighted state as in conventional systems. This is'accomplished by providing non-linear elements such as varistors, connected in parallel with the filament circuit.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide an identifying apparatus that does not require any special device for concealing a sign or pattern.
  • FIG. 1 is an aslant view of a card on which a sign or pattern is concealed
  • FIG. 2A is a diagram showing the concealing of a sign or pattern on a paper by coating the paper shown in FIG. 1 with an ink which prohibits the passage of light rays but passes infrared rays;
  • FIG. 2B is a diagram showing the concealing of a sign on the paper shown in FIG. 1 by sealing the same with a thin film;
  • FIG. 3 is an aslant view showing the arrangement of the elements of the device when identification is carried out
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing one embodiment of the inveniton
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a second embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 6 is an aslant view of a complete apparatus according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken across line lI of FIG. 6;
  • FIG. 8 is a vertical cross-sectional view taken across line Il-II of FIG. 6;
  • FIG. 9 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a plate for attaching a fluorescent plate according to the invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a vertical cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the plate for attaching the fluorescent plate
  • FIG. 1 l is a partial cross-sectional view of the inven tion showing the manner of fitting the fluorescent plate to the apparatus of the invention
  • FIG. 12 is an enlarged partial vertical cross-sectional view of the switch pin portion of this invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a view similar to FIG. 12 showing the switch pin in its second position
  • FIG. 14 is a partial view of the printed base plate for the switch shown in FIGS. 12 and 13;
  • FIG. 15 is a circuit diagram of the apparatus of this invention.
  • FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the optical system of the device of this invention.
  • FIG. 17 is a partial view of this invention showing the base plate wherein the card bearing the pattern to be identified is placed; 1
  • FIG. 18 shows a lighting circuit diagram of a conventional fluorescent tube
  • FIG. 19 shows a lighting diagram of a conventional fluorescent tube
  • FIG. 20 shows a lighting circuit diagram of a conventional fluorescent tube
  • FIG. 21 is a circuit diagram of the fluorescent tube to be applied to the identifying device of this invention.
  • FIG. 22 is a graphical representation of the circuit of FIG. 21.
  • an original image 2 of a signature or stamp is-written with an ink which blocks passage of infrared rays on a surface of a recording member 1.
  • writing paper has low permeability for visible rays or ultraviolet rays, but high permeability for infrared rays.
  • an ink which is mainly composed of carbon black has a stron effect on the passage of infrared light therethrough; as well as visible light.
  • the original signature is placed on the recording member 1,
  • the surface of the original image 2 may be sealed with a thin film 3 having the same properties as the abovementioned ink, and in such manner, the original signature is concealed.
  • any ink may be used which has oil black as the main component. In cases where visible light can pass through the card or paper 1 and the sign or pattern of the original image can be observed on the back side of the paper, the back side is also coated with ink or sealed with a thin film.
  • the paper 1 having the signature 2 in the concealed state is placed on a fluorescent plate 4 as is shown in FIG. 3.
  • An infrared ray source 5 and a filter 6, which passes only infrared rays are placed behind the paper I.
  • the infrared image of the concealed sign is formed on the surface of a fluorescent plate 4 by the infrared rays passing through the paper I.
  • the portions of the surface of the fluorescent plate 4 other than the portions corresponding to the image of the concealed sign are quenched by the infrared rays while the portions corresponding to the concealed signature illuminate fluorescent light. In such manner, the concealed signature is visualized and identification is possible.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the principle of the present invention as applied to an identifying device wherein the infrared light source 5, the infrared filter plate 6, the fluorescent plate 4, and the ultraviolet light source 7 are arranged horizontally in that order.
  • the filter plate 6 is supported at the lower portion there so that it can be tilted freely, as is shown by the dotted line.
  • the card I bearing a concealed signature is placed between the filter plate 6 and the fluorescent plate 4.
  • the filter plate 6 is pressed against the card 1 so that the card 1 is closely contacted to the fluorescent plate 4.
  • a light source 12 is provided on the upper side of the card 11 so as to illuminate same.
  • the fluorescent plate 4 is wholly illuminated by the irradiation of the ultraviolet light source 7 provided behind the fluorescent plate 4.
  • the fluorescent plate 4 is also illuminated through the card 1 bearing the concealed signature by the infrared light source 5.
  • the infrared rays which are not blocked by the ink of the concealed signature are projected on the fluorescent plate 4.
  • the concealed signature 2 written on the card 1 is formed as a visible image on the fluorescent plate 4.
  • This image is thereafter reflected by the half mirror 9 and can be observed by an operator from the position 13.
  • a card 11 bearing the signature to be identified is placed on base 10 within the same view-field, thereby allowing for the comparison of the two signatures by parallelly placing or overlaying same.
  • FIG. 5 shows another principle of the apparatus of the invention, wherein the card 1 bearing a concealed signature is inserted between a base plate and an infrared ray filter 6.
  • the filter 6 is rotated on shaft 8 to press and retain the card 1 between the base plate 15 and the filter 6.
  • An infrared ray lamp 5 is provided behind the infrared filter 6 and at the same time an optical system composed of a lens 16 and an aslantly provided reflecting mirror 14 are provided behind the base member 15 and positioned in such manner as to reflect the ultraviolet image on a fluorescent plate 4 provided with an ultraviolet light source 7.
  • a half mirror 9 for reflecting the light coming from the fluorescent plate 4 is aslantly provided in front thereof. Below the half mirror 9, a base 10 is positioned so that is is approximately the same distance from the half mirror 9 as the half mirror 9 is from the fluorescent plate 4.
  • the card 11 bearing the signature to be identified is placed thereon and a light source 12 for illumination is positioned above same.
  • the infrared ray pattern of the concealed signature on paper 1 is transmitted through an optical system such as the mirror 14 and the a 16 to the front surface of a fluorescent plate 4, i.e., the side of the plate 4 which is stimulated and illuminated by the ultraviolet ray lamp 7.
  • a quenched image of the concealed sign is generated on the surface of a fluorescent plate 4.
  • This image is observed on the half mirror 9 while the signature on card ll on the base 10 can be observed through the window section ofhalfmirror 9, thereby providing an easy comparison. Therefore, in accordance with this system, the infrared ray pattern and the illuminating surface of the fluorescent plate 4 are overlaid on the same side to generate the quenching effect.
  • the concealed image on card 1 when the concealed image on card 1 is pressed-contacted between the infrared ray filter 6 and the fluorescent plate 4, the concealed image is inverted by the half mirror 9 and the opposite image can be observed by the operator at position 13.
  • the infrafed ray pattern of the card 1 is inverted with the right side to the left, and therefore in order to observe, the normal image, the infrared ray pattern must be inverted and placed with the right side to the left before entering lens 16.
  • the unit comprises a base portion having a box 17 which encloses the electric circuit for lighting the infrared lamp and the ultraviolet ray lamp described hereinafter.
  • a box 20 enclosing the detecting and identifying mechanism such as a lamp, fluorescent plate, and an optical system.
  • the box 17 of the base portion and the box 20 are united toform the casing of the instant apparatus.
  • a rectangular opening 21 is provided at the top of box 20 and an operating board 22 is mounted adjacent thereto so that it may be pushed into the opening 21 from outside when identification is carried out.
  • a shaft pin 24 is provided on one end of the board 22 and ex- .tends through the box 20, thereby providing a rotation point for the board 22.
  • An L-type lever'25 is fixed on both side wall portions of the operation 22, and pins 28 are provided on armplates 27 fixed on both sides of a pressing plate 26. The pins 28 slidably engage a U- shaped retainer in the lever 25.
  • a retaining plate 29 for retaining the paper at a predetermined position by press-contacting the paper bearing the concealed signature in parallel with the pressing plate 26 is also provided, and the retaining plate 29 is provided with a guide pin 30 at each of the corner portions thereof. (cf. FIG. 8).
  • a spring 31 is provided between the retaining plate 29 and the pressing plate 26.
  • the end portion of each pin 30 has a head 32 for preventing the guide pin 30 fron being disconnected from the pressing plate 26 by the biasing of return spring 31. (See FIGS. 7 and 8)
  • the pressing plate 26 and the retaining plate 29, are connected via pins 30 and return spring 31.
  • the retaining plate 29 has an arm 33 mounted on both sidewall portions thereof, such as by screws. At the other portion thereof, the arm 33 is rotatably supported by a shaft 33'. Accordingly, when the operation board 22 is pressed, it is pushed down in a clockwise direction with the fulcrum 24 as the center. This, in turn, pushes the pressing plate 26 via the L- lever 25 fixed on the operating board 22 and pin 28. As a result, the pressing plate 26 rotates the retaining plate 29 in a counter-clockwise direction with the shaft 33 as the fulcrum, while the return spring 31 is compressed.
  • a plate 34 for mounting the fluorescent plate 38 to 7 box 20 is provided on the front surface of the retaining plate 29.
  • a document bearing the concealed image is inserted between the retaining plate 29 and the fixed plate 34 through the slit 23 in the box 20.
  • the re taining plate 29 is rotated in a counter-clockwise direction, the document is closely retained.
  • an infrared ray lamp 35 is provided for irradiating the document bearing the concealed image.
  • the pressing plate 26 and the retaining plate 29 are provided with generally rectangular holes 26 and 29' for passing infrared rays'through the central portions of the pressing plate and the retaining plate.
  • the central portion of the retaining plate 29 accommodates a glass plate 36.
  • a plate 34 is mounted to the box 20 and has an opening in the central portion thereof which corresponds with the windows in pressing plate 26 and retaining plate 29.
  • a metal frame 37 for retaining a fluorescent member is inserted in the open area of plate 34.
  • a fluorescen fluorescent 38 coated with fluorescent material 39, is placed on a glass plate 38, and a thin film 49, such as Mylar, is used to cover the plate 38.
  • the thin film is fixed with a retainer 41 to hold the fluorescent plate 38 onto the metal frame 37.
  • a fibrous layer 40' is used as a face plate instead of the thin film of Mylar.
  • an ultraviolet light source 42 is provided on the front side of the fixing plate 34 which illuminates the surface of the fluorescent plate 38.
  • the fixed plate 34 is mounted on the box 20 in such manner that the fluorescent plate 38 fixed on the central portion thereof and the glass plate 36 inserted onto the retaining plate 29, are all positioned in agreement.
  • a switch pin 50 is provided which passes through a hole 43 in the retaining plate 29 and fixing plate 34.
  • the switch pin 50 also passes through a hole provided in the card 1 bearing the concealed sign and, therefore, will not operate the respective lights unless the hole in the card is at such position.
  • a lamp 44 for illuminating the matter bearing the second signature to be identified is provided at the front portion of the plate 34 for fixing the fluorescent plate.
  • the lamp 44 is provided with a hood 45 which directs the light of the lamp toward the base 19.
  • a glass plate 46 is mounted into a window at the bottom of box for observing the matter bearing the signature to be identified.
  • the switch pin 50 is provided with a washer 51 at one end thereof and is moveably inserted into a small hole provided at the lower portion of the window 26' in pressing plate 26.
  • a skirt washer 53 is made of an electroconductive material and is in contact with pin 50 at the central portion thereof where it abuts an annular projection provided on the pin 50.
  • a coil spring 52 is provided between the washer 53 and the pressing plate 26, and the switch pin 50 is biased thereby towards holes 54 and 43 provided in the fixing plate 34 and the retaining plate 29, respectively.
  • a printed base plate 58 is adhered to the retaining plate 29 and provides contacts 56 and 57, as is shown in FIG. 14.
  • the switch pin 50 is allowed to enter hole 43 of the fixing plate 34 through a hole provided at a predetermined position in the card bearing the concealed signature. In such manner, the conductive washer 53 provided on the pin '50 contacts the two electrodes 56 and 57, thereby completing an electrical circuit.
  • FIGS. 12 and 13 show enlarged views of the switch pin 50 of FIG. 11.
  • the card 55 bearing a concealed signature is not provided with a hole at the same position as that of the switch pin 50, and in this case, the switch pin 50 cannot enter hole 43 of the fixing plate 34. Therefore, the conductive washer cannot contact the electrodes 56 and 57 of the printed base plate 58 and the electrode source switch of the infrared and ultraviolet light sources cannot be turned on.
  • the card 55 is provided with a hole in the position of the switch pin. In this case, the switch pin 50 enters into the hole 43 and the conductive washer contacts the electrodes 56 and 57, thereby completing the electric circuit and illuminating the respective lights.
  • FIG. 15 is a circuit diagram of the embodiment described above, wherein: plug P is connected to an AC outlet; PL is a pilot lamp, S, is the main switch; FM is a fan motor for cooling; S is a switch comprising a conductive washer 53 provided on the switch pin 50 and the electrodes 56 and 57 on the printed base plate; Rel, is a relay which is operated when the switch S is turned on, and has movable contacts a, through a,; L and L are the lamps for illuminating the matter to be identified and are serially connected to a variable resistor VR, for regulating the brightness.
  • An infrared ray lamp L is provided behind the pressing plate 26, and
  • Fluorescent tubes FL, and FL are connected in series to the moveable contacts a, and a of the relay Rel, which are respectively connected to the circuit connecting the filaments of the light source.
  • the contacts a, and a are normally closed and are, therefore, the contacts for discharging thermoelectrons within the respective tubes.
  • capacitors c, and 0 we provide capacitors c, and 0
  • the respective lamps are serially connected to the movable contacts a, a, of the relay Rel,. Therefore, when the switch S is closed and the relay Rel, is operated, contacts a, and a, are in the off state and a high voltage is applied between the two filaments of the fluorescent tubes and the respective lamps are lighted.
  • the switch pin enters the hole 43 provided in the fixing plate 34. and the electroconductive washer 53 contacts the electrodes 56 and 57, thereby completing the circuit, i.e., the switch S is turned to an on condition, and as a result, the relay Rel, is operated and the movable contacts a, and a of the relay are turned to an off condition and contacts a and a, are turned to an on condition. In such manner, the respective lamps are turned on simultaneously.
  • FIG. 16 depicts the optical system of our invention, wherein the numeral 36 is the pressing plate which is inserted into the retaining plate 29.
  • the retaining plate 29 is overlaid with the fluorescent plate 38 provided on the fixing plate.
  • the two plates 36 and 38 are shown in intimate contact, but actually, between the two plates, the card bearing the concealed signature is inserted.
  • a reflecting mirror 47 is provided for inverting the quenched image formed on the fluorescent plate 38.
  • a second reflecting mirror 48 is positioned to direct the inverted image which is reversed by the reflecting mirror 47 to the eyes 59 of the viewer. Additionally, the mirror 48 inverts the image so that it is seen in its correct position.
  • the aslantly provided reflecting mirror 48 is a half mirror, i.e., only half the mirror reflects, which leads the quenched image to the eyes of the operator and through which the operator can see the image of the matter bearing the signature to be identified, which is placed on base 19.
  • a magnifying glass 49 is placed in the viewing aperture. Between the base 19, and the optical system, a glass plate 46 is stationed for I preventing dust from entering the optical system.
  • the distance between the half mirror 48 and the base 19 is adjusted to be equal to the sum of the distance between the half mirror 48 and the reflecting mirror 47 and the distance between the reflecting mirror 47 and the fluorescent plate 38. Therefore, the quenched image on the fluorescent plate is reflected by the refleeting mirror 47 and the half mirror 48 and is viewed by the operator with the virtual image thereof formed on base 19.
  • the base 19 is connected to an adjusting screw 60 and the base portion thereof is freely inserted into the hole 62 provided on the base plate 61 of the box 17.
  • the base portion of the screw 60 has a washer, and when the adjusting screw 60 is rotated, the base is moved horizontally in the direction shown by the arrow.
  • the adjustment of the base 19 and the half mirror 48 in a lengthwise direction of the light path can be carried out.
  • the pressing plate 26 When the pressing plate 26 is rotated, it compresses the springs 31 and the retaining plate 29 is pushed by spring 31 provided on the guide pin 30 and is rotated in the counter-clockwise direction with the shaft 33' as the fulcrum.
  • the card 55 is closely held between the pressing glass plate 36 of the retaining plate 29 and the fluorescent plate of the fixing plate 34 (see FIG. 11).
  • the card 55 has a punched hole at a predetermined position at the lower portion therefor, and when the punched hole agrees with the position of the switch pin 50, the switch pin 50 is introduced into the hole 43 in the fixing plate 34 and the electroconductive washer provided on said pin contacts the electrodes 56 and 57.
  • the ultraviolet lamps 42 provided on the upper and lower side portions of the fluorescent plate 58 are lighted, the fluorescent layer coated on the fluorescent plate is stimulated and illuminated.
  • the infrared lamp 35 is lighted, the infrared ray pattern of the concealed signature is irradiated onto the fluorescent plate, and the quenching effect is generated, resulting in a quenched image formed on the fluorescent plate.
  • This image is readily observed by the operator as the normal image through the reflecting mirror 47 and the half mirror 48.
  • the signature to be identified, placed on base 19 can be observed through the transparent half of mirror 48.
  • the identification can be readily carried out by arranging the two images to coincide.
  • I sistor 107 and switch 105 In this conventional lamp system, the switch 105 is closed in order to light the fluorescent tube 101. In such manner, the filament circuit is closed to pass a heating current through the filaments 102a and l02b so that thermoelectrons are discharged therefrom. Whenthe switch 105 is released, the voltage between the two filaments 102a and l02b is abruptly raised and a discharge is started between the two filaments, thereby lighting the fluorescent tube.
  • the drawback in this system is that it is necessary for the filament circuit to be closed until thermoelectrons are discharged and, therefore, it is not possible to instantly light the tube.
  • a glow starter 108 is connected to the lighting circuit.
  • the contact of the glow starter is closed at first and, therefore, a heating current passes through the filaments 102a and 102b, causing thermoelectron discharge.
  • the contact of the glow starter is opened, and voltage is applied between the filaments 102a and 102b, thereby lighting the tube. In this case, instant lighting is still not available.
  • the switch 105 is normally kept closed and current is always passed through the fllament circuit to preheat the filaments 102a and 102b. To light the tube, the switch 105 is opened to apply voltage between the two filaments.
  • the resistor 107 when the voltage of the power source 106 is lowered, the resistor 107 must have lower resistivity since it is necessary to preheat the filaments sufficiently to discharge thermoelectrons from the filaments 102a and 102b.
  • the filaments 102a and 102b become overheated and the discharge caused by releasing thermoelectrons occurs at both ends of the fluorescent tube, thereby causing a half-lighted or slightly lighted state.
  • the resistivity of the resistor 107 is increased against the elevation of the power source 106, and when the voltage of the power source 106 drops, the filament current becomes so small that lighting becomes increasingly difficult.
  • a stabilizer is utilized, as shown in FIG. 20.
  • the stabilizer 111 is connected between the two filaments 110.
  • a heating current is passed through the two filaments 110 by means of the stabilizer 111 after closing the switch 112.
  • the elevating voltage of the A.C. power source 113 is also applied to the two filaments 110. Therefore, the fluorescent tube can be lighted instantly through the discharge in the tube 109 caused by the closing of the switch 112.
  • the stabilizer must be of the type which can carry out the quick elevation of voltage, and such a stabilizer is rather expensive. Accordingly, this arrangement is impractical for a low cost unit.
  • the lighting circuit of our invention which comprises: an ultraviolet light source 101; filaments 102a and 102b; a stabilizer 103, and an A.C. power source 106.
  • the filament 1020 is connected to the electric source 106 through the stabilizer 103, and at the same time, a varistor 114, as an element having non-straight line property, is connected to the terminals of the filament.
  • a second varistor 114 is connected to the filament terminals of the filament 102b, and one of the terminals of each filament is con-.
  • the switch 115 which is normally closed and is opened only when the lamps are lighted. Since the switch 115 is normally closed, an electric current normally passes through the two filaments 102a and l02b to heat same and discharge thermoelectrons.
  • the varistor 114 connected to the two filaments is of the type that when the voltage applied to the varistor is smaller than the lighting voltage V0 of the fluorescent lamp, current hardly flows through the varistor. However, when it becomes larger than V0, the varistor abruptly starts to pass the current.
  • the current passing through the filaments 102a and 102b is kept constant when it is in the neighborhood of the lighting voltage V0.
  • the lighting switch 115 is opened, the voltage of the power source is directly applied between the two filaments and a discharge is started between the two filaments to light the lamps instantly.
  • the current passing through the two filaments is kept constant by the varistor 1 14 against the changes of the alternating current voltage and, therefore, it is possible to obtain the desirable instant lighting circuit.
  • a varistor is used as the filament current-controlling element.
  • any varistor is used as the filament current-controlling element.
  • the ultraviolet light source as well as the infrared light and illuminating lamp are instantly turned on, thereby permitting quick comparison of the two signatures.
  • a fluorescent lighting apparatus comprising a fluorescent lamp having a pair of opposed filaments, and a lighting circuit for said lamp, said lighting circuit including an electric source circuit connected to apply a voltage to one terminal of each of the filaments of said lamp to cause discharge between said filaments, a filament preheating circuit interconnecting the other terminals of said filaments and having a switch which is closed during preheating and which is opened to light said lamp, and a filament current controlling circuit connected across the two terminals of at least one filament of said lamp, said controlling circuit including a non-linear element.
  • a fluorescent lighting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said non-linear element is a varister.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
  • Inspection Of Paper Currency And Valuable Securities (AREA)
US00270206A 1967-06-12 1972-07-10 Fluorescent lighting apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3794882A (en)

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US20060006814A1 (en) * 2004-07-07 2006-01-12 Wendt Ernest T System and method for automated filament testing of gas discharge lamps
US20110291581A1 (en) * 2010-05-28 2011-12-01 Zilog, Inc. Rejecting noise transients while turning off a fluorescent lamp using a starter unit

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Cited By (11)

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US20030214257A1 (en) * 1999-06-21 2003-11-20 Access Business Group International Llc Inductively powered lamp assembly
US6831417B2 (en) * 1999-06-21 2004-12-14 Access Business Group International Llc Method of manufacturing a lamp assembly
US20050116650A1 (en) * 1999-06-21 2005-06-02 Baarman David W. Method of manufacturing a lamp assembly
US7153178B2 (en) 1999-06-21 2006-12-26 Access Business Group International Llc Method of manufacturing a lamp assembly
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