US3793067A - Food release coating - Google Patents
Food release coating Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3793067A US3793067A US3793067DA US3793067A US 3793067 A US3793067 A US 3793067A US 3793067D A US3793067D A US 3793067DA US 3793067 A US3793067 A US 3793067A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- coating
- food
- release coating
- water
- thickener
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 20
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000014510 cooky Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 5
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000015895 biscuits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011436 cob Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006873 Coates reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008429 bread Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940105329 carboxymethylcellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940068984 polyvinyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/10—Coatings without pigments
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/10—Coatings without pigments
- D21H19/14—Coatings without pigments applied in a form other than the aqueous solution defined in group D21H19/12
- D21H19/20—Coatings without pigments applied in a form other than the aqueous solution defined in group D21H19/12 comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31971—Of carbohydrate
- Y10T428/31993—Of paper
Definitions
- the bread, biscuits, cookies, buns, rolls, etc. can be cooked directly in the paper board package in which they have been stored and displayed under conventional conditions e.g., 25 minutes at 350375F.
- the storage, display and baking means are prepared in accordance with the invention by applying onto a sheet of cellulosic material, for example, a paperboard substrate, a coating composition consisting of a thickener or film forming material, a Werner type chromium complex and water, using conventional coating techniques.
- the resultant product is then suitable for use both as the packaging means and as the cooking pan for the food.
- the same coating can be applied onto paperboard where the resultant prodnets are intended for use asdisposable cooking trays.
- the coating of the invention serves to impart two distinct unique qualities to the underlying cellulosic material and namely 1. grease resistance; and
- the coating is readily applied by all of the known conventional methods. It is normally applied out of a water based system and, therefore, no expensive and often dangerous solvent recovery systems are required.
- the coating composition in accordance with the invention comprises a thickener or film forming material such as polyvinyl alcohol, a Werner type chromium complex which is preferably a chrome-stearato complex, for example, Quilon (DuPont), and water.
- a thickener or film forming material such as polyvinyl alcohol, a Werner type chromium complex which is preferably a chrome-stearato complex, for example, Quilon (DuPont), and water.
- the components can be readily mixed in proper proportions for obtaining the results above mentioned.
- the chrome complex In order to achieve the desired food release function of the coating, the chrome complex must constitute at least about 2 percent by weight of the coating formulation. A coating viscosity of no less than about cps., measured in Brookfield units at 72F. at 10 rpm, must be maintained to give proper coating spread.
- a conventional thickener or film former such as polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl-cellulose, sodium alginate, starches and the like, may be included in the formulation.
- Such a thickener or film former as polyvinyl alcohol serves the additional function of imparting additional grease resistance to the coating.
- the cellulosic substrate not be so porous as to be over-absorbent.
- Such an overabsorbent substrate will allow excessive drainage of the food release coating, whereupon insufficient coating will remain on the surface to provide proper release. Accordingly, a minimum Cobb Size Specification of about 0.30 g. water absorbed must be maintained. This may be done by any of the known methods in the art, such as application of size either added in the furnish or onto the surface, application of a base coat, glazing, supercalendering, or similar finishing operations.
- surfaces non-wettable by water such as attained by treating with materials such as wax, untreated polyolefins or water repellent chemicals, which cannot be coated with formulations of the invention by normal coating methods, are to be avoided.
- Conventional coating or sizing application can be carried out before the application of coating of the invention by conventional procedures, such as application of two coats in one pass, or pre-sizing and coating in one pass, or beater sizing and coating on a paper machine, or the like.
- Coated paperboard having grease resistant and non-sticking properties comprising a sheet of paperboard having a minimum Cobb Size Specification of about 0.30 g. water absorbed coated with a mixture consisting essentially of polyvinyl alcohol thickener and a sufficient proportion of Werner type chromium complex to impart said properties to the coated paperboard.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Abstract
Coating composition for applying grease resistant, non-sticking coatings to sheets of cellulosic material and the resultant products which are suitable for use in storing, displaying and cooking food products, the coating composition comprising at least one thickener or film forming material, a Werner type chromium complex and water.
Description
United States Patent [191 Gallino Feb. 19, 1974 1 FOOD RELEASE COATING [75] Inventor: Robert Gallino, Englewood Cliffs,
[73] Assignee: Lowe Paper Company, Ridgefield, NJ. I
[22] Filed: June 16, 1972 [21] App]. N0.: 263,506
Related US. Application Data [63] Continuation-impart of Ser. No. 13,193, Feb. 20,
1970, abandoned.
[52] US. Cl 117/155 UA, 117/121, 117/161 UE [51] Int. Cl D211! 1/38 [58] Field of Search 117/155 UA, 161 UE, 121
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,273,040 2/1942 ller. 117/100 X 2,356,161 8/1944 Iler 117/121 X 2,356,879 8/1944 Pense et al.... 117/142 2,999,768 9/1961 Boresch 117/121 3,484,271 12/1969 Kaliski et a1. 117/62.1 3,558,676 l/l97l Doherty 117/162 X Primary Examiner-William D. Martin Assistant ExaminerM. R. Lusignan Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Albert C. Nolte, .lr.; Edward B. Hunter; C. Bruce Hamburg 1 Claim, No Drawings 7 1 FOOD RELEASE COATING This is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. l3,l93, filed Feb. 20, 1970, now abandoned.
In the use of brown and serve" packages by the food industry it is the conventional practice to remove the food from the original package, transfer the same to and to bake the same on a previously prepared usual metal cookie tray or pan. This is also the case in connection with the conventional roll, cookie or biscuit baking carried out in the home or even on a commercial scale. That is, the cookies, etc. are baked on a large previously greased metal cookie tray.
It is an object of the invention to eliminate the necessity of using metal cookie or baking trays for the actual baking of the food and therewith the associated disadvantages of storage, cleaning, rust prevention, etc.
In accordance with the invention, the bread, biscuits, cookies, buns, rolls, etc., can be cooked directly in the paper board package in which they have been stored and displayed under conventional conditions e.g., 25 minutes at 350375F. The storage, display and baking means are prepared in accordance with the invention by applying onto a sheet of cellulosic material, for example, a paperboard substrate, a coating composition consisting of a thickener or film forming material, a Werner type chromium complex and water, using conventional coating techniques. The resultant product is then suitable for use both as the packaging means and as the cooking pan for the food. The same coating can be applied onto paperboard where the resultant prodnets are intended for use asdisposable cooking trays.
The coating of the invention serves to impart two distinct unique qualities to the underlying cellulosic material and namely 1. grease resistance; and
2. the ability to allow the food to be very easily released from the paperboard without any necessity of greasing the pan prior to the baking orcooking opera tron.
The coating is readily applied by all of the known conventional methods. It is normally applied out of a water based system and, therefore, no expensive and often dangerous solvent recovery systems are required.
The coating composition in accordance with the invention comprises a thickener or film forming material such as polyvinyl alcohol, a Werner type chromium complex which is preferably a chrome-stearato complex, for example, Quilon (DuPont), and water.
The components can be readily mixed in proper proportions for obtaining the results above mentioned.
In order to achieve the desired food release function of the coating, the chrome complex must constitute at least about 2 percent by weight of the coating formulation. A coating viscosity of no less than about cps., measured in Brookfield units at 72F. at 10 rpm, must be maintained to give proper coating spread. For this purpose a conventional thickener or film former, such as polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl-cellulose, sodium alginate, starches and the like, may be included in the formulation. Such a thickener or film former as polyvinyl alcohol serves the additional function of imparting additional grease resistance to the coating.
It is of great importance that the cellulosic substrate not be so porous as to be over-absorbent. Such an overabsorbent substrate will allow excessive drainage of the food release coating, whereupon insufficient coating will remain on the surface to provide proper release. Accordingly, a minimum Cobb Size Specification of about 0.30 g. water absorbed must be maintained. This may be done by any of the known methods in the art, such as application of size either added in the furnish or onto the surface, application of a base coat, glazing, supercalendering, or similar finishing operations. On
7 the other hand, surfaces non-wettable by water, such as attained by treating with materials such as wax, untreated polyolefins or water repellent chemicals, which cannot be coated with formulations of the invention by normal coating methods, are to be avoided.
Conventional coating or sizing application can be carried out before the application of coating of the invention by conventional procedures, such as application of two coats in one pass, or pre-sizing and coating in one pass, or beater sizing and coating on a paper machine, or the like.
- An example of a grease resistant ready release coating in accordance with the invention is the following:
Polyvinyl alcohol 6 wt.% aqueous solution I00 gallons stearato chrome complex 33 wt.% isopropyl alcohol solution 9 gallons water 25 gallons.
Application air knife coate'r Paperboard 0.024 inch coated bleached sulphate Weight Coat Application 3.0 gals/3000 sq. ft.
While the invention has been described by reference to preferred embodiments, it is intended that all embodiments within the spirit of the invention be included within the scope of the claims.
What is claimed is:
l. Coated paperboard having grease resistant and non-sticking properties comprising a sheet of paperboard having a minimum Cobb Size Specification of about 0.30 g. water absorbed coated with a mixture consisting essentially of polyvinyl alcohol thickener and a sufficient proportion of Werner type chromium complex to impart said properties to the coated paperboard.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US26350672A | 1972-06-16 | 1972-06-16 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3793067A true US3793067A (en) | 1974-02-19 |
Family
ID=23002050
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US3793067D Expired - Lifetime US3793067A (en) | 1972-06-16 | 1972-06-16 | Food release coating |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3793067A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS4992151A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATA261073A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE799493A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7300856D0 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA973653A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2313525B2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2189483A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1359389A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7301700A (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA724945B (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2550066A1 (en) * | 1974-11-07 | 1976-05-13 | Scott Paper Co | RELEASE COVER COMPOUNDS AND RELEASE PAPERS MADE FROM THEM |
| WO1996020832A1 (en) * | 1995-01-05 | 1996-07-11 | A*Ware Technologies, L.C. | Coated sheet material and method |
| WO1999045059A1 (en) * | 1998-03-02 | 1999-09-10 | Le Groupe Recherche I.D. Inc. | Repulpable corrugated board |
| US20050170173A1 (en) * | 2002-02-01 | 2005-08-04 | Michel Coguelin | Sheet for application of erasable print |
| CN102337705A (en) * | 2010-07-20 | 2012-02-01 | 中国制浆造纸研究院 | Method for improving stability of curtain utilized in curtain coating |
| WO2020117595A1 (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2020-06-11 | Viskase Companies, Inc. | Release agent for food netting, and related treated netting and methods |
| EP3882395A1 (en) * | 2020-03-16 | 2021-09-22 | Mayr-Melnhof Karton AG | Tobacco packaging |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5747429A (en) * | 1980-09-02 | 1982-03-18 | Sanyo Kokusaku Pulp Co | Sheet for baking and cooking tray |
| FR2629110B1 (en) * | 1988-03-25 | 1991-09-20 | Sandoz Sa | SURFACE BONDING OF PLANAR STRUCTURES BASED ON MATERIALS SUITABLE FOR MANUFACTURING PAPERS |
| US8137818B2 (en) | 2008-07-28 | 2012-03-20 | Tate & Lyle Ingredients Americas Llc | Poly(lactic acid)-containing compositions for use in imparting oil, grease, or water resistance to paper |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2273040A (en) * | 1940-09-26 | 1942-02-17 | Du Pont | Chemical process and product |
| US2356161A (en) * | 1941-07-18 | 1944-08-22 | Du Pont | Chemical process and products |
| US2356879A (en) * | 1939-12-12 | 1944-08-29 | Pense Walter | Process of preparing lustrous coatings |
| US2999768A (en) * | 1957-07-19 | 1961-09-12 | Bayer Ag | Complex chromic compounds |
| US3484271A (en) * | 1965-06-25 | 1969-12-16 | Riegel Paper Corp | Two step in situ reaction for producing coated paper webs |
| US3558676A (en) * | 1967-04-19 | 1971-01-26 | Edward E Doherty | Fatty acid chromium complex salts and compositions thereof |
-
1972
- 1972-06-16 US US3793067D patent/US3793067A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1972-07-18 ZA ZA724945A patent/ZA724945B/en unknown
- 1972-07-18 GB GB3357572A patent/GB1359389A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-12-20 CA CA159,592A patent/CA973653A/en not_active Expired
-
1973
- 1973-02-05 BR BR85673A patent/BR7300856D0/en unknown
- 1973-02-07 NL NL7301700A patent/NL7301700A/xx unknown
- 1973-03-19 DE DE2313525A patent/DE2313525B2/en active Pending
- 1973-03-23 AT AT261073A patent/ATA261073A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1973-04-18 FR FR7314201A patent/FR2189483A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1973-04-24 JP JP4582273A patent/JPS4992151A/ja active Pending
- 1973-05-14 BE BE131074A patent/BE799493A/en unknown
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2356879A (en) * | 1939-12-12 | 1944-08-29 | Pense Walter | Process of preparing lustrous coatings |
| US2273040A (en) * | 1940-09-26 | 1942-02-17 | Du Pont | Chemical process and product |
| US2356161A (en) * | 1941-07-18 | 1944-08-22 | Du Pont | Chemical process and products |
| US2999768A (en) * | 1957-07-19 | 1961-09-12 | Bayer Ag | Complex chromic compounds |
| US3484271A (en) * | 1965-06-25 | 1969-12-16 | Riegel Paper Corp | Two step in situ reaction for producing coated paper webs |
| US3558676A (en) * | 1967-04-19 | 1971-01-26 | Edward E Doherty | Fatty acid chromium complex salts and compositions thereof |
Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2550066A1 (en) * | 1974-11-07 | 1976-05-13 | Scott Paper Co | RELEASE COVER COMPOUNDS AND RELEASE PAPERS MADE FROM THEM |
| US5981011A (en) * | 1992-01-22 | 1999-11-09 | A*Ware Technologies, L.C. | Coated sheet material |
| US6193831B1 (en) | 1993-09-20 | 2001-02-27 | A⋆Ware Technologies, L.C. | Coated sheet method |
| WO1996020832A1 (en) * | 1995-01-05 | 1996-07-11 | A*Ware Technologies, L.C. | Coated sheet material and method |
| US7595115B2 (en) | 1998-03-02 | 2009-09-29 | Le Groupe Recherche I,D. Inc. | Repulpable corrugated boxboard |
| WO1999045059A1 (en) * | 1998-03-02 | 1999-09-10 | Le Groupe Recherche I.D. Inc. | Repulpable corrugated board |
| US6143113A (en) * | 1998-03-02 | 2000-11-07 | Le Groupe Recherche I.D. Inc. | Repulpable corrugated boxboard |
| US6541556B1 (en) * | 1998-03-02 | 2003-04-01 | Le Groupe Recherche I.D. Inc. | Repulpable corrugated boxboard |
| US20030149151A1 (en) * | 1998-03-02 | 2003-08-07 | Le Groupe Recherche I.D. Inc. | Repulpable corrugated boxboard |
| US20050266167A1 (en) * | 1998-03-02 | 2005-12-01 | Serge Berube | Repulpable corrugated boxboard |
| US7070865B2 (en) * | 1998-03-02 | 2006-07-04 | Le Groupe Recherche I.D. Inc. | Repulpable corrugated boxboard |
| US20050170173A1 (en) * | 2002-02-01 | 2005-08-04 | Michel Coguelin | Sheet for application of erasable print |
| CN102337705A (en) * | 2010-07-20 | 2012-02-01 | 中国制浆造纸研究院 | Method for improving stability of curtain utilized in curtain coating |
| CN102337705B (en) * | 2010-07-20 | 2013-07-31 | 中国制浆造纸研究院 | Method for improving stability of curtain utilized in curtain coating |
| WO2020117595A1 (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2020-06-11 | Viskase Companies, Inc. | Release agent for food netting, and related treated netting and methods |
| EP3882395A1 (en) * | 2020-03-16 | 2021-09-22 | Mayr-Melnhof Karton AG | Tobacco packaging |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL7301700A (en) | 1973-12-18 |
| JPS4992151A (en) | 1974-09-03 |
| CA973653A (en) | 1975-09-02 |
| ATA261073A (en) | 1975-04-15 |
| BE799493A (en) | 1973-11-14 |
| ZA724945B (en) | 1973-04-25 |
| GB1359389A (en) | 1974-07-10 |
| BR7300856D0 (en) | 1974-07-18 |
| DE2313525B2 (en) | 1975-09-04 |
| FR2189483A1 (en) | 1974-01-25 |
| DE2313525A1 (en) | 1974-01-10 |
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