US3791799A - Extrusion die - Google Patents
Extrusion die Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3791799A US3791799A US00111136A US3791799DA US3791799A US 3791799 A US3791799 A US 3791799A US 00111136 A US00111136 A US 00111136A US 3791799D A US3791799D A US 3791799DA US 3791799 A US3791799 A US 3791799A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- zirconia
- extrusion die
- molybdenum
- tungsten
- dies
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/001—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
- C22C32/0015—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides with only single oxides as main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0031—Matrix based on refractory metals, W, Mo, Nb, Hf, Ta, Zr, Ti, V or alloys thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
- B21C25/02—Dies
- B21C25/025—Selection of materials therefor
Definitions
- d1es bemg made of a predominant amount of molyb- 2,949,358 8/1960 Alexander et a1.
- Extrusion dies for the processing of various metals including non-ferrous metals and alloy steels are wellknown. Conventional dies of this type are made from stellites and high temperature steels. Some dies are also made from such oxide materials as zirconia. However, these materials have been found to be disadvantageous. They are difficult to work and because of their brittleness they develop cracks during operation. Consequently, their useful life is quite short.
- the dies of this invention contain from 85 to 98 percent by volume of molybdenum or tungsten with the remainder being a zirconia phase.
- the molybdenum or tungsten phase will be in excess from 85 to 95 percent by volume of the composition.
- the zirconia phase is preferably stabilized by a zirconia stabilizing oxide.
- zirconia stabilizing oxides include calcium oxide, magnesium oxide and oxides of cerium and yttrium. Where employed, the stabilizing oxides are present in an amount of up to about 30 percent by volume of the zirconia phase.
- the dies of this invention are prepared by conventional powder metallurgical techniques.
- the powdered materials employed preferably have a particle size of from 0.1 to 30 microns.
- the powdered materials are mixed together and then compressed to form compacts having approximately the desired final shape.
- the pressures employed can range from 15,000 to 80,000 p.s.i.
- the pressed compacts are then sintered in a reducing or inert atmosphere as, for example, in a hydrogen atmosphere or in an atmosphere of an inert gas such as helium or argon, or the like.
- the sintering temperature should be from about l,700 to 2,200 C. If desired, pressure can be maintained during sintering, although it is not required.
- Sintering time will depend upon the size and thickness of the compact but will generally range from about 2 to about 30 hours.
- the desired final form of the die is obtained by machining to the final shape. More complex shapes can be made by spark erosion.
- the final die produced in accordance with this invention has along service life and can be successfully used for the extrusion of steel or non-ferrous metals. Furthermore, the nature of the die of this invention generally eliminates the tendcncy of welding of the die to the extruded material. Consequently, it is generally possible, when using the dies of this invention, to dispense with the use oflubricants during extrusion without risking the likelihood of particles of extruded metal sticking to the die.
- a suitable extrusion die can be manufactured by mixing 94.5 weight per cent of fine molybdenum powder having a particle size of 4 microns, 5.1 percent by weight of powdered zirconia having a particle size of l and 0.4 weight per cent of magnesium oxide (magnesia) having a particle size of 0.1. Thereafter, the mixture is pressed to form a compact by application of pressure using conventional powder metallurgical techniques of 40,000 p.s.i. The pressed compacts are then sintered at 2,000 C. for 8 hours in a hydrogen atmosphere. They are thereafter permitted to cool in hydrogen and finally the final desired form of the die is obtained by machining the sintered compacts.
- An extrusion die for the processing of metallic materials said extrusion die consisting essentially in excess of percent by volume but not more than percent by volume of molybdenum or tungsten, the remainder being a zirconia phase.
- An extrusion die as in claim 1 consisting essentially of molybdenum and zirconia.
- An extrusion die as in claim consisting essentially of tungsten and zirconia.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
Abstract
This invention relates to extrusion dies useful for processing both non-ferrous metals and alloy steels, the dies being made of a predominant amount of molybdenum or tungsten, the remainder being zirconia.
Description
Unite tates Patent Heitzinger 1 1 Feb. 12, 1974 1 1 EXTRUSION DIE 2,798,808 7/1957 lrcdell ct =11 75/206 [75] Inventor: Friedrich Franz Xaver Heitzinger, FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS Lechflschau, Austria 1,242,810 6/1967 Germany [731 Assignee: Schwarzkopf Development OTHER PUBLICATIONS Corporation New York Goetzel, Treatise on Powder Metallurgy, 1950, Vol 11 [22] Filed: Jan. 29, 1971 pp. 685, TN695 60, lntersci'ence Pub. [21] Appl No; 111,136 Harwood, The Metal Molybdenum, ASM, 1958, pp.
25-27, 29 & 30, TN799 M7U55.
[30] Foreign Application Priority Data Primary Examiner-Leland A. Sebastian Feb. 2, 1970 Austria 906/70 Assistant ExaminerB Hunt Attorney, Agent, or FirmMorgan, Finnegan, Durham [52] US. Cl 29/l82.5, 72/467, 75/206 & Pi [51] Int. Cl B22f 5/00 [58] Field of Search... 75/206; 29/182.5; 72/467 [57] ABSTRACT [56] Reierences Cited This invention relates to extrusion dies useful for pro UNITED STATES PATENTS cessmg both non-ferrous metals and alloy steels, the
d1es bemg made of a predominant amount of molyb- 2,949,358 8/1960 Alexander et a1. 75/206 denum or tungsten, the remainder being Zirconia 3,271,142 9/1966 Hammond et al. 3,475,159 10/1969 Hansen 75/206 5 Claims, N0 Drawings EXTRUSION DIE Extrusion dies for the processing of various metals including non-ferrous metals and alloy steels, are wellknown. Conventional dies of this type are made from stellites and high temperature steels. Some dies are also made from such oxide materials as zirconia. However, these materials have been found to be disadvantageous. They are difficult to work and because of their brittleness they develop cracks during operation. Consequently, their useful life is quite short.
By means of this invention it is possible to prepare extrusion dies having sufficient ductility and an outstanding resistance to cracking. The dies of this invention contain from 85 to 98 percent by volume of molybdenum or tungsten with the remainder being a zirconia phase. Preferably, the molybdenum or tungsten phase will be in excess from 85 to 95 percent by volume of the composition.
Mixtures of molybdenum and tungsten or alloys of molybdenum and tungsten can also be employed in place of molybdenum or tungsten alone.
The zirconia phase is preferably stabilized by a zirconia stabilizing oxide. Such zirconia stabilizing oxides include calcium oxide, magnesium oxide and oxides of cerium and yttrium. Where employed, the stabilizing oxides are present in an amount of up to about 30 percent by volume of the zirconia phase.
The dies of this invention are prepared by conventional powder metallurgical techniques. The powdered materials employed preferably have a particle size of from 0.1 to 30 microns. The powdered materials are mixed together and then compressed to form compacts having approximately the desired final shape. The pressures employed can range from 15,000 to 80,000 p.s.i. The pressed compacts are then sintered in a reducing or inert atmosphere as, for example, in a hydrogen atmosphere or in an atmosphere of an inert gas such as helium or argon, or the like. The sintering temperature should be from about l,700 to 2,200 C. If desired, pressure can be maintained during sintering, although it is not required. Sintering time will depend upon the size and thickness of the compact but will generally range from about 2 to about 30 hours. After sintering and cooling, preferably while the inert or reducing atmosphere is maintained, the desired final form of the die is obtained by machining to the final shape. More complex shapes can be made by spark erosion.
The final die produced in accordance with this invention has along service life and can be successfully used for the extrusion of steel or non-ferrous metals. Furthermore, the nature of the die of this invention generally eliminates the tendcncy of welding of the die to the extruded material. Consequently, it is generally possible, when using the dies of this invention, to dispense with the use oflubricants during extrusion without risking the likelihood of particles of extruded metal sticking to the die.
A suitable extrusion die can be manufactured by mixing 94.5 weight per cent of fine molybdenum powder having a particle size of 4 microns, 5.1 percent by weight of powdered zirconia having a particle size of l and 0.4 weight per cent of magnesium oxide (magnesia) having a particle size of 0.1. Thereafter, the mixture is pressed to form a compact by application of pressure using conventional powder metallurgical techniques of 40,000 p.s.i. The pressed compacts are then sintered at 2,000 C. for 8 hours in a hydrogen atmosphere. They are thereafter permitted to cool in hydrogen and finally the final desired form of the die is obtained by machining the sintered compacts.
What is claimed is:
1. An extrusion die for the processing of metallic materials, said extrusion die consisting essentially in excess of percent by volume but not more than percent by volume of molybdenum or tungsten, the remainder being a zirconia phase.
2. An extrusion die as in claim 1 wherein the zirconia phase contains zirconia and one or more stabilizers for the zirconia.
3. An extrusion die as in claim 1 wherein the stabilizer for the zirconia phase is selected from among the oxides of calcium, magnesium, cerium and yttrium.
4. An extrusion die as in claim 1 consisting essentially of molybdenum and zirconia.
5. An extrusion die as in claim [consisting essentially of tungsten and zirconia.
Claims (4)
- 2. An extrusion die as in claim 1 wherein the zirconia phase contains zirconia and one or more stabilizers for the zirconia.
- 3. An extrusion die as in claim 1 wherein the stabilizer for the zirconia phase is selected from among the oxides of calcium, magnesium, cerium and yttrium.
- 4. An extrusion die as in claim 1 consisting essentially of molybdenum and zirconia.
- 5. An extrusion die as in claim 1 consisting essentially of tungsten and zirconia.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT90670A AT294529B (en) | 1970-02-02 | 1970-02-02 | Extrusion die |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3791799A true US3791799A (en) | 1974-02-12 |
Family
ID=3502561
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00111136A Expired - Lifetime US3791799A (en) | 1970-02-02 | 1971-01-29 | Extrusion die |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3791799A (en) |
JP (1) | JPS5440487B1 (en) |
AT (1) | AT294529B (en) |
BE (1) | BE761997A (en) |
CH (1) | CH552067A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2064674C3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2080429A5 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1295413A (en) |
NL (1) | NL172343C (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4571983A (en) * | 1985-04-30 | 1986-02-25 | United Technologies Corporation | Refractory metal coated metal-working dies |
US4769346A (en) * | 1986-10-24 | 1988-09-06 | Corning Glass Works | Whisker composite ceramics for metal extrusion or the like |
US5645944A (en) * | 1994-08-01 | 1997-07-08 | Schwarzkopf Technologies Corp. | Application of molybdenum alloys |
US6090227A (en) * | 1997-05-09 | 2000-07-18 | Schwarzkopf Technologies Corp. | Structural units for glass melts made from a molybdenum/tungsten alloy |
CN103627940A (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2014-03-12 | 江西理工大学 | Powder metallurgical molybdenum base material applied to hot extrusion die and method for forming die |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2582547B1 (en) * | 1985-05-31 | 1988-12-02 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | DIE FOR HOT SPINNING |
JP2651332B2 (en) * | 1992-09-21 | 1997-09-10 | 松下電工株式会社 | Zirconia-based composite ceramic sintered body and method for producing the same |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2798808A (en) * | 1953-02-02 | 1957-07-09 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Method of introducing zirconia into tungsten powder preliminary to forming electrodes |
US2949358A (en) * | 1957-09-23 | 1960-08-16 | Du Pont | Reinforced heat resistant refractorymetal alloys |
US3271142A (en) * | 1965-02-25 | 1966-09-06 | Joseph P Hammond | Method for formulating master alloy compositions for use in dispersion hardened compacts |
DE1242810B (en) * | 1964-11-20 | 1967-06-22 | Plansee Metallwerk | Containers for holding molten metal, in particular molten iron and steel |
US3475159A (en) * | 1967-01-16 | 1969-10-28 | Dow Chemical Co | Method for preparing tungsten powders doped with refractory metal oxides |
-
1970
- 1970-02-02 AT AT90670A patent/AT294529B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1970-12-31 DE DE2064674A patent/DE2064674C3/en not_active Expired
-
1971
- 1971-01-11 NL NLAANVRAGE7100332,A patent/NL172343C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1971-01-18 GB GB1295413D patent/GB1295413A/en not_active Expired
- 1971-01-22 FR FR7102078A patent/FR2080429A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1971-01-25 BE BE761997A patent/BE761997A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1971-01-29 US US00111136A patent/US3791799A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1971-02-02 CH CH148671A patent/CH552067A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1971-02-02 JP JP713626A patent/JPS5440487B1/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2798808A (en) * | 1953-02-02 | 1957-07-09 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Method of introducing zirconia into tungsten powder preliminary to forming electrodes |
US2949358A (en) * | 1957-09-23 | 1960-08-16 | Du Pont | Reinforced heat resistant refractorymetal alloys |
DE1242810B (en) * | 1964-11-20 | 1967-06-22 | Plansee Metallwerk | Containers for holding molten metal, in particular molten iron and steel |
US3271142A (en) * | 1965-02-25 | 1966-09-06 | Joseph P Hammond | Method for formulating master alloy compositions for use in dispersion hardened compacts |
US3475159A (en) * | 1967-01-16 | 1969-10-28 | Dow Chemical Co | Method for preparing tungsten powders doped with refractory metal oxides |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
Goetzel, Treatise on Powder Metallurgy, 1950, Vol II pp. 685, TN695 60, Interscience Pub. * |
Harwood, The Metal Molybdenum, ASM, 1958, pp. 25 27, 29 & 30, TN799 M7U55. * |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4571983A (en) * | 1985-04-30 | 1986-02-25 | United Technologies Corporation | Refractory metal coated metal-working dies |
US4769346A (en) * | 1986-10-24 | 1988-09-06 | Corning Glass Works | Whisker composite ceramics for metal extrusion or the like |
US5645944A (en) * | 1994-08-01 | 1997-07-08 | Schwarzkopf Technologies Corp. | Application of molybdenum alloys |
US6090227A (en) * | 1997-05-09 | 2000-07-18 | Schwarzkopf Technologies Corp. | Structural units for glass melts made from a molybdenum/tungsten alloy |
CN103627940A (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2014-03-12 | 江西理工大学 | Powder metallurgical molybdenum base material applied to hot extrusion die and method for forming die |
CN103627940B (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2015-06-10 | 江西理工大学 | Powder metallurgical molybdenum base material applied to hot extrusion die and method for forming die |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BE761997A (en) | 1971-07-01 |
DE2064674C3 (en) | 1974-01-17 |
CH552067A (en) | 1974-07-31 |
AT294529B (en) | 1971-11-25 |
DE2064674B2 (en) | 1973-06-20 |
NL172343B (en) | 1983-03-16 |
GB1295413A (en) | 1972-11-08 |
NL7100332A (en) | 1971-08-04 |
FR2080429A5 (en) | 1971-11-12 |
NL172343C (en) | 1983-08-16 |
JPS5440487B1 (en) | 1979-12-04 |
DE2064674A1 (en) | 1972-02-03 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: SCHWARZKOPF TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION, A CORP. OF M Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:SCHWARZKOPF DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, A CORP. OF MD;REEL/FRAME:005931/0448 Effective date: 19910517 |