US3790215A - Recovery of ores and minerals while using ice as means of support in mined rooms - Google Patents

Recovery of ores and minerals while using ice as means of support in mined rooms Download PDF

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Publication number
US3790215A
US3790215A US00250052A US3790215DA US3790215A US 3790215 A US3790215 A US 3790215A US 00250052 A US00250052 A US 00250052A US 3790215D A US3790215D A US 3790215DA US 3790215 A US3790215 A US 3790215A
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ice
mining
ore
flowing
rate
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US00250052A
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H Fangel
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority claimed from NO2209/71A external-priority patent/NO126092B/no
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D19/00—Provisional protective covers for working space
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of supporting sidewalls or hanging rock in mine cavities while using ice as a supporting material. This has already previously been suggested. Thus, it is known from Norwegian Pat. No. 92.249 at first to mine part of the deposit by the room and pillar method and thereafter to fill the rooms with ice, whereafter the remaining pillars are mined out. In this known form the method is troublesome and even in the case of artificial cooling of the ice masses filled in, it can only be carried out to relatively small depths if the ice walls shall be capable of resisting the pressures occurring during the mining of the pillars.
  • An object of the present invention is to make use of the physical properties of ice for effecting a safe and economical recovery of ores and minerals without leaving pillars in the mines and hence to permit substantially complete recovery to be carried out without second mining.
  • a further object is to permit mining to be effected to relatively great depths in highly productive workings and large mine rooms while using equipment, the use of which has hitherto been restricted to work in open pits.
  • the main characteristic feature of the invention consists in that the filling of the mines with plastic flowing ice is effected progressively and continuously during the primary mining operation in the same speed and sequence as ore in front of or under the ice is mined and removed.
  • the capability of the ice to flow plastically under a static head is made use of for forming a constantly after-flowering protective roof under which it is possible to work safely during the mining of the ore. According to calculations effected it will thereby be possible to carry out the mining process at a cost of about 60 to percent of the usual costs for the recovery of ore in mines and also in deep open pits, because the removal of waste rock may be dispensed with.
  • the method can most easily be carried out by mining the ore level by level in a downward succession from a open pit floor or possibly under an existing glacier, whereby the weight of the ice itself can be made use of for affording the necessary supporting effect and desired speed of flow, and in that connection it is possible to adapt flowing speed and working rhythrnus mutually, so that the after-flowing will correspond to the mine working rhytmus.
  • the pressure may be modified by weighting or mixing the ice with masses of higher specific cavity or by placing hollow bodies in it, for example empty drums reducing the average specific gravity. It will also be possible, when required, to modify the fiowability of the ice locally by forced cooling.
  • FIG. la illustrates an initial phase of an ore recovering process in accordance with the invention, showing a vertical cross-section of the upper part of an area from which an ore deposit is to be mined out, taken at right angles to the main extension of the deposit, and b showing a section taken along the line BB in FIG. lain a plane oriented along the main extension of the deposit and projected onto a vertical plane.
  • FIG. 2a, FIG. 2b, FIG. 3a, FIG. 3b, FIG. 4a, and FIG. 4b illustrate in a corresponding manner successive later stages of the ore mining process.
  • the overburden layer 6, i.e., loose masses covering the outcrop of the ore, is removed both directly above the ore and on both sides to a distance of 5 to 10 meters.
  • the remaining loose masses are evened out to a slope of about 30 in order to'reduce washing out of sand into the future mine opening.
  • a second phase comprises recovery of as much ore as can be worked without removal of more than small amounts of side rock, mostly overhanging rock as indicated at 7 in FIG. 1a, where the ore does not extend vertically.
  • the recovery is preferably carried out so that the bottom of the open pit will be horizontal as indicated at 8 in FIG. la.
  • ice 9 into the open pit may be started, as indicated in FIG. 2a.
  • the temperature is below the freezing point, this may be done by spraying water in at a suitable rate.
  • water may be mixed with snow and ice from occurrences in the environment, but not more than that the snow is all the time completely soaked so that inhomogenity in the ice mass is avoided.
  • the freezing of ice can take place in horizontal layers largely as on a skating rink, but it may also be contemplated to spray the walls of the open pit so that the water will flow down as a film until it freezes.
  • a charging, drilling and loading tunnel is driven at an economic depth below the floor of the open pit.
  • An economic depth will depend on the thickness of the ore, on the strength of the ore and of the side rock and on the equipment used for the tunnel driving phase and for the subsequent operations. In Scandinavia the economic depth will at the present time be 25 to 30 meters. This distance is also used as a vertical distance when providing new levels by proceeding downwards in the deposit.
  • a first tunnel has been indicated at 10 in FIGS. 2a 3a and 3b, and a second one at 11 in FIGS. 3a, 3b, 4a and 412.
  • an opening is worked from the tunnel up to the floor 8 of the open pit, and the opening is enlarged into a slot 12, FIG. 2b, into which the first fan of the ore is blasted.
  • fans of drill holes 13 are, as illustrated in FIG. 3a, drilled systematically from the drilling tunnel 10 to the floor 8 of the open pit, to the boundaries 2 and 3 of the ore towards the side rock or possibly to the areas of other drilling tunnels.
  • the fan ought to extend throughout at least above horizontal, and economic considerations may even make it advisable to drill some holes below the horizontal so as to reduce the length of holes to be drilled from the level below.
  • the drilling of fans is continued systematically with equal spacing.
  • one or more fans are charged and blasted towards the slot 12 or to the mine cavity thus formed, alternating with loading and transport of the blasted ore 14 out through a tunnel and further to the surface.
  • the ice 9 filled into the open pit will gradually flow down behind the working front 15, and during flow its bottom face 16 will form a largely S-shaped curve while leaving an open space 17 behind the front. It will normally be safe to let both people and equipment advance into the space 17 so that practically all the blasted ore can be removed. It is then convenient to have mining rate and ice flowing rate geared to each other in such a manner that the space will constantly have suitable dimensions as a working room.
  • Pressure reductions may cause falling of ice blocks into the broken ore, which might be inconvenient for the later handling of the ore.
  • the demand for supplementing ice, that arises because of melting at the top, from the side rock and also from ventilating air in tunnels and working rooms etc., can easily be detected by measuring the height of the ice layer.
  • a method for the substantially complete recovery of ores or minerals from steeply extending formations while using ice as means of support for side and hanging rock walls comprising causing a mass of ice to flow under a static head into rooms being worked out for filling the latter, the filling with flowing ice being effected progressively during the primary mining successively to and at the same rate as ore in front of and below said ice is blasted and removed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
US00250052A 1971-06-11 1972-05-03 Recovery of ores and minerals while using ice as means of support in mined rooms Expired - Lifetime US3790215A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO2209/71A NO126092B (da) 1971-06-11 1971-06-11
SE7116199A SE389371B (sv) 1971-06-11 1971-12-17 Sett att uppstella sido- och/eller hengveggar och tak i gruvrum.

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US3790215A true US3790215A (en) 1974-02-05

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CA (1) CA961060A (da)
DK (1) DK143866C (da)
FI (1) FI53016C (da)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3917346A (en) * 1974-08-22 1975-11-04 Atlantic Richfield Co Method of blasting a subterranean deposit
US4377353A (en) * 1978-08-03 1983-03-22 Granges Ab Method of selective underground mining and stabilization of rock cavities
US4431349A (en) * 1982-04-14 1984-02-14 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours & Co. Ice-filled structure and tunnelling method for the egress and launching of deep-based missiles
US5746540A (en) * 1994-05-12 1998-05-05 Hindle; David J. Method of isolating a nuclear reactor or other large structures
WO2008072971A1 (en) * 2006-12-12 2008-06-19 Icemining Technology As Modification of flow velocity of industrially produced ice
RU2343283C1 (ru) * 2007-07-04 2009-01-10 Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Белгородский государственный университет" Способ разработки рыхлых руд глубокозалегающих месторождений
RU2804017C1 (ru) * 2023-04-18 2023-09-26 Сергей Николаевич Кошколда Способ комбинированной разработки месторождений полезных ископаемых

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1004418A (en) * 1911-03-06 1911-09-26 William Griffith Method of mining.
US1207569A (en) * 1913-03-11 1916-12-05 Arthur Langerfeld Mining and surface support.
US1233301A (en) * 1915-11-27 1917-07-17 John S Bartlett Mining system and means.

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1004418A (en) * 1911-03-06 1911-09-26 William Griffith Method of mining.
US1207569A (en) * 1913-03-11 1916-12-05 Arthur Langerfeld Mining and surface support.
US1233301A (en) * 1915-11-27 1917-07-17 John S Bartlett Mining system and means.

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3917346A (en) * 1974-08-22 1975-11-04 Atlantic Richfield Co Method of blasting a subterranean deposit
US4377353A (en) * 1978-08-03 1983-03-22 Granges Ab Method of selective underground mining and stabilization of rock cavities
US4431349A (en) * 1982-04-14 1984-02-14 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours & Co. Ice-filled structure and tunnelling method for the egress and launching of deep-based missiles
US5746540A (en) * 1994-05-12 1998-05-05 Hindle; David J. Method of isolating a nuclear reactor or other large structures
WO2008072971A1 (en) * 2006-12-12 2008-06-19 Icemining Technology As Modification of flow velocity of industrially produced ice
RU2343283C1 (ru) * 2007-07-04 2009-01-10 Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Белгородский государственный университет" Способ разработки рыхлых руд глубокозалегающих месторождений
RU2804017C1 (ru) * 2023-04-18 2023-09-26 Сергей Николаевич Кошколда Способ комбинированной разработки месторождений полезных ископаемых

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI53016B (da) 1977-09-30
DK143866C (da) 1982-04-05
DK143866B (da) 1981-10-19
CA961060A (en) 1975-01-14
FI53016C (da) 1978-01-10

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