US3789609A - Propulsion method using 1-isopropenyl-2-ferrocenoyl-carborane burning rate catalyst - Google Patents
Propulsion method using 1-isopropenyl-2-ferrocenoyl-carborane burning rate catalyst Download PDFInfo
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- US3789609A US3789609A US00085826A US3789609DA US3789609A US 3789609 A US3789609 A US 3789609A US 00085826 A US00085826 A US 00085826A US 3789609D A US3789609D A US 3789609DA US 3789609 A US3789609 A US 3789609A
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- burning rate
- isopropenyl
- propellant
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- carborane
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 abstract description 32
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- GDDNTTHUKVNJRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromo-3,3-difluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(Br)C=C GDDNTTHUKVNJRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- -1 decaborane Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002685 polymerization catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LGJCFVYMIJLQJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecylperoxydodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOOCCCCCCCCCCCC LGJCFVYMIJLQJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFUGQJXVXHBTEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroperoxy-2-(2-hydroperoxybutan-2-ylperoxy)butane Chemical compound CCC(C)(OO)OOC(C)(CC)OO WFUGQJXVXHBTEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FRIBMENBGGCKPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enal Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=CC=O)=C1OC FRIBMENBGGCKPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000237519 Bivalvia Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001345 alkine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- RAESLDWEUUSRLO-UHFFFAOYSA-O aminoazanium;nitrate Chemical compound [NH3+]N.[O-][N+]([O-])=O RAESLDWEUUSRLO-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- KHPLPBHMTCTCHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium chlorate Chemical compound N.OCl(=O)=O KHPLPBHMTCTCHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- VTDVIWPHJXANHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloro(cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)methanolate;cyclopenta-1,3-diene;iron(2+) Chemical compound [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.[O-]C(Cl)=C1C=CC=C1 VTDVIWPHJXANHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000020639 clam Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- JGDFBJMWFLXCLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper chromite Chemical compound [Cu]=O.[Cu]=O.O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O JGDFBJMWFLXCLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZAYXJCENRGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-J dipotassium;tetrabromoplatinum(2-) Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Pt+2] AXZAYXJCENRGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000011872 intimate mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940067606 lecithin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010445 lecithin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000787 lecithin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001451 organic peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002976 peresters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001487 potassium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/007—Ballistic modifiers, burning rate catalysts, burning rate depressing agents, e.g. for gas generating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B47/00—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase
- C06B47/02—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase the components comprising a binary propellant
- C06B47/10—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase the components comprising a binary propellant a component containing free boron, an organic borane or a binary compound of boron, except with oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F17/00—Metallocenes
- C07F17/02—Metallocenes of metals of Groups 8, 9 or 10 of the Periodic Table
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
- C07F5/02—Boron compounds
- C07F5/027—Organoboranes and organoborohydrides
Definitions
- Burning rate catalysts have long been employed to achieve rapid burning propellant compositions.
- Examples of prior art acceleration burning rate catalysts are ferric oxide and copper chromite.
- Compounds of the ferrocene type have also been used as acceleration burning rate catalysts. Examples are ferrocene, normalbutylferrocene and a wide variety of other ferrocene compounds.
- decaborane alkyl-decaboranes mixtures such as l-lEF-3(consisting on a weight basis of 67% monoethyldecaborane, 26% diethyldecaborane, 2.5% triethyldecaborane, and 4.5% decaborane
- isopropenylcarborane have also been employed as catalysts for use in propellant compositions.
- This invention is concerned with a means for increasing the burning rate of the propellant composition, and particularly, the catalyst which provides the means.
- An object of this invention is to provide a novel acceleration burning rate catalyst for use in a propellant composition.
- a particular object of this invention is to provide such a catalyst of the ferrocene type combined in a carborane compound.
- l-isopropenyl-Z-ferrocenoylcarborane may be employed as an acceleration burning rate catalyst in order to promote the burning rates of propellant composil-isopropenyl-2-ferrocenoylcarborane can be syn- Qlesrzed according to the following procedure:
- the present invention makes use of the above described isopropenyl-carborane-ferrocene compound as a catalyst for solid propellant compositions.
- the desirable catalytic properties of the carborane and ferrocene catalysts are made available in the same molecule.
- the catalyst compound of this invention has properties which are desirable for the described application; these properties include the following characteristics: easily blendable with other propellant ingredients, remain distributed in a composition without migration, low volatility, and burnable at a controlled rate in a propellant composition when subjected to a wide range of environmental pressures.
- Burning rate (in./sec.) at 500 psi 0.43 0.82 0.18 0.24 Burning rate (in./sec.) at 1000 psi 0.60 1.00 0.26 0.32 Burning rate (in./sec.) at 1500 psi 0.77 1.15 0.34 0.42 Burning rate (in./sec.) at 2000 psi 0.87 1.25 0.41 0.48
- l-isopropenyl-2-ferrocenoyl-carborane may be employed in propellant compositions in amounts of from I
- the propellant compositions in which the novel acceleration burning rate catalyst of this invention is employed usually contains an oxidizing material and a combustible organic resin fuel.
- the oxidizing material is usually an inorganic oxidizing salt.
- Metal salts such as potassium perchlorate, are often used; however, upon combustion they form solid particles whichcreate large quantities of visible smoke.
- Smoke is highly undesirable for military purposes of concealment.
- Metallic salts useful in such propellant compositions are considerably more expensive than the corresponding ammonium salts.
- non-smoking, non-metallic, inorganic oxidizing salts such ashydrazine and ammonium salts are preferred in such applications.
- Inorganic oxidizing salts useful in the practice of this invention are nonmetallic chlorate, perchlorate and nitrate salts such as ammonium nitrate, ammonium chlorate, ammonium perchlorate and hydrazine nitrate.
- the inorganic oxidizing salt or other oxidizing material, in a finely divided condition, is dispersed throughout the fuel component of the propellant. Ordinarily, the oxidizer is present in an amount of from about 45% to about 90% by weight of the total propellant composition.
- Combustible organic resinous fuels useful in the practice of this invention include: asphalt, polymers of copolymers of alkenes, arylalkenes, alkynes, alkenyl diglycols, alkyl alkenoates, alkenyl alkenoates, alkenoamides, and amido-alkenyls, and unsaturated alkyd resins heteropolymerized with the above compounds.
- the fuel is present in an amount of from about to about 35% by weight of the propellant composition.
- this catalyst can also be used in propellant compositions utilizing fuel components such as polymers of nitroalkenes, nitroalkynes, nitro-containing acids and their esters, as well as other combustible organic polymeric materials.
- the acceleration burning rate catalyst herein described is usually incorporated into the propellant compositions in finely divided form and is mixed with the fuel and other ingredients at the same time the oxidizer is mixed.
- the various monomers, oxidizer, burning rate catalyst and a polymerization catalyst, together with any other ingredients desired are mixed together until a homogeneous mixture is obtained, and then the mixture is cured in a mold by heating. Typically, heatingat a temperature of about C. for a period of about 5 days is sufficient to form the desired final propellant composition.
- the polymerization catalysts usually employed in such propellant compositions are organic peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide, lauryl peroxide, acetobenzoyl peroxide, ditertiary butyl peroxide, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, l-hydroxy-cyclohexyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, and cycloalkane hydrocarbon peroxide, and peresters such as tertiary butyl perbenzoate and diperphthalate.
- lecithin can be added to improve the castability of the uncured propellant.
- t-Butyl cathecol or cobalt Z-ethyl hexanoate is often added as a polymerization modifier.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymerization Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
1-isopropenyl-2-ferrocenoylcarborane. This compound may be employed as an acceleration burning rate catalyst in order to promote the burning rates of propellant compositions such as solid composite propellant compositions.
Description
Unite States Patent Hill Feb. 5, 1974 PROPULSION METHOD USING 1-ISOPROPENYL-Z-FERROCENOYL- 5 R f r Cited CARBORANE BURNING RATE CATALYST UNITED STATES PATENTS [75] Inventor: William Huntsville 3,257,801 6/1966 Martinez et a1 7. 0/219 [73] Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Primary Examiner-Leland A. Sebastian Army, Washington, DC. Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Edward J. Kelly; Herbert 22 Filed: 06. 30, 1970 James Demo [21] Appl. No.: 85,826 [57] STRACT Refined Appiicafio Dam 1-isopropenyl-2-ferrocenoylcarborane. This coml Division Of 805,335, March 7, 1969- pound may be employed as an acceleration burning rate catalyst in order to promote the burning rates of U.S. propellant compositions uch as olid omposite propellant ompositions [51] Int. Cl. F231 1/18 58 Field of Search 60/219 2 Clams, N0 Drawings PROPULSION METHOD USING l-ISOPROPENYL-2-FERROCENOYL-CARBORANE BURNING RATE CATALYST This application is a division of copending application Ser. No. 805,385 filed Mar. 7, 1969.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The desirability of rapid burning propellant compositions for rocket and ordnance projections is well established. Burning rate catalysts have long been employed to achieve rapid burning propellant compositions. Examples of prior art acceleration burning rate catalysts are ferric oxide and copper chromite. Compounds of the ferrocene type have also been used as acceleration burning rate catalysts. Examples are ferrocene, normalbutylferrocene and a wide variety of other ferrocene compounds. Other compounds and compositions, such as decaborane, alkyl-decaboranes mixtures such as l-lEF-3(consisting on a weight basis of 67% monoethyldecaborane, 26% diethyldecaborane, 2.5% triethyldecaborane, and 4.5% decaborane), and isopropenylcarborane have also been employed as catalysts for use in propellant compositions. For further information about the use of the above type compounds refer to U.S. Pat. No. 3,386,869.
Thus, a constant need exists in solid propellant rocketry for continued improvement to fuels, binders, processing aids, and catalysts to promote burning. This invention is concerned with a means for increasing the burning rate of the propellant composition, and particularly, the catalyst which provides the means.
An object of this invention is to provide a novel acceleration burning rate catalyst for use in a propellant composition.
A particular object of this invention is to provide such a catalyst of the ferrocene type combined in a carborane compound.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION l-isopropenyl-Z-ferrocenoylcarborane may be employed as an acceleration burning rate catalyst in order to promote the burning rates of propellant composil-isopropenyl-2-ferrocenoylcarborane can be syn- Qlesrzed according to the following procedure:
An equimolar amount of ferrocenoyl chloride and lithio-isopropenylcarborene are mixed in diethyl ether at reflux temperature and allowed to reflux for one hour. The reaction mixture is then quenched with water. After shaking the mixture, the water layer is removed and discarded. The ether is removed under vacuum. The dark red oil obtained is eluted over silica gel yielding the desired solid product l-isopropenyl-Z-ferrocenoylcarborane (FeC H B O) Calculated for FeC I-I B O: C for this compound is 48.50. The C found is 49.00. The calculated %H for this compound is 6.06. The I-I found is 5.98.
The present invention makes use of the above described isopropenyl-carborane-ferrocene compound as a catalyst for solid propellant compositions. Thus, the desirable catalytic properties of the carborane and ferrocene catalysts are made available in the same molecule. The catalyst compound of this invention has properties which are desirable for the described application; these properties include the following characteristics: easily blendable with other propellant ingredients, remain distributed in a composition without migration, low volatility, and burnable at a controlled rate in a propellant composition when subjected to a wide range of environmental pressures.
The product, l-isopropenyl-2-ferrocenoylcarborane, was used in solid, composite propellant compositions in an amount of about 5% by weight of the total propellant weight to test the effect on the burning rate. The burning rate was increased as shown by the following table showing the burning rates of uncured straw protions such as solid composite propellant compositions. pellant compositions A B C, and
A B C D control novel control novel Formulation, wt.
carboxy-terminated polybutadiene 22 17 45 40 emm niantp sh gmiflie)... 2 78 Ammonium perchlorate (100p) 55 l-isopropenyl Z-ferrocenoylcarborane 5 5 Properties:
Burning rate (in./sec.) at 500 psi 0.43 0.82 0.18 0.24 Burning rate (in./sec.) at 1000 psi 0.60 1.00 0.26 0.32 Burning rate (in./sec.) at 1500 psi 0.77 1.15 0.34 0.42 Burning rate (in./sec.) at 2000 psi 0.87 1.25 0.41 0.48
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS l-isopropenyl-2-ferrocenoyl-carborane may be employed in propellant compositions in amounts of from I The propellant compositions in which the novel acceleration burning rate catalyst of this invention is employed usually contains an oxidizing material and a combustible organic resin fuel.
The oxidizing material is usually an inorganic oxidizing salt. Metal salts, such as potassium perchlorate, are often used; however, upon combustion they form solid particles whichcreate large quantities of visible smoke.
Smoke is highly undesirable for military purposes of concealment. Metallic salts useful in such propellant compositions are considerably more expensive than the corresponding ammonium salts. Hence, non-smoking, non-metallic, inorganic oxidizing salts such ashydrazine and ammonium salts are preferred in such applications.
Inorganic oxidizing salts useful in the practice of this invention are nonmetallic chlorate, perchlorate and nitrate salts such as ammonium nitrate, ammonium chlorate, ammonium perchlorate and hydrazine nitrate. The inorganic oxidizing salt or other oxidizing material, in a finely divided condition, is dispersed throughout the fuel component of the propellant. Ordinarily, the oxidizer is present in an amount of from about 45% to about 90% by weight of the total propellant composition.
Combustible organic resinous fuels useful in the practice of this invention include: asphalt, polymers of copolymers of alkenes, arylalkenes, alkynes, alkenyl diglycols, alkyl alkenoates, alkenyl alkenoates, alkenoamides, and amido-alkenyls, and unsaturated alkyd resins heteropolymerized with the above compounds. Ordinarily, the fuel is present in an amount of from about to about 35% by weight of the propellant composition.
The particular fuel employed in the propellant composition does not affect the function of the acceleration burning rate catalyst of this invention. In addition to the type of propellant compositions described above, this catalyst can also be used in propellant compositions utilizing fuel components such as polymers of nitroalkenes, nitroalkynes, nitro-containing acids and their esters, as well as other combustible organic polymeric materials.
The acceleration burning rate catalyst herein described is usually incorporated into the propellant compositions in finely divided form and is mixed with the fuel and other ingredients at the same time the oxidizer is mixed. Thus, in preparing the propellant compositions used with the novel acceleration burning rate catalyst of this invention, the various monomers, oxidizer, burning rate catalyst and a polymerization catalyst, together with any other ingredients desired, are mixed together until a homogeneous mixture is obtained, and then the mixture is cured in a mold by heating. Typically, heatingat a temperature of about C. for a period of about 5 days is sufficient to form the desired final propellant composition.
The polymerization catalysts usually employed in such propellant compositions are organic peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide, lauryl peroxide, acetobenzoyl peroxide, ditertiary butyl peroxide, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, l-hydroxy-cyclohexyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, and cycloalkane hydrocarbon peroxide, and peresters such as tertiary butyl perbenzoate and diperphthalate.
Various other ingredients can also be added for specific purposes without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, lecithin can be added to improve the castability of the uncured propellant. t-Butyl cathecol or cobalt Z-ethyl hexanoate is often added as a polymerization modifier.
I claim:
1. In a method of producing thrust for propulsion by burning a propellant composition in a chamber wherein said propellant composition consists essentially of a cured intimate mixture of a solid inorganic oxidizing salt and combustible organic resin, the improvement which comprises burning said propellant composition in the presence of the burning rate catalyst lisopropenyl-2-ferrocenoylcarborane.
2. The method of claim 1 and wherein said catalyst is employed in amounts by weight from about 1 percent to about 10 percent of said mixture.
Claims (1)
- 2. The method of claim 1 and wherein said catalyst is employed in amounts by weight from about 1 percent to about 10 percent of said mixture.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US04/805,385 US3962297A (en) | 1969-03-07 | 1969-03-07 | High burning rate catalyst |
| US8582670A | 1970-10-30 | 1970-10-30 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3789609A true US3789609A (en) | 1974-02-05 |
Family
ID=26773138
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00085826A Expired - Lifetime US3789609A (en) | 1969-03-07 | 1970-10-30 | Propulsion method using 1-isopropenyl-2-ferrocenoyl-carborane burning rate catalyst |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3789609A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4026912A (en) * | 1971-03-03 | 1977-05-31 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Carboranyldiferrocenylmethyl perchlorate |
| US6017404A (en) * | 1998-12-23 | 2000-01-25 | Atlantic Research Corporation | Nonazide ammonium nitrate based gas generant compositions that burn at ambient pressure |
| US20160159708A1 (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2016-06-09 | Raytheon Company | Ferrocenyl bonding agent oxidizers |
| CN109824737A (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2019-05-31 | 上海应用技术大学 | A kind of half sandwich complex of iridium and its preparation and application |
| CN110016061A (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2019-07-16 | 上海应用技术大学 | Ruthenium complex of the benzimidazole structure containing carborane radical and the preparation method and application thereof |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3257801A (en) * | 1962-07-09 | 1966-06-28 | North American Aviation Inc | Pyrotechnic composition comprising solid oxidizer, boron and aluminum additive and binder |
-
1970
- 1970-10-30 US US00085826A patent/US3789609A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3257801A (en) * | 1962-07-09 | 1966-06-28 | North American Aviation Inc | Pyrotechnic composition comprising solid oxidizer, boron and aluminum additive and binder |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4026912A (en) * | 1971-03-03 | 1977-05-31 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Carboranyldiferrocenylmethyl perchlorate |
| US6017404A (en) * | 1998-12-23 | 2000-01-25 | Atlantic Research Corporation | Nonazide ammonium nitrate based gas generant compositions that burn at ambient pressure |
| US6123790A (en) * | 1998-12-23 | 2000-09-26 | Atlantic Research Corporation | Nonazide ammonium nitrate based gas generant compositions that burn at ambient pressure |
| US20160159708A1 (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2016-06-09 | Raytheon Company | Ferrocenyl bonding agent oxidizers |
| JP2018500269A (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2018-01-11 | レイセオン カンパニー | Ferrocenyl binder oxidizing agent |
| US10196324B2 (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2019-02-05 | Raytheon Company | Ferrocenyl bonding agent oxidizers |
| CN109824737A (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2019-05-31 | 上海应用技术大学 | A kind of half sandwich complex of iridium and its preparation and application |
| CN109824737B (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2021-03-05 | 上海应用技术大学 | Half-sandwich iridium complex and preparation and application thereof |
| CN110016061A (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2019-07-16 | 上海应用技术大学 | Ruthenium complex of the benzimidazole structure containing carborane radical and the preparation method and application thereof |
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