US3787871A - Terminator for spiral antenna - Google Patents

Terminator for spiral antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
US3787871A
US3787871A US00121606A US3787871DA US3787871A US 3787871 A US3787871 A US 3787871A US 00121606 A US00121606 A US 00121606A US 3787871D A US3787871D A US 3787871DA US 3787871 A US3787871 A US 3787871A
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United States
Prior art keywords
antenna
spiral
radiators
radiator
arms
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00121606A
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J Reese
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US Department of Navy
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US Department of Navy
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/26—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole with folded element or elements, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of operating wavelength
    • H01Q9/27—Spiral antennas

Definitions

  • the antenna radiating elements In order to achieve an equiangular spiral direction finding antenna which is frequency independent and will operate for any polarization, the antenna radiating elements must be so loaded as to simulate an infinite radiating plane. In prior devices loading is accomplished by physically mounting radio frequency resistive material to the radiating surface of the antenna.
  • the material is often ferrite filled epoxy, machined to close tolerances in an annular shape, and attached to the antenna at its outermost part. Viewed in cross section, the material is seen as attached at the full diameter of the antenna substrate, and sloping away from the surface of the antenna, in a covering relationship, toward its center. That is, the material is a ferrite loaded epoxy washer having a wedge shaped cross section, wherein the thickest portion of the wedge is attached to the antenna substrate at its outer edge and the thinnest portion of the wedge extends toward the center of the antenna in covering relationship to the radiators, in order to provide gradual resistive coupling to the antenna.
  • the antennas physical dimension and weight are increased. Its depth is increased by the thickness of the material. Its diameter by the surface outside the radiating area required for mounting the material; and its weight by the weight of the resistive material, which is primarily iron. Additionally, because of the proximity of the material to the radiating surface the antenna frequency band is limited and its sensitivity is reduced.
  • the present invention is a means for loading the antenna by encircling the radiating elements with a plurality of interlocking spirals, wherein each of the spirals is attached to a radiating element.
  • These spirals are, in general, Archimedean spirals consisting of elements having constant width, and spacing between adjacent element equal to the elements width.
  • FIGURE is a diagrammatical view of the present invention.
  • the present invention which is a means for terminating the radiating elements of a spiral antenna is shown in the FIGURE.
  • the spiral antenna shown is composed of two radiating elements 10 and 12, the present invention can be used with spiral antennas having any number of radiators.
  • arms 14 and 16 couple and provide resistive loading for radiators l0 and 12, which simulates an infinite radiating plane.
  • the present invention is implemented as follows: at the radius determined by the parameters defining the intended use (frequency range, etc.), the width of radiating elements 10 and 12 are decreased and converted into interlocking Archimedean spirals 14 and 16, wherein the spacing between adjacent arms 14 and 16 equal the arm width.
  • the arms may be of any length, approximately four revolutions by each arm provides satisfactory results'for at least some applications.
  • the spiral antenna and terminating means may be produced by etching copper clad epoxy glass board.
  • the negative used for etching may be a photocopy of a spiral drawing wherein the design is determined by the antennas intended use.
  • the terminating means may be constructed from wires wound in the preferred spirals and soldered to the ends of radiators 10 and 12.
  • the present invention is not limited to the embodiment shown, but may be utilized with spiral antennas having any number of radiating elements.
  • An antenna array comprising;
  • radiator termination means having at least a separate spiral member coupled to each said radiator and encircling said plurality of radiators for simulating an infinite radiating plane.
  • each said member is an electrically conductive material in the shape of an Archimedean spiral fixedly attached to each said radiator, such that each said radiator has one electrically conductive Archimedean spiral arm attached thereto.
  • each said spiral arm is equal to the width of the separation between adjacent spiral arms.
  • said antenna comprises a copper clad epoxy glass board wherein said radiators and said spiral arms are etched.
  • said antenna comprises a copper clad epoxy glass board wherein said radiators are etched, and electrically conductive wire in the shape of an Archimedean spiral attached to each radiator.

Abstract

A spiral antenna wherein its radiating elements terminate in Archimedean spirals.

Description

United States Patent 1 1 1111 3,787,871
Reese v Jan. 22, 1974 [54] TERMINATOR FOR SPIRAL ANTENNA 3,618,114 11/1971 343/895 2,863,145 12/ 43/895 [75] Inventor: Joe Reese, China Lake, Calif. v
[73] Assignee: The United States of America as 1 represented y h Secretary of the Primary Examiner-Eli Lieberman Navy, Washington, DC Attorney, Agent, or Firm-R. S. Sciascia; Roy Miller; 221 Filed: Mar. 3, 1971 Adams [21] Appl. No.: 121,606
[52] US. Cl. 343/895 57 ABSTRACT [51] Int. Cl. H0111 H36 [58] Field of Search 343/895 A spu'al antenna wherem lts radlatlng elements terml- 5 Referenc'es Cited nate in Archimedean spirals.
UNITED STATES PATENTS l 5/1962 343/895 Claims, 1 Drawing Figure INVENTOR.
JOE REESE BYZ ROY MILLER ROBERT W. ADAM S ATTORNEYS.
TERMINATOR FOR SPIRAL ANTENNA STATEMENT OF GOVERNMENT INTEREST The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the Government of the United States of America for governmental purposes without the payment of any royalties thereon or therefor.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In order to achieve an equiangular spiral direction finding antenna which is frequency independent and will operate for any polarization, the antenna radiating elements must be so loaded as to simulate an infinite radiating plane. In prior devices loading is accomplished by physically mounting radio frequency resistive material to the radiating surface of the antenna.
The material is often ferrite filled epoxy, machined to close tolerances in an annular shape, and attached to the antenna at its outermost part. Viewed in cross section, the material is seen as attached at the full diameter of the antenna substrate, and sloping away from the surface of the antenna, in a covering relationship, toward its center. That is, the material is a ferrite loaded epoxy washer having a wedge shaped cross section, wherein the thickest portion of the wedge is attached to the antenna substrate at its outer edge and the thinnest portion of the wedge extends toward the center of the antenna in covering relationship to the radiators, in order to provide gradual resistive coupling to the antenna.
As a result, the antennas physical dimension and weight are increased. Its depth is increased by the thickness of the material. Its diameter by the surface outside the radiating area required for mounting the material; and its weight by the weight of the resistive material, which is primarily iron. Additionally, because of the proximity of the material to the radiating surface the antenna frequency band is limited and its sensitivity is reduced.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is a means for loading the antenna by encircling the radiating elements with a plurality of interlocking spirals, wherein each of the spirals is attached to a radiating element. These spirals are, in general, Archimedean spirals consisting of elements having constant width, and spacing between adjacent element equal to the elements width.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING The FIGURE is a diagrammatical view of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT The present invention which is a means for terminating the radiating elements of a spiral antenna is shown in the FIGURE. Although the spiral antenna shown is composed of two radiating elements 10 and 12, the present invention can be used with spiral antennas having any number of radiators.
is equal to the width of arm 16, and the spacing between adjacent arms 14 and 16 is equal to the arm width. By interlocking, arms 14 and 16 couple and provide resistive loading for radiators l0 and 12, which simulates an infinite radiating plane.
The present invention is implemented as follows: at the radius determined by the parameters defining the intended use (frequency range, etc.), the width of radiating elements 10 and 12 are decreased and converted into interlocking Archimedean spirals 14 and 16, wherein the spacing between adjacent arms 14 and 16 equal the arm width. Although the arms may be of any length, approximately four revolutions by each arm provides satisfactory results'for at least some applications.
The spiral antenna and terminating means may be produced by etching copper clad epoxy glass board. The negative used for etching may be a photocopy of a spiral drawing wherein the design is determined by the antennas intended use. In the alternative, as an example, the terminating means may be constructed from wires wound in the preferred spirals and soldered to the ends of radiators 10 and 12.
As mentioned above, the present invention is not limited to the embodiment shown, but may be utilized with spiral antennas having any number of radiating elements.
What is claimed is:
1. An antenna array comprising;
a plurality of interwound spiral radiators, and
radiator termination means having at least a separate spiral member coupled to each said radiator and encircling said plurality of radiators for simulating an infinite radiating plane.
2. The antenna of claim I wherein each said member is an electrically conductive material in the shape of an Archimedean spiral fixedly attached to each said radiator, such that each said radiator has one electrically conductive Archimedean spiral arm attached thereto.
3. The antenna of claim 2 wherein the Archimedean spiral arms interlock such that the spiral arms attached to adjacent radiators are adjacent.
4. The antenna of claim 3 wherein the width of each said spiral arm is equal to the width of the separation between adjacent spiral arms.
5. The antenna of claim 4 wherein said antenna comprises a copper clad epoxy glass board wherein said radiators and said spiral arms are etched.
6. The antenna of claim 4 wherein said antenna comprises a copper clad epoxy glass board wherein said radiators are etched, and electrically conductive wire in the shape of an Archimedean spiral attached to each radiator.
7. The antenna of claim 4 wherein the length of said arms is such that each said arm encircles said radiators four times.

Claims (7)

1. An antenna array comprising; a plurality of interwound spiral radiators, and radiator termination means having at least a separate spiral member coupled to each said radiator and encircling said plurality of radiators for simulating an infinite radiating plane.
2. The antenna of claim 1 wherein each said member is an electrically conductive material in the shape of an Archimedean spiral fixedly attached to each said radiator, such that each said radiator has one electrically conductive Archimedean spiral arm attached thereto.
3. The antenna of claim 2 wherein the Archimedean spiral arms interlock such that the spiral arms attached to adjacent radiators are adjacent.
4. The antenna of claim 3 wherein the width of each said spiral arm is equal to the width of the separation between adjacent spiral arms.
5. The antenna of claim 4 wherein said antenna comprises a copper clad epoxy glass board wherein said radiators and said spiral arms are etched.
6. The antenna of claim 4 wherein said antenna comprises a copper clad epoxy glass board wherein said radiators are etched, and electrically conductive wire in the shape of an Archimedean spiral attached to each radiator.
7. The antenna of claim 4 wherein the length of said arms is such that each said arm encircles said radiators four times.
US00121606A 1971-03-03 1971-03-03 Terminator for spiral antenna Expired - Lifetime US3787871A (en)

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Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3969732A (en) * 1975-04-24 1976-07-13 Holloway Albert L Spiral antenna circuit
FR2304191A1 (en) * 1975-03-12 1976-10-08 Harris Corp DIRECTOR ANTENNA INSENSITIVE TO THE POLARIZATION OF THE ENERGY RECEIVED
US4012744A (en) * 1975-10-20 1977-03-15 Itek Corporation Helix-loaded spiral antenna
JPS5372450U (en) * 1976-11-19 1978-06-17
US4243993A (en) * 1979-11-13 1981-01-06 The Boeing Company Broadband center-fed spiral antenna
US4287603A (en) * 1979-08-23 1981-09-01 The Bendix Corporation Radiated input mixer
US4559539A (en) * 1983-07-18 1985-12-17 American Electronic Laboratories, Inc. Spiral antenna deformed to receive another antenna
US4605934A (en) * 1984-08-02 1986-08-12 The Boeing Company Broad band spiral antenna with tapered arm width modulation
US4823145A (en) * 1986-09-12 1989-04-18 University Patents, Inc. Curved microstrip antennas
DE4310070A1 (en) * 1993-03-27 1994-09-29 Deutsches Krebsforsch Hyperthermy applicator
EP0747992A2 (en) * 1995-06-06 1996-12-11 Hughes Missile Systems Company Common aperture isolated dual frequency band antenna
US5640170A (en) * 1995-06-05 1997-06-17 Polhemus Incorporated Position and orientation measuring system having anti-distortion source configuration
US5712647A (en) * 1994-06-28 1998-01-27 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Spiral microstrip antenna with resistance
DE4032891A1 (en) * 1989-08-03 1998-05-28 Dassault Electronique Spiral antenna arrangement
US6300918B1 (en) * 1999-12-22 2001-10-09 Trw Inc. Conformal, low RCS, wideband, phased array antenna for satellite communications applications
JP2013074409A (en) * 2011-09-27 2013-04-22 Toshiba Denpa Products Kk Spiral antenna and element termination processing method therefor
US20140328666A1 (en) * 2008-06-24 2014-11-06 Diana Michaels Christopher Bezentropic Bladeless Turbine
USD731349S1 (en) * 2013-08-22 2015-06-09 Peter J Erickson Ring
US9733353B1 (en) * 2014-01-16 2017-08-15 L-3 Communications Security And Detection Systems, Inc. Offset feed antennas
CN109546302A (en) * 2018-11-01 2019-03-29 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 A kind of miniaturization circular polarized antenna
CN109917250A (en) * 2019-04-04 2019-06-21 华北电力大学（保定） Detect the multifrequency point wide frequency antenna and its design method of local discharge of electrical equipment
US11079544B2 (en) 2019-08-05 2021-08-03 Globalfoundries U.S. Inc. Waveguide absorbers
US11092743B2 (en) 2020-01-22 2021-08-17 GLOBALFOUNDRIES U.S, Inc. Waveguide absorbers
US11316064B2 (en) 2020-05-29 2022-04-26 Globalfoundries U.S. Inc. Photodiode and/or PIN diode structures
US11322639B2 (en) 2020-04-09 2022-05-03 Globalfoundries U.S. Inc. Avalanche photodiode
US11353654B2 (en) 2020-09-24 2022-06-07 Globalfoundries U.S. Inc. Waveguide absorbers
US11353651B2 (en) 2020-11-02 2022-06-07 Globalfoundries U.S. Inc. Multi-mode optical waveguide structures with isolated absorbers
US11378747B2 (en) 2020-07-02 2022-07-05 Globalfoundries U.S. Inc. Waveguide attenuator
US11424377B2 (en) 2020-10-08 2022-08-23 Globalfoundries U.S. Inc. Photodiode with integrated, light focusing element
US11611002B2 (en) 2020-07-22 2023-03-21 Globalfoundries U.S. Inc. Photodiode and/or pin diode structures
US11949034B2 (en) 2022-06-24 2024-04-02 Globalfoundries U.S. Inc. Photodetector with dual doped semiconductor material

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2863145A (en) * 1955-10-19 1958-12-02 Edwin M Turner Spiral slot antenna
US3034121A (en) * 1959-12-23 1962-05-08 Henry B Riblet Broad band spherical antenna
US3618114A (en) * 1968-12-16 1971-11-02 Univ Ohio State Res Found Conical logarithmic-spiral antenna

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2863145A (en) * 1955-10-19 1958-12-02 Edwin M Turner Spiral slot antenna
US3034121A (en) * 1959-12-23 1962-05-08 Henry B Riblet Broad band spherical antenna
US3618114A (en) * 1968-12-16 1971-11-02 Univ Ohio State Res Found Conical logarithmic-spiral antenna

Cited By (40)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2304191A1 (en) * 1975-03-12 1976-10-08 Harris Corp DIRECTOR ANTENNA INSENSITIVE TO THE POLARIZATION OF THE ENERGY RECEIVED
US3969732A (en) * 1975-04-24 1976-07-13 Holloway Albert L Spiral antenna circuit
US4012744A (en) * 1975-10-20 1977-03-15 Itek Corporation Helix-loaded spiral antenna
DE2642013A1 (en) * 1975-10-20 1977-05-05 Itek Corp ANTENNA ARRANGEMENT
JPS5372450U (en) * 1976-11-19 1978-06-17
US4287603A (en) * 1979-08-23 1981-09-01 The Bendix Corporation Radiated input mixer
US4243993A (en) * 1979-11-13 1981-01-06 The Boeing Company Broadband center-fed spiral antenna
US4559539A (en) * 1983-07-18 1985-12-17 American Electronic Laboratories, Inc. Spiral antenna deformed to receive another antenna
US4605934A (en) * 1984-08-02 1986-08-12 The Boeing Company Broad band spiral antenna with tapered arm width modulation
US4823145A (en) * 1986-09-12 1989-04-18 University Patents, Inc. Curved microstrip antennas
DE4032891A1 (en) * 1989-08-03 1998-05-28 Dassault Electronique Spiral antenna arrangement
DE4032891C2 (en) * 1989-08-03 1999-04-22 Dassault Electronique Broadband antenna arrangement
US6166708A (en) * 1989-08-03 2000-12-26 Dassault Electronique Apparatus perfected arrangement of spiral antennas
DE4310070A1 (en) * 1993-03-27 1994-09-29 Deutsches Krebsforsch Hyperthermy applicator
US5712647A (en) * 1994-06-28 1998-01-27 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Spiral microstrip antenna with resistance
US5640170A (en) * 1995-06-05 1997-06-17 Polhemus Incorporated Position and orientation measuring system having anti-distortion source configuration
EP0747992A2 (en) * 1995-06-06 1996-12-11 Hughes Missile Systems Company Common aperture isolated dual frequency band antenna
US5619218A (en) * 1995-06-06 1997-04-08 Hughes Missile Systems Company Common aperture isolated dual frequency band antenna
EP0747992A3 (en) * 1995-06-06 1998-09-16 Hughes Missile Systems Company Common aperture isolated dual frequency band antenna
US6300918B1 (en) * 1999-12-22 2001-10-09 Trw Inc. Conformal, low RCS, wideband, phased array antenna for satellite communications applications
US20140328666A1 (en) * 2008-06-24 2014-11-06 Diana Michaels Christopher Bezentropic Bladeless Turbine
JP2013074409A (en) * 2011-09-27 2013-04-22 Toshiba Denpa Products Kk Spiral antenna and element termination processing method therefor
USD731349S1 (en) * 2013-08-22 2015-06-09 Peter J Erickson Ring
US9733353B1 (en) * 2014-01-16 2017-08-15 L-3 Communications Security And Detection Systems, Inc. Offset feed antennas
CN109546302A (en) * 2018-11-01 2019-03-29 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 A kind of miniaturization circular polarized antenna
CN109917250A (en) * 2019-04-04 2019-06-21 华北电力大学（保定） Detect the multifrequency point wide frequency antenna and its design method of local discharge of electrical equipment
CN109917250B (en) * 2019-04-04 2021-04-23 华北电力大学（保定） Multi-frequency-point broadband antenna for detecting partial discharge of electrical equipment and design method thereof
US11079544B2 (en) 2019-08-05 2021-08-03 Globalfoundries U.S. Inc. Waveguide absorbers
US11092743B2 (en) 2020-01-22 2021-08-17 GLOBALFOUNDRIES U.S, Inc. Waveguide absorbers
US11322639B2 (en) 2020-04-09 2022-05-03 Globalfoundries U.S. Inc. Avalanche photodiode
US11316064B2 (en) 2020-05-29 2022-04-26 Globalfoundries U.S. Inc. Photodiode and/or PIN diode structures
US11378747B2 (en) 2020-07-02 2022-07-05 Globalfoundries U.S. Inc. Waveguide attenuator
US11693184B2 (en) 2020-07-02 2023-07-04 Globalfoundries U.S. Inc. Waveguide attenuator
US11611002B2 (en) 2020-07-22 2023-03-21 Globalfoundries U.S. Inc. Photodiode and/or pin diode structures
US11353654B2 (en) 2020-09-24 2022-06-07 Globalfoundries U.S. Inc. Waveguide absorbers
US11747562B2 (en) 2020-09-24 2023-09-05 Globalfoundries U.S. Inc. Waveguide absorbers
US11424377B2 (en) 2020-10-08 2022-08-23 Globalfoundries U.S. Inc. Photodiode with integrated, light focusing element
US11664470B2 (en) 2020-10-08 2023-05-30 Globalfoundries U.S. Inc. Photodiode with integrated, self-aligned light focusing element
US11353651B2 (en) 2020-11-02 2022-06-07 Globalfoundries U.S. Inc. Multi-mode optical waveguide structures with isolated absorbers
US11949034B2 (en) 2022-06-24 2024-04-02 Globalfoundries U.S. Inc. Photodetector with dual doped semiconductor material

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