US3784325A - Method of and apparatus for the gas-lift withdrawal of a liquid from a subterranean space - Google Patents

Method of and apparatus for the gas-lift withdrawal of a liquid from a subterranean space Download PDF

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Publication number
US3784325A
US3784325A US00255822A US3784325DA US3784325A US 3784325 A US3784325 A US 3784325A US 00255822 A US00255822 A US 00255822A US 3784325D A US3784325D A US 3784325DA US 3784325 A US3784325 A US 3784325A
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string
liquid
space
casing
sleeve
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US00255822A
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H Coanda
I Gabor
R Posirca
C Lazar
V Truica
V Hanciulescu
G Aldea
I Bodea
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Inst Cercetare Si Proiectare T
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Inst Cercetare Si Proiectare T
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
    • F04F5/14—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being elastic fluid
    • F04F5/24—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being elastic fluid displacing liquids, e.g. containing solids, or liquids and elastic fluids
    • F04F5/26—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being elastic fluid displacing liquids, e.g. containing solids, or liquids and elastic fluids of multi-stage type
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
    • E21B43/121—Lifting well fluids
    • E21B43/122—Gas lift

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A system for the gas-lift withdrawal of liquid from a subterranean location, especially an oil well, wherein the gas is introduced into a tubing drain at axially spaced circular slot to induce the liquid to flow upwardly through respective venturi-type nozzles immediately above each slot in accordancewith the Coanda effect.
  • the lifting gas is forced through an annular space between the casing and the lifting string, the space between the lifting string and the casing being sealed off at least at the upper end by a packing.
  • the lifting or tubing string is provided at vertically space d locations (i.e.spaced axially along the string) with circular slots having adjustable openings and by providing immediately above each of these slots a venturi-type nozzle or sleeve dimensionsto permit the diversion of the fluid jet along the inner walls of the sleeve according to the Coanda effect and an upward entrainment of the liquid.
  • the slugs of liquid are elimi with the Coanda effect.
  • the sleeves are threaded at their upper end into the sleeves of the tubing string and at their lower end into couplings provided with lateral orifices opening at the edge of the sleeve and communicating with the space between the strings and the surrounding casing.
  • the couplings have along their interiors below the level of these orifices, respective shaft nated by causing them to strain into the gas at each of collars and threaded portions in which is mounted a seat whoseupper edge forms with the lower edge of the sleeve, the aforementioned circular opening which is adjustable in cross-section by the vertical displacement of the seat using a screwing action.
  • a reducing or transition member serves for connection of each coupling to the pipe portion of the next sleeve.
  • venturi-type nozzles with convergent/divergent passages defined by annular walls.
  • the divergent side of the nozzles are turned upwardly and the venturi-systems are dimensioned to ensure a Coanda-effect deviation of the liquid jet along the divergent inner walls of the nozzle as the liquid is coupling 6 is formed with a plurality of circular orifices c which enable theannular space (around the string 2 and within the casing l) to be connected with the interior of the tube at the mouth of each venturi-nozzle.
  • a seating piece 7 is threaded into the interior of coupling 6 so that its upper edge forms together with the lower-edge or mouth of the nozzle, an annular slot d whose axial width is adjustable (by the degree the seating piece 7 is threaded into the coupling 6) in accordance with the lifting gas slow rate required for withdrawal of liquid from the well.
  • the slot d is thus located at the level of the orifices c, i.e. in a common horizontal plane therewith.
  • stiffening of the coupling 6 is accomplished by introducing into the latter a reducing sleeve member 8, the
  • the tubing string formed in this manner is suspended at the well head by conventional techniques after the slots d have been adjusted to the predetermined width by screwing members 7 therein, depending upon the depth at which the slot is located, the flow rate and condition of the liquid 'etc.
  • a pipe 9 provided with a valve 10 feeds the lifting gas under pressure to the annular space between the tubing string 2 and the casing l of the well.
  • the lifting gas is injected through pipe 9 under pressure and, since this annular space (between the casing l and the string 2) is limited by packing 3, the gas enters at the predetermined level into the tubing string 2 through the orifices c and slot d.
  • the flow rate of the gas is directly proportional to the width of the slot d.
  • the annular gas jet After leaving slot d, the annular gas jet entrains liquid upwardly and adheres to the convergent surface of nozzle 4 in accordance with the Coanda effect to create a pressure drop which entrains the liquid upwardly concommittently with the spraying into the mass of the liquid gas.
  • the partial adhesion of the gas/liquid mixture to the surface of the divergent walls prevent or reduces the downward slip of crude oil.
  • An apparatus for the lifting of liquids from a subterranean location comprising:
  • packing means sealingly disposed between said string and said casing between said opening and said space to prevent entry of said liquid into said space, said string being opened into said casing below said packing means to permit entry of said liquid into said string; and 7 means for feeding air under pressure into said space,
  • said string comprising:
  • convergent/divergent nozzles vertically spaced along said string and having upwardly directed divergent portions and downwardly turned mouths leading to the respective convergent portions
  • each sleeve threaded into each sleeve below the respective nozzle and defining with each nozzle an annular slot between the respective chamber and mouth, the axial width of each slot being variable by relative threading displacement of the respective member and sleeve;

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

A system for the gas-lift withdrawal of liquid from a subterranean location, especially an oil well, wherein the gas is introduced into a tubing drain at axially spaced circular slot to induce the liquid to flow upwardly through respective venturitype nozzles immediately above each slot in accordance with the Coanda effect.

Description

United States Patent 1 Coanda et al.
[ 4] METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR THE GAS-LIFT WITHDRAWAL or A LIQUID FROM A SUBTERRANEAN SPACE [75] Inventors: Henry Coanda; Gheorghe Aldea; Ion
Bodea; Vasile Truica; Valentin Hanciulescu; Radu Posirca; Cristian Lazar; lacob GabOr, all of Bucharest, Romania [73] Assignee: Institutul De Cercetare Si Proiectare Tehnologica Pentru Industria Extractive De Titei Si Gaza, Cimpina, Romania 22 Filed: May 22,1972
211 App]. No.: 255,822
[30] Foreign Application Priority Data May 28, 1971 Romania 67(159 [52] US. Cl. 417/165, 417/170, 417/183, 417/197 [51] Int. Cl. F041 5/22, F04f 5/48 gm amaiua 1 4 Jan. 8, 1974 Primary Examiner-Car1ton R. CrOyle Assistant ExaminerRichard E. Glluck Att0rneyKarl F. Ross and Herbert Dubno [57] ABSTRACT A system for the gas-lift withdrawal of liquid from a subterranean location, especially an oil well, wherein the gas is introduced into a tubing drain at axially spaced circular slot to induce the liquid to flow upwardly through respective venturi-type nozzles immediately above each slot in accordancewith the Coanda effect.
2 Claims, 1 Drawing lFigure 1 METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR THE GAS-LIFT WITHDRAWAL OF A LIQUID FROM A SUBTERRANEAN SPACE FIELD OF THE INVENTION It has already been proposed to withdraw liquid from an oil well when the pressure from below is no longer sufficient to lift the liquid (hydrocarbon mixture) to the surface by itself, by introducing a lifting gas under pressure to a location below the surface of the liquid in the subterranean space and thereby cause the oil to move upwardly along a string or casing. The lifting gas may be introduced under pressure substantially continuously or intermittently at various levels along this string so that, at each such level, there is an elevating effect.
It is also know to provide a system for spraying the oil concurrently with the lifting thereof by the use of ejectors operating with venturi principles.
Both of these techniques have the disadvantage that they require high working pressure and a high consumption of the lifting gas. When the oil is lifted in the form of slugs, i.e. units of the liquid moved as a mass, the slugs of oil alternate with the slugs of gas and there may occur a downward slippage of the crude oil along the inner wall of the casing reducing the quantity of oil withdrawn and leading to increased gas consumption.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the invention to provide an improved method of withdrawing oil or some other liquid from the subterranean location whereby the aforementioned disadvantages can be obviated.
It is another object of the invention to provide an apparatus for eliminating the drawbacks set forth previously.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION These objects and others which will become herein after, inaccordance with the inventiomby the use of a Coanda effect in the gas-lift removal of petroleum and like products from the subterranean space, especially-an oil well. According to the invention, the lifting gas is forced through an annular space between the casing and the lifting string, the space between the lifting string and the casing being sealed off at least at the upper end by a packing. According to the invention, the lifting or tubing string is provided at vertically space d locations (i.e.spaced axially along the string) with circular slots having adjustable openings and by providing immediately above each of these slots a venturi-type nozzle or sleeve dimensionsto permit the diversion of the fluid jet along the inner walls of the sleeve according to the Coanda effect and an upward entrainment of the liquid. The slugs of liquid are elimi with the Coanda effect. The sleeves are threaded at their upper end into the sleeves of the tubing string and at their lower end into couplings provided with lateral orifices opening at the edge of the sleeve and communicating with the space between the strings and the surrounding casing. The couplings have along their interiors below the level of these orifices, respective shaft nated by causing them to strain into the gas at each of collars and threaded portions in which is mounted a seat whoseupper edge forms with the lower edge of the sleeve, the aforementioned circular opening which is adjustable in cross-section by the vertical displacement of the seat using a screwing action. A reducing or transition member serves for connection of each coupling to the pipe portion of the next sleeve.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent from the following description, reference being made to the accompanying drawing in which the sole figure is a vertical axial cross-sectional view through a recovery well provided with tubing and gaslift devices in accordance with the present invention.
SPECIFIC DESCRIPTION In the drawing, we show a recovery well provided with the normal well casing 1 in which is mounted a tubing string 2 the length of which depends on the reservoir pressure of the pay bed and at the end of which perforations may communicate with the pay bed. Above these perforations, a packing 3 seals an annular space between the casing l and the tubing string 2, thereby isolating this annular space from the fluid entrained through the perforations into the string 2. Hence the liquid is thus permitted to enter the casing and pass upwardly through the string 2 which has formed thereon at predetermined levels, depending upon the working conditions of the well (i.e. the pressure behind the liquid a number of venturi-type nozzles with convergent/divergent passages defined by annular walls. The divergent side of the nozzles are turned upwardly and the venturi-systems are dimensioned to ensure a Coanda-effect deviation of the liquid jet along the divergent inner walls of the nozzle as the liquid is coupling 6 is formed with a plurality of circular orifices c which enable theannular space (around the string 2 and within the casing l) to be connected with the interior of the tube at the mouth of each venturi-nozzle.
A seating piece 7 is threaded into the interior of coupling 6 so that its upper edge forms together with the lower-edge or mouth of the nozzle, an annular slot d whose axial width is adjustable (by the degree the seating piece 7 is threaded into the coupling 6) in accordance with the lifting gas slow rate required for withdrawal of liquid from the well.
The slot d is thus located at the level of the orifices c, i.e. in a common horizontal plane therewith. The
stiffening of the coupling 6 is accomplished by introducing into the latter a reducing sleeve member 8, the
upper portion of which is threaded into the interior of coupling 6 and which has a lower portion threadedly receiving the pipe of the next tubing section.
The tubing string formed in this manner is suspended at the well head by conventional techniques after the slots d have been adjusted to the predetermined width by screwing members 7 therein, depending upon the depth at which the slot is located, the flow rate and condition of the liquid 'etc. A pipe 9 provided with a valve 10 feeds the lifting gas under pressure to the annular space between the tubing string 2 and the casing l of the well.
The lifting gas is injected through pipe 9 under pressure and, since this annular space (between the casing l and the string 2) is limited by packing 3, the gas enters at the predetermined level into the tubing string 2 through the orifices c and slot d. The flow rate of the gas is directly proportional to the width of the slot d. After leaving slot d, the annular gas jet entrains liquid upwardly and adheres to the convergent surface of nozzle 4 in accordance with the Coanda effect to create a pressure drop which entrains the liquid upwardly concommittently with the spraying into the mass of the liquid gas. At the same time, the partial adhesion of the gas/liquid mixture to the surface of the divergent walls prevent or reduces the downward slip of crude oil.
We claim:
1. An apparatus for the lifting of liquids from a subterranean location, comprising:
a well casing reaching downwardly to said location and formed with at least one opening at the bottom of said casing for admitting liquid thereto;
a tube string within said casing and defining a space therewith substantially over the length of said string;
packing means sealingly disposed between said string and said casing between said opening and said space to prevent entry of said liquid into said space, said string being opened into said casing below said packing means to permit entry of said liquid into said string; and 7 means for feeding air under pressure into said space,
said string comprising:
a plurality of convergent/divergent nozzles vertically spaced along said string and having upwardly directed divergent portions and downwardly turned mouths leading to the respective convergent portions;
a respective sleeve threaded onto a lower end of each of said nozzles and forming in the plane of the respective mouth an annular chamber communicating therewith, said sleeves being formed with apertures communicating between said space and the respective chambers;
a respective tubular adjustingmember threaded into each sleeve below the respective nozzle and defining with each nozzle an annular slot between the respective chamber and mouth, the axial width of each slot being variable by relative threading displacement of the respective member and sleeve; and
a respective tubular spacer threadedly connecting and interposed between each of said nozzles and the sleeve of the next nozzle disposed thereabove.
2. The apparatus defined in claim 1, further comprising a tubular reducing member threaded into each of said sleeves and threadedly receiving the spacer disposed therebelow.

Claims (2)

1. An apparatus for the lifting of liquids from a subterranean location, comprising: a well casing reaching downwardly to said location and formed with at least one opening at the bottom of said casing for admitting liquid thereto; a tube string within said casing and defining a space therewith substantially over the length of said string; packing means sealingly disposed between said string and said casing between said opening and said space to prevent entry of said liquid into said space, said string being opened into said casing below said packing means to permit entry of said liquid into said string; and means for feeding air under pressure into said space, said string comprising: a plurality of convergent/divergent nozzles vertically spaced along said string and having upwardly directed divergent portions and downwardly turned mouths leading to the respective convergent portions; a respective sleeve threaded onto a lower end of each of said nozzles and forming in the plane of the respective mouth an annular chamber communicating therewith, said sleeves being formed with apertures communicating between said space and the respective chambers; a respective tubular adjusting member threaded into each sleeve below the respective nozzle and defining with each nozzle an annular slot between the respective chamber and mouth, the axial width of each slot being variable by relative threading displacement of the respective member and sleeve; and a respective tubular spacer threadedly connecting and interposed between each of said nozzles and the sleeve of the next nozzle disposed thereabove.
2. The apparatus defined in claim 1, further comprising a tubular reducing member threaded into each of said sleeves and threadedly receiving the spacer disposed therebelow.
US00255822A 1971-05-28 1972-05-22 Method of and apparatus for the gas-lift withdrawal of a liquid from a subterranean space Expired - Lifetime US3784325A (en)

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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4090814A (en) * 1975-02-12 1978-05-23 Institutul National Pentru Creatie Stiintifica Si Tehnica Gas-lift device
US4200425A (en) * 1975-02-12 1980-04-29 Institutul National Pentru Creatie Stiintifica Si Tehnica-Increst Gas-lift device
US4297084A (en) * 1979-12-10 1981-10-27 Wayt Newell E Gas anchor
EP0043566A1 (en) * 1980-07-05 1982-01-13 Jürgen Volkmann Ejector device
US5228839A (en) * 1991-05-24 1993-07-20 Gast Manufacturing Corporation Multistage ejector pump
US5707214A (en) * 1994-07-01 1998-01-13 Fluid Flow Engineering Company Nozzle-venturi gas lift flow control device and method for improving production rate, lift efficiency, and stability of gas lift wells
US5743717A (en) * 1994-07-01 1998-04-28 Fluid Flow Engineering Company Nozzle-venturi gas lift flow control device
WO2002029209A1 (en) * 2000-10-05 2002-04-11 Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. - Petrobras Method and device to stabilise the production of oil wells
WO2004092537A1 (en) 2003-04-15 2004-10-28 Petroleo Brasileiro S.A. - Petrobras Mandrel for a gas lift valve
US20090194293A1 (en) * 2008-02-04 2009-08-06 Marathon Oil Company Apparatus, assembly and process for injecting fluid into a subterranean well
US20110042097A1 (en) * 2008-02-04 2011-02-24 Marathon Oil Company Apparatus, assembly and process for injecting fluid into a subterranean well
CN103306643A (en) * 2013-07-10 2013-09-18 崔斌 Drainage gas recovery device and method
US9303501B2 (en) 2001-11-19 2016-04-05 Packers Plus Energy Services Inc. Method and apparatus for wellbore fluid treatment
US10030474B2 (en) 2008-04-29 2018-07-24 Packers Plus Energy Services Inc. Downhole sub with hydraulically actuable sleeve valve
US10053957B2 (en) 2002-08-21 2018-08-21 Packers Plus Energy Services Inc. Method and apparatus for wellbore fluid treatment
US11952877B2 (en) 2021-07-07 2024-04-09 Hawk Energy Solutions, Llc Ejector manifold and subsurface process to harvest low-pressure natural gas

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2077912A (en) * 1936-04-07 1937-04-20 George E Van Voorhis Operation of gas wells
US2380714A (en) * 1944-06-29 1945-07-31 Alfred W Carter Ejector
US3321891A (en) * 1964-07-14 1967-05-30 Coanda Henri Apparatus for transporting atomizable material

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2077912A (en) * 1936-04-07 1937-04-20 George E Van Voorhis Operation of gas wells
US2380714A (en) * 1944-06-29 1945-07-31 Alfred W Carter Ejector
US3321891A (en) * 1964-07-14 1967-05-30 Coanda Henri Apparatus for transporting atomizable material

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4090814A (en) * 1975-02-12 1978-05-23 Institutul National Pentru Creatie Stiintifica Si Tehnica Gas-lift device
US4200425A (en) * 1975-02-12 1980-04-29 Institutul National Pentru Creatie Stiintifica Si Tehnica-Increst Gas-lift device
US4297084A (en) * 1979-12-10 1981-10-27 Wayt Newell E Gas anchor
EP0043566A1 (en) * 1980-07-05 1982-01-13 Jürgen Volkmann Ejector device
DE3025525A1 (en) * 1980-07-05 1982-01-28 Jürgen 4477 Welver Volkmann EJECTOR DEVICE
US5228839A (en) * 1991-05-24 1993-07-20 Gast Manufacturing Corporation Multistage ejector pump
US5707214A (en) * 1994-07-01 1998-01-13 Fluid Flow Engineering Company Nozzle-venturi gas lift flow control device and method for improving production rate, lift efficiency, and stability of gas lift wells
US5743717A (en) * 1994-07-01 1998-04-28 Fluid Flow Engineering Company Nozzle-venturi gas lift flow control device
WO2002029209A1 (en) * 2000-10-05 2002-04-11 Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. - Petrobras Method and device to stabilise the production of oil wells
US6568478B2 (en) 2000-10-05 2003-05-27 Petroleo Brasileiro S.A. - Petrobras Method and device to stabilize the production of oil wells
AU2001226584B2 (en) * 2000-10-05 2006-01-12 Petroleo Brasileiro S.A. - Petrobras Method and device to stabilise the production of oil wells
US10822936B2 (en) 2001-11-19 2020-11-03 Packers Plus Energy Services Inc. Method and apparatus for wellbore fluid treatment
US9366123B2 (en) 2001-11-19 2016-06-14 Packers Plus Energy Services Inc. Method and apparatus for wellbore fluid treatment
US10087734B2 (en) 2001-11-19 2018-10-02 Packers Plus Energy Services Inc. Method and apparatus for wellbore fluid treatment
US9963962B2 (en) 2001-11-19 2018-05-08 Packers Plus Energy Services Inc. Method and apparatus for wellbore fluid treatment
US9303501B2 (en) 2001-11-19 2016-04-05 Packers Plus Energy Services Inc. Method and apparatus for wellbore fluid treatment
US10487624B2 (en) 2002-08-21 2019-11-26 Packers Plus Energy Services Inc. Method and apparatus for wellbore fluid treatment
US10053957B2 (en) 2002-08-21 2018-08-21 Packers Plus Energy Services Inc. Method and apparatus for wellbore fluid treatment
WO2004092537A1 (en) 2003-04-15 2004-10-28 Petroleo Brasileiro S.A. - Petrobras Mandrel for a gas lift valve
US20110042097A1 (en) * 2008-02-04 2011-02-24 Marathon Oil Company Apparatus, assembly and process for injecting fluid into a subterranean well
US8413726B2 (en) 2008-02-04 2013-04-09 Marathon Oil Company Apparatus, assembly and process for injecting fluid into a subterranean well
US7766085B2 (en) 2008-02-04 2010-08-03 Marathon Oil Company Apparatus, assembly and process for injecting fluid into a subterranean well
US20090194293A1 (en) * 2008-02-04 2009-08-06 Marathon Oil Company Apparatus, assembly and process for injecting fluid into a subterranean well
US10030474B2 (en) 2008-04-29 2018-07-24 Packers Plus Energy Services Inc. Downhole sub with hydraulically actuable sleeve valve
US10704362B2 (en) 2008-04-29 2020-07-07 Packers Plus Energy Services Inc. Downhole sub with hydraulically actuable sleeve valve
CN103306643B (en) * 2013-07-10 2015-09-23 崔斌 A kind of water drainage gas production device and method
CN103306643A (en) * 2013-07-10 2013-09-18 崔斌 Drainage gas recovery device and method
US11952877B2 (en) 2021-07-07 2024-04-09 Hawk Energy Solutions, Llc Ejector manifold and subsurface process to harvest low-pressure natural gas

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