US3782450A - Heat exchanger with nests of tubes - Google Patents

Heat exchanger with nests of tubes Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3782450A
US3782450A US00241585A US3782450DA US3782450A US 3782450 A US3782450 A US 3782450A US 00241585 A US00241585 A US 00241585A US 3782450D A US3782450D A US 3782450DA US 3782450 A US3782450 A US 3782450A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
tubes
tube
graphite
cement
annular space
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00241585A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
A Swozil
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sigri Elektrographit dt GmbH
SIGRI ELEKTROGRAPHIT GmbH
Original Assignee
SIGRI ELEKTROGRAPHIT GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19712119820 external-priority patent/DE2119820C3/de
Application filed by SIGRI ELEKTROGRAPHIT GmbH filed Critical SIGRI ELEKTROGRAPHIT GmbH
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3782450A publication Critical patent/US3782450A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/04—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
    • F28F9/16—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling
    • F28F9/162—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by using bonding or sealing substances, e.g. adhesives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/02—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of carbon, e.g. graphite
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S159/00—Concentrating evaporators
    • Y10S159/15—Special material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/051—Heat exchange having expansion and contraction relieving or absorbing means
    • Y10S165/052—Heat exchange having expansion and contraction relieving or absorbing means for cylindrical heat exchanger
    • Y10S165/063—Cylindrical heat exchanger fixed to fixed end supports
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S285/00—Pipe joints or couplings
    • Y10S285/915—Mastic

Definitions

  • FIGS palm 2 HEAT EXCHANGER WTTH NESTS OF TUBES The present invention relates to a heat exhanger with nests of tubes; with graphite tube plates having recesses and graphite tubes engaging with the recesses. Annular cement joints are between the plates and the tubes.
  • stuffing gland designs have become known which make possible an equalization of the expansion between the tubes and the enclosure of the apparatus. These designs, however, are expensive and cannot always be kept completely tight.
  • the tubes are connected rigidly by welded, soldered or cemented joints with tube plates which are movable with respect to the enclosure and are sealed by means of diaphragm seals or stuffing glands. Temperature differences between the enclosure and the tubes cause relative motion of the plate, whereby the friction forces are transmitted by the tubes.
  • graphite tubes generally engage with cylindrical or conical recesses of a tube plate and the ring gaps between the tube and the holes are filled with a compound containing a hardenable synthetic resin. Hardening of the resin forms a firm and gas tight joint between the graphite tube and the tube plate.
  • a drawback of such cement joints is that during the setting of the synthetic resin shrinkage stresses are generated which reduce the permissible stresses of the graphite tubes by tension or bending forces on the average of about 60 percent, so that even the relatively low strength of graphite cannot be utilized in designs.
  • the problem is solved, according to the present invention, by having the depth of the recesses greater than the height of the cement joints and, preferably at least twice as great.
  • the ring gap between the graphite tube and the cylindrical surface of the recess in the tube plate is filled with a cement compound which is rigidly connected only with the cylindrical surface or only with the graphite tube.
  • a further embodiment of the invention provides the filling of the ring gap between the graphite tube and the cylindrical surface of the recess with an inert material in powder form.
  • the invention provides ring washers which are cemented to the tube plate and are aligned with its recesses, the support surfaces of which have grooves, preferably.
  • the graphite tubes are led through support discs which are preferably arranged in at least two planes.
  • the invention is based on the recognition of the fact that in heat exchangers with nests of tubes according to the invention, graphite tubes which are deflected transversely to the longitudinal axis, are supported by support surfaces before the critical fracture stress is reached in the part of the tube weakened by the shrinkage stresses at the height of the annular cement joints. Bending moments, caused by tube vibrations or length changes, relative to the enclosure of the apparatus at the height of the cement joints, are limited. Maximum moments occur only in the unweakened tube parts whereby the probability of breakage of the tubes is decreased.
  • the greater allowable mechanical stresses of heat exchangers with nests of tubes of graphite makes furthermore possible the use of graphite tubes with smaller wall thickness, thereby improving heat transfer.
  • the ratio of the depth of the recess to the height of the cement joint is determined by the maximally permissible deflection of the tubes and the tube tolerance. If the tubes are stressed in the flexural mode, they bear against the edges of the recesses and thereby limit the allowable stress of the cemented tube portions. If the tube tolerances are large or if the tube plates have only slight height, it is advantageous, according to the invention, to limit the lateral deflection of the tubes by filling the ring gap between the graphite tube and the cylindrical surface of the tube plate recess with cement or a material in powder form. Before applying the cement material, the graphite tubes or the cylindrical surfaces of the recesses must be coated with layers which do not form a firm bond with the cements used.
  • Suitable substances for the preparation of these layers are, for instance, polytetrafluorethylene, lacquers, fats and silicon compounds.
  • the generation of detrimental stress in the graphite tubes is avoided by the pretreatment, and the graphite tube is relieved of stress considerably at the height of the annular cement joint, even for a smaller ratio of the depth of the recess to the height of the cement.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a known method of fastening of graphite tubes in a tube plate
  • FIGS. 2 6 illustrate heat exchangers with nests of tubes according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a prior art graphite tube plate with a bore 2 and a partially cylindrical and partially conical recess 3.
  • the graphite tube 4 engages and rests against the tube plate 1.
  • the ring or annular gap 5 is fllled with a cement substance containing phenolic resin, graphite powder and an acidic catalyst, the setting of which results in a 3 rigid connection between the graphite tube and the tube plate.
  • shrinkage stresses are set up in the cement mass which, in turn, causes a strength reducing stress in the graphite tube and the tube plate.
  • the tube plate 1 shows cylindrical bores or through holes 2 into which sleeves 8 are inserted from below for receiving the graphite tubes 4.
  • the maximum bending moments are shifted from the cement joints 9 to the edge 7.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 are advantageous.
  • the conical part of the graphite tube 4 is rigidly connected with the tube bottom 1 by the cement joint 5.
  • the cylindrical part of the recess is filled with the cement substance 10 and the outer cylindrical surface of the graphite tube has a thin layer of polytetrafluorethylene 11 by which a rigid bond of the cement with the graphite tube is prevented.
  • This design permits only small transversal deflections even for short free ring gaps.
  • washers 12 are cemented, bycement 13, to the tube plate 1.
  • the graphite tubes 4 have, at the height of the washers 12, a layer of silicon grease 11 by which a bonding of the tubes, with the cement substance, is prevented.
  • a rigid connection between the tube plate 1 and the grahite tube 4 exists only in the region of the conical recess.
  • the washers 12 have grooves at their contact surfaces which prevent the propagation, into the tube plate, of cracks formed in the washers.
  • FIG. 6 two support plates 15 are arranged in two planes above the tube plate 1. in the event of transversal deflections of a tube, it comes to rest against the support plate and relieves the cement joint 5. Passage of fluids outside of tubes 4 is shown by the arrows.
  • a heat exchanger comprising a plurality of graphite tubes, a graphite plate arranged transversely of the tubes and having recesses each of which receive an end of a respective one of the tubes, the relative diameters of the ends of the tubes and the recesses being such that an annular space is defined between the end of each of the tubes and the recess in which the tube is received, a cement substance filling each annular space and cementing the tube into the recess over only a portion of the axial dimension of the annular space beginning at the free end of the tube, the remainder of the axial dimension of the annular space being free over at least a portion of its radial dimension.
  • a heat exchanger according to claim 1 in which the portion of the annular space which is filled by the cement substance extends from the free end of the tube a distance no greater than one-half the total axial dimension of the annular space.
  • a heat exchanger according to claim 1 in which the remainder of the axial dimension of the annular space contains the cement substance over only a portion of its radial dimension beginning at and adhering to the wall of the tube or the wall of the recess defining the annular space.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
US00241585A 1971-04-23 1972-04-06 Heat exchanger with nests of tubes Expired - Lifetime US3782450A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19712119820 DE2119820C3 (de) 1971-04-23 Rohrbündelwarmeaustauscher

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3782450A true US3782450A (en) 1974-01-01

Family

ID=5805636

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00241585A Expired - Lifetime US3782450A (en) 1971-04-23 1972-04-06 Heat exchanger with nests of tubes

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3782450A (OSRAM)
FR (1) FR2134335B1 (OSRAM)
GB (1) GB1349232A (OSRAM)
IT (1) IT957229B (OSRAM)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4266577A (en) * 1979-07-25 1981-05-12 Usui Kokusai Sangyo Kabushiki Kaisha Collared fuel injection pipe for engines
US4495987A (en) * 1983-02-18 1985-01-29 Occidental Research Corporation Tube and tube sheet assembly
US4519445A (en) * 1982-12-02 1985-05-28 United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Tube-in-shell heat exchangers
US4735261A (en) * 1982-09-13 1988-04-05 Plascore, Inc. Plastic heat exchanger
US4872504A (en) * 1982-09-13 1989-10-10 Plascore, Inc. Modular heat exchanger housing
US4894070A (en) * 1987-11-13 1990-01-16 Foseco International Limited Filtration of fluid media
US5209525A (en) * 1990-03-28 1993-05-11 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Bonded ceramic structure
US5228512A (en) * 1991-04-02 1993-07-20 Modine Manufacturing Company Aluminum charge air cooler and method of making the same
US5327959A (en) * 1992-09-18 1994-07-12 Modine Manufacturing Company Header for an evaporator
US5975193A (en) * 1992-05-22 1999-11-02 Showa Aluminum Corporation Heat exchanger

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3133665C2 (de) * 1981-08-26 1984-06-07 Süddeutsche Kühlerfabrik Julius Fr. Behr GmbH & Co KG, 7000 Stuttgart Verbindung von Rohren eines Wärmetauscherblocks mit einem Anschlußkasten, insbesondere für einen Verdampfer
FR2599637B1 (fr) * 1986-06-09 1990-05-11 Lorraine Carbone Procede d'assemblage, sous forme de faisceau, de membranes tubulaires minerales destinees aux techniques separatives

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1992504A (en) * 1933-04-10 1935-02-26 Abbott L Penniman Surface condenser
CA538135A (en) * 1957-03-12 O. Everhart John Threaded joint-sealing gasket rings for molded pipe
US2956787A (en) * 1957-05-28 1960-10-18 Union Carbide Corp Heat interchanger
US3182720A (en) * 1961-12-27 1965-05-11 Westinghouse Electric Corp Heat exchange apparatus
US3327777A (en) * 1964-11-09 1967-06-27 Union Carbide Corp Heat interchanger
US3701548A (en) * 1970-06-25 1972-10-31 John S Mcguire Pipe joint system

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA538135A (en) * 1957-03-12 O. Everhart John Threaded joint-sealing gasket rings for molded pipe
US1992504A (en) * 1933-04-10 1935-02-26 Abbott L Penniman Surface condenser
US2956787A (en) * 1957-05-28 1960-10-18 Union Carbide Corp Heat interchanger
US3182720A (en) * 1961-12-27 1965-05-11 Westinghouse Electric Corp Heat exchange apparatus
US3327777A (en) * 1964-11-09 1967-06-27 Union Carbide Corp Heat interchanger
US3701548A (en) * 1970-06-25 1972-10-31 John S Mcguire Pipe joint system

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4266577A (en) * 1979-07-25 1981-05-12 Usui Kokusai Sangyo Kabushiki Kaisha Collared fuel injection pipe for engines
US4735261A (en) * 1982-09-13 1988-04-05 Plascore, Inc. Plastic heat exchanger
US4872504A (en) * 1982-09-13 1989-10-10 Plascore, Inc. Modular heat exchanger housing
US4519445A (en) * 1982-12-02 1985-05-28 United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Tube-in-shell heat exchangers
US4495987A (en) * 1983-02-18 1985-01-29 Occidental Research Corporation Tube and tube sheet assembly
US4894070A (en) * 1987-11-13 1990-01-16 Foseco International Limited Filtration of fluid media
US5209525A (en) * 1990-03-28 1993-05-11 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Bonded ceramic structure
US5228512A (en) * 1991-04-02 1993-07-20 Modine Manufacturing Company Aluminum charge air cooler and method of making the same
US5975193A (en) * 1992-05-22 1999-11-02 Showa Aluminum Corporation Heat exchanger
US5327959A (en) * 1992-09-18 1994-07-12 Modine Manufacturing Company Header for an evaporator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1349232A (en) 1974-04-03
IT957229B (it) 1973-10-10
FR2134335A1 (OSRAM) 1972-12-08
FR2134335B1 (OSRAM) 1974-08-19
DE2119820B2 (de) 1976-12-16
DE2119820A1 (de) 1972-11-09

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3782450A (en) Heat exchanger with nests of tubes
US3712647A (en) Pipe connection
US3794361A (en) Pipe couplings
US3923314A (en) Non-rigid seal for joining silicon carbide tubes and tube sheets in heat exchangers
JP2003185021A (ja) 浅いｓ字型メタルシール
EP0190701B1 (en) Joint structure for a tube support plate and a tube
US5236231A (en) Brittle lined pipe connector
CN1077970C (zh) 用于金属管的带内衬的螺纹接头
EP1422488B1 (en) A heat exchanger with a silicon carbide set of tubes and double tube plates in enamelled steel
NO158236B (no) Fremgangsmaate og innretning for oppvarming av en vaeske.
US5977487A (en) High voltage insulator of ceramic material having shrink-fit cap and method of making
US3837226A (en) Sight glass assembly and a method of producing the same
US5074697A (en) Releasable connector for interconnecting two parts subjected to high stresses
CN110594504A (zh) 一种自紧式复合密封结构
US1497952A (en) Method of making air-tight joints
US4838581A (en) Joint structure for a tube support plate and a tube
WO2022020117A1 (en) Corrosion resistant heat exchanger and tube sheet therefor
US2281594A (en) Sealing tubes to tube sheets of heat exchangers, and the like
US4875712A (en) Joint structure for a tube support plate and a tube
US2537466A (en) Lining for vessels
US3659139A (en) Hollow electrode assembly of carbon having densed graphite junction nipple
GB2317934A (en) A seal for an annulus between inner and outer pipes
CN210441708U (zh) 换热器
US4930546A (en) Heat-insulating metal-ceramic structure
US3378283A (en) Tube joints