US3782449A - Temperature stabilization system - Google Patents

Temperature stabilization system Download PDF

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Publication number
US3782449A
US3782449A US00879505A US3782449DA US3782449A US 3782449 A US3782449 A US 3782449A US 00879505 A US00879505 A US 00879505A US 3782449D A US3782449D A US 3782449DA US 3782449 A US3782449 A US 3782449A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
heat pipe
heat
inert gas
gas plug
displacement member
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00879505A
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English (en)
Inventor
C Busse
K Schlitt
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European Atomic Energy Community Euratom
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European Atomic Energy Community Euratom
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/0275—Arrangements for coupling heat-pipes together or with other structures, e.g. with base blocks; Heat pipe cores
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/06—Control arrangements therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D23/00—Control of temperature
    • G05D23/01—Control of temperature without auxiliary power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J45/00—Discharge tubes functioning as thermionic generators

Definitions

  • Busse et a1 Jan. 1, 1974 [5 TEMPERATURE STABILIZATION SYSTEM 3,613,773 /1971 11611 et a1. .1 165/105 x 3,457,436 7/1969 Levedahl [75] Inventors Claus Buss", Lavenoi Karl Schlm, 2,581,347 1/1952 Backstrom 165/105 x pm both of Italy 3,378,449 4/1968 Roberts et a1.
  • Keiser 1 165/105 [73] Asslgnee' Atom Energy 3,525,386 8/1970 Grover 165 105 x Community (Euratom), Luxemburg European Center Kirchberg, Luxembourg Primary ExamznerA1bert W. Davis, Jr.
  • ABSTRACT A system for temperature stabilization through the use Foreign Application Priority Data of a heat pipe, that zone of the heat pipe which is re- Dec. 5, 1968 Luxembourg 57.482 mote from the heating Zone having an inert gas P g whose volume varies with the vapour pressure of the 52 US. Cl. 165/32, 165/105 heat vehicle- The p effects variation in the heat 511 1111. c1.
  • FIGA A first figure.
  • the invention relates to temperature stabilization, for example stabilization of the temperature of the caesium reservoir in a thermionic converter.
  • a heat pipe essentially comprises a hermetically closed vessel containing a heat carrying vehicle (e.g., a metal) which circulates by a natural cycle of evaporation and condensation between a heating zone and a cooling zone.
  • a heat carrying vehicle e.g., a metal
  • the circulation of the vehicle is assisted by capillary action.
  • the heating zone is arranged to receive heat from the region or surface to be stabilized and within the vessel there is a plug of inert .gas of which the volume varies with variations in the vapor pressure of the vehicle.
  • a disadvantage of heat pipes when used as above described is that the temperature of the inert gas plug has considerable effect on the accuracy of control, more particularly because there is only a small temperature difference between the temperature in the environment around the heat pipe and the temperature of the plug and because the pipe walls are good heat conductors.
  • Another consideration when systems of this kind are used in the range of radioactivity is the gamma heat evolved in the heat pipe wall.
  • the present invention seeks to reduce or overcome these disadvantages.
  • This invention provides a system for temperature stabilization through the agency of a heat pipe, that zone of the heat pipe which is remote from the heating zone having an inert gas plug whose volume varies with the vapor pressure of the heat vehicle, such plug effecting variation in the heat pipe wall area actually radiating heat, according to changes in the volume of the plug, characterised in that that part of the heat pipe where the inert gas plug is disposed is in good thermal connection with the heating zone of a secondary heat pipe.
  • the heating zone of the secondary heat pipe is fitted like a pot or cover over that part of the first heat pipe where the inert gas plug is disposed.
  • an inert gas plug is also provided in the secondary heat pipe.
  • a displacement member (e.g., fixed) may-be provided in the primary or secondary heat pipe (or both).
  • a tertiary heat pipe may be connected to the secondary heatpipe in just the same way as the latter is connected to the primary heat pipe.
  • the displacement member is in good mechanical and thermal connection with the heat pipe end wall remote from the heating zone, since the temperature of such end wall is more stable than the temperature of the side walls contiguous with or adjacent to such wall.
  • the displacement members are empty hollow receptacles whose wall thickness is exactly suitable for the working pressure (i.e., the minimum thickness necessary to resist the working pressure).
  • the present invention greatly reduces the effect of environmental factors on the temperature of the inert gas plug in the primary heat pipe, and so the position of the boundary between heat-vehicle vapor and the inert gas depends substantially only upon the quantity of heat taken up from the heating zone of the primary pipe.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic sectioned view of a first system
  • FIG. 2 shows another system comprising a displacement member
  • FIG. 3 shows another system, having two displacement members
  • FIG. 4 shows a system comprising three heat pipes
  • FIG. 5 is a detailed sectional view showing the suspension of a displacement member.
  • a surface 1 to be stabilized (e.g., part of the surface of a caesium reservoir) is also the heating surface of a first or primary heat pipe 2.
  • Arrows 3 near the heating zone indicate the supply of heat.
  • Heat pipe 2 is made of a high-temperature-resistant substance covered internally with longitudinally extending capillary grooves (not shown).
  • the heat carrying vehicle is a metal; at normal working temperature the metal is in vapor form in the heating zone and condenses in the cooling zone remote from the heating zone.
  • Tube 2 has as well as a metal-vapor chamber 4, an inert gas plug 5 which, since it is carried along in the heat-vehicle vapor, is disposed at the top of the tube 2 i.e., in the zone remote from the heating zone.
  • a line 6 denotes the horizontal boundary layer between the heat vehicle and the plug 5, although in fact the boundary should be considered as a transitional region. Since the heat pipe wall is a good conductor of heat, the boundary is particularly fluid at the pipe wall. Since the inert gas is a much poorer heat conductor than the metal vapor, the line 6 represents a temperature jump and is a boundary of that region of the heat pipe which is actually operative for heat flow and heat radiation.
  • a second heat pipe 7 is fitted over the pipe 2 near the line 6 and the external wall surfaces of pipe 7 act as heat radiators.
  • the heat is radiated in a direction indicated by arrows 8.
  • the second or secondary pipe 7 therefore acts as a cooler of the primary pipe 2, with the result that at start-up the line 6 first rises rapidly to the position shown, then remains there substantially stationary subject substantially only to variation in the vapor pressure of the metallic heat carrier due to variations in the temperature of the heating zone. Since the inert gas plug is completely surrounded by the second heat pipe and scarcely alters its temperature, the temperature stabilization of surface 1 is likely to be much better than can be provided by earlier suggestions.
  • FIG. 2 can be used, like elements having like references.
  • the only difference from FIG. 1 is that the system shown in FIG. 2 has a displacement member 9 near the line 6 in the primary heat pipe 2.
  • the displacement member 9 acts in a known manner to produce an increased change in effective wall area for a given change in plug volume.
  • the temperature stabilization of surface 1 can be further improved by the system shown in FIG. 3, like references again denoting like elements.
  • the difference from FIG. 2 is that in FIG. 3 the secondary pipe 7 also has an inert gas plug 10, and so the secondary pipe 7 has a boundary line 11 which varies with the heat flow.
  • a displacement member is used to act appropriately on the variation characteristic.
  • FIG. 4 shows a three pipe system i.e., in this embodiment substantially all the heat is radiated by the third pipe 13.
  • One way of improving stabilization relatively cheaply is for the displacement members to be in good mechanical and, more particularly thermal, connection with that region of the surrounding heat pipe which has the most stable temperature pattern. Such region is always the surface 14 remote from the heating zone.
  • FIG. is a diagrammatic view of how a connection of this kind can be provided in one heat 'pipe or in all the heat pipes.
  • a metal block 15 which is a good heat conductor forms a bridge between the wall 14 and a displacement member 16.
  • the displacement member is preferably hollow and has a wall thickness which just withstands the maximum working pressure. This ensures that heating of the displacement member as a result of gamma radiation has very little effect on the temperature of the inert gas plug 17. Structural bracing or the like (not shown) can be provided to improve the mechanical stability of the displacement member.
  • a system for temperature stabilization comprising an arrangement of at least two serially disposed heat pipes, the first heat pipe having a heating zone coupled to a space where stabilization of temperature is desired and a cooling zone, said first heat pipe enclosing a condensable-vaporizable heat vehicle and an inert gas plug which during operation is displaced in said cooling zone, there being a boundary region between the heat vehicle and the 'gas plug; a second heat pipe having a heating zone and a cooling zone, the heating zone of said second heat pipe being in good thermal connection with the cooling zone of the first heat pipe where the inert gas plug is disposed and a displacement member positioned in the heat pipe interior to effectively reduce its cross-sectional area in the boundary region.
  • the system of claim 4 including a displacement member positioned in the second heat pipe interior to effectively reduce its cross-sectional area in the boundary region.
  • the system of claim 4 including a tertiary heat pipe enclosing a condensable-vaporizable heat vehicle and an inert gas plug, there being a boundary region therebetween; the heating zone of the tertiary pipe being in good thermal connection with that point of the second heat pipe where its inert gas plug is disposed.
  • the system of claim 6 including a displacement member positioned in the tertiary heat pipe interior to effectively reduce its cross-sectional area in the boundary region.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
US00879505A 1968-12-05 1969-11-24 Temperature stabilization system Expired - Lifetime US3782449A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
LU57482 1968-12-05

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3782449A true US3782449A (en) 1974-01-01

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US00879505A Expired - Lifetime US3782449A (en) 1968-12-05 1969-11-24 Temperature stabilization system

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US3782449A (fr)
BE (1) BE742161A (fr)
CH (1) CH496989A (fr)
FR (1) FR2025458A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1238609A (fr)
LU (1) LU57482A1 (fr)
NL (1) NL6917311A (fr)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3924674A (en) * 1972-11-07 1975-12-09 Hughes Aircraft Co Heat valve device
US3985182A (en) * 1973-03-17 1976-10-12 Hitachi, Ltd. Heat transfer device
US4674562A (en) * 1985-08-19 1987-06-23 European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) Pressure-controlled heat pipe
US4799537A (en) * 1987-10-13 1989-01-24 Thermacore, Inc. Self regulating heat pipe
US4917178A (en) * 1989-05-18 1990-04-17 Grumman Aerospace Corporation Heat pipe for reclaiming vaporized metal
US5044426A (en) * 1990-03-12 1991-09-03 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Variable conductance heat pipe enhancement
US5647429A (en) * 1994-06-16 1997-07-15 Oktay; Sevgin Coupled, flux transformer heat pipes
US6675887B2 (en) 2002-03-26 2004-01-13 Thermal Corp. Multiple temperature sensitive devices using two heat pipes
US20140060781A1 (en) * 2012-08-31 2014-03-06 Foxconn Technology Co., Ltd. Heat pipe and method for manufactureing the same
CN104049652A (zh) * 2014-06-24 2014-09-17 上海先进半导体制造股份有限公司 管路温度控制装置
US20190017749A1 (en) * 2017-07-12 2019-01-17 Shinko Electric Industries Co., Ltd. Loop heat pipe and method of manufacturing loop heat pipe
US20220148745A1 (en) * 2019-03-29 2022-05-12 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Nuclear power generation system and nuclear reactor unit

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
LU72212A1 (fr) * 1975-04-04 1977-02-02
US4258554A (en) * 1977-06-22 1981-03-31 U.S. Philips Corporation Refrigerator
JPS58184471A (ja) * 1982-04-23 1983-10-27 株式会社日立製作所 磁気冷凍機

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2581347A (en) * 1943-07-09 1952-01-08 Electrolux Ab Absorption refrigeration apparatus and heating arrangement therefor
US3378449A (en) * 1967-07-27 1968-04-16 Atomic Energy Commission Usa Nuclear reactor adapted for use in space
US3405299A (en) * 1967-01-27 1968-10-08 Rca Corp Vaporizable medium type heat exchanger for electron tubes
US3457436A (en) * 1966-11-07 1969-07-22 Teledyne Inc Heat pipes with unique radiator configuration in combination with thermoionic converters
US3516487A (en) * 1968-02-21 1970-06-23 Gen Electric Heat pipe with control
US3525386A (en) * 1969-01-22 1970-08-25 Atomic Energy Commission Thermal control chamber
US3613773A (en) * 1964-12-07 1971-10-19 Rca Corp Constant temperature output heat pipe

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2581347A (en) * 1943-07-09 1952-01-08 Electrolux Ab Absorption refrigeration apparatus and heating arrangement therefor
US3613773A (en) * 1964-12-07 1971-10-19 Rca Corp Constant temperature output heat pipe
US3457436A (en) * 1966-11-07 1969-07-22 Teledyne Inc Heat pipes with unique radiator configuration in combination with thermoionic converters
US3405299A (en) * 1967-01-27 1968-10-08 Rca Corp Vaporizable medium type heat exchanger for electron tubes
US3378449A (en) * 1967-07-27 1968-04-16 Atomic Energy Commission Usa Nuclear reactor adapted for use in space
US3516487A (en) * 1968-02-21 1970-06-23 Gen Electric Heat pipe with control
US3525386A (en) * 1969-01-22 1970-08-25 Atomic Energy Commission Thermal control chamber

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3924674A (en) * 1972-11-07 1975-12-09 Hughes Aircraft Co Heat valve device
US3985182A (en) * 1973-03-17 1976-10-12 Hitachi, Ltd. Heat transfer device
US4674562A (en) * 1985-08-19 1987-06-23 European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) Pressure-controlled heat pipe
US4799537A (en) * 1987-10-13 1989-01-24 Thermacore, Inc. Self regulating heat pipe
EP0431087A4 (en) * 1989-05-18 1991-10-16 Grumman Aerospace Corporation Heat pipe for reclaiming vaporized metal
WO1990014570A1 (fr) * 1989-05-18 1990-11-29 Grumman Aerospace Corporation Tube de chauffe pour la recuperation de metal pulverise
EP0431087A1 (fr) * 1989-05-18 1991-06-12 Grumman Aerospace Corporation Tube de chauffe pour la recuperation de metal pulverise
US4917178A (en) * 1989-05-18 1990-04-17 Grumman Aerospace Corporation Heat pipe for reclaiming vaporized metal
US5044426A (en) * 1990-03-12 1991-09-03 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Variable conductance heat pipe enhancement
US5647429A (en) * 1994-06-16 1997-07-15 Oktay; Sevgin Coupled, flux transformer heat pipes
US20040112583A1 (en) * 2002-03-26 2004-06-17 Garner Scott D. Multiple temperature sensitive devices using two heat pipes
US6675887B2 (en) 2002-03-26 2004-01-13 Thermal Corp. Multiple temperature sensitive devices using two heat pipes
US20080308259A1 (en) * 2002-03-26 2008-12-18 Garner Scott D Multiple temperature sensitive devices using two heat pipes
US20140060781A1 (en) * 2012-08-31 2014-03-06 Foxconn Technology Co., Ltd. Heat pipe and method for manufactureing the same
CN104049652A (zh) * 2014-06-24 2014-09-17 上海先进半导体制造股份有限公司 管路温度控制装置
US20190017749A1 (en) * 2017-07-12 2019-01-17 Shinko Electric Industries Co., Ltd. Loop heat pipe and method of manufacturing loop heat pipe
US10712098B2 (en) * 2017-07-12 2020-07-14 Shinko Electric Industries Co., Ltd. Loop heat pipe and method of manufacturing loop heat pipe
US20220148745A1 (en) * 2019-03-29 2022-05-12 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Nuclear power generation system and nuclear reactor unit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1238609A (fr) 1971-07-07
BE742161A (fr) 1970-05-04
FR2025458A1 (fr) 1970-09-11
LU57482A1 (fr) 1970-06-09
CH496989A (de) 1970-09-30
NL6917311A (fr) 1970-06-09

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