US3782283A - Defined disintegration of the casing of an explosive element - Google Patents

Defined disintegration of the casing of an explosive element Download PDF

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Publication number
US3782283A
US3782283A US00169272A US3782283DA US3782283A US 3782283 A US3782283 A US 3782283A US 00169272 A US00169272 A US 00169272A US 3782283D A US3782283D A US 3782283DA US 3782283 A US3782283 A US 3782283A
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United States
Prior art keywords
explosive
casing
charge
gaps
explosive device
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US00169272A
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English (en)
Inventor
P Lingens
G Martin
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Dynamit Nobel AG
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Dynamit Nobel AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B1/00—Explosive charges characterised by form or shape but not dependent on shape of container

Definitions

  • the disintegration of the casing is caused by the shock wave and the explosion produced gas pressure associated with progressing detonation front.
  • the disintegration of the casing necessarily occurs in a random manner.
  • undesirable, large fragments result.
  • the mass of the individual fragments varies within a wide range.
  • such process has the disadvantage that it unduly complicates the manufacture of the casing.
  • the desired strength of the casing is often impaired thereby.
  • the gas flow of high velocity is generated in cavities in the explosive, which cavities have any desired geometric, symmetrical as well as asymmetrical cross sections, or irregular boundaries.
  • the cross sections can vary continuously or discontinuously over the length or depth of the cavities or gaps.
  • the gas flow of high velocity and high energy content can be utilized, firstly in a direct manner and/or, secondly, in an indirect manner.
  • the gas flow proper is allowed to be effective on the casing by, for example, providing gaps or fissures in the explosive. Due to the high velocity of the gas flow, a dynamic gas pressure is built up extremely rapidly at the predetermined points of the casing, resulting in a high compressive stress on the easing at the respective points. At these places, there then occurs a preferred rupturing of the casing. If such preferred points are arranged at predetermined intervals in the direction of the progression of the detonation, defined fragments are formed which do not exceed the length of the respective intervals. Thus, the maximum splinter size can be adjusted over a wide range.
  • the gap width can be fixed with the aid of an inert material (metals or nonmetals which do not explode).
  • the cavities in the explosive can also be lined with an inert material (metals or nonmetals).
  • gas currents of high velocity and energy density occurring in perforated explosive charges are surprisingly employable for disintegrating the casing into defined splinters.
  • a defined disintegration of the casing is unexpectedly obtained primarily by a discontinuity in the chronological stress on the casing. It is unexpected, since disintegration, in addition to being affected by the casing material, depends first of all on the detonation pressure, i.e., on the chemical composition and density of the explosive.
  • the cavities serving for conducting the gas currents are subdivided into chambers.
  • the chamber walls can consist of an explosive or inert material.
  • the gas flow is dammed up at the chamber wall, which can also form an angle with the direction of propagation of the flow.
  • the surrounding explosive is ignited before the detonation front in the explosive charge arrives.
  • the new detonation front is propagated radially and results, upon striking the casing, in the rupturing thereof before the detonation front within the explosive element has reached this point.
  • the maximum size of the fragments depends on the length of the chamber.
  • a gas jet high velocity gas flow
  • the fuze train consists of alternating sections of a thick wire and a thin wire of the same length or of different lengths; see, in this connection, German Pat. No. P 16 46 348.2.
  • the thick wire sections which do not explode correspond, in this process, to the chamber length in the above-mentioned bores and therefore to the maximum size of the fragments.
  • the gas jet and/or a fuze train of explosive wires By the use of the gas jet and/or a fuze train of explosive wires, a defined disintegration of the casing is attained, i.e., the formation of small fragments of high velocity exhibiting great piercing power.
  • the process of the present invention represents a simple and economical way for producing defined splinters of the casing of explosive elements. In the manufacture of large explosive elements, it is often advantageous to provide primer rods (also curved or other shapes) within the explosive charge. Explosives and cavities or fuze trains of explosive wires can be disposed in the primer rods.
  • FIG. I is a cross-sectional view of an explosive element with a casing and an internal bore according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 2-6 show cross sections of explosive elements with various arrangements of filled and empty cavities and/or inert partitions according to the invention.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an X-ray photograph of a prior art iron pipe during the disintegration into fragments, wherein the iron pipe was completely filled with explosive.
  • FIG. 8 represents an X-ray flash photograph of the disintegration of an iron pipe according to the invention wherein an explosive column was arranged which was subdivided by partitions into five individual parts, and which had an axial bore.
  • FIG. 9 shows the splinter impacts in an aluminum plate caused by a prior art iron pipe which was completely filled with explosive.
  • FIG. 10 shows the various splinter zones produced by fragments stemming from an iron pipe according to the invention which was filled with an explosive column subdivided into sections by partitions.
  • FIGS. 1-6 having a casing l filled with an explosive 3.
  • This explosive is subdivided by bores 6 (FIGS. 1-5), partitions 4 (FIG. 1) of explosive or partitions 7 of inert material (FIG. 2) inserted in the bore 6, filled or unfilled gaps 8 (FIGS. 3 and 6), or conical flared portions 10 (FIGS. 4 and 5), so that the gas flow of high velocity and energy density is conducted to the casing l or an explosive.
  • Initiator charge 2 is included to ignite explosive 3.
  • Composition B which is an explosive containing 39.5 percent by weight of trinitrotoluene, 59.5 percent by weight of cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine and I percent by weight of wax
  • Composition B which is an explosive containing 39.5 percent by weight of trinitrotoluene, 59.5 percent by weight of cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine and I percent by weight of wax
  • Ignition was effected by means of a blasting cap No. 8 (aluminum cap with primer pellet, a primary charge of 0.3 g. of lead tricinate and a secondary charge of 0.8 g. of tetryl) and a penthrite pressed charge 2 of 36 g. at the open end of the pipe.
  • Example 2 In the following experiments, cylindrical explosive columns 3 of Composition B were brought to a detonative conversion in armor steel pipes having inside and outside diameters, 16 mm. and 18.4 mm., respectively, with pipe lengths of 140 and 280 mm., respectively, by means of a pressed penthrite charge 2 of 18 g. with a blasting cap No. 8 inserted therein, at one end. The distribution of the fragments and the size thereof were determined with the aid of the piercing sites produced by the detonation in an aluminum plate disposed at a distance of 250 mm. The manner in which the steel pipes disintegrated was detected by X-ray flash photography.
  • a further modification of the experiment resided in subdividing the explosive column 3 with or without an axial bore 6, into several adjoining or specifically spaced-apart explosive elements of the same length.
  • the bore was also filled with an inert material 7 in a portion of the cases. (See FIG. 2.)
  • FIG. 8 Due to the premature rupturing of the casing in certain zones of explosive devices according to the invention, fragments are flung outwardly in defined splinter rings. This premature rupturing is shown by the X-ray flash photograph (FIG. 8). An iron pipe filled with an explosive in the normal fashion (FIG. 7) evidences no such rupturing. The same effect is demonstrated by splinter impacts on aluminum plates. In FIG. 10, which corresponds to FIG. 8, the various splinter zones (delineated by lines 11) are clearly apparent, as well as the smallness of the fragments. By comparison the plate of FIG. 9, which shows the splinters of an explosive-filled iron pipe, includes extremely large fragments distributed over an unzoned area.
  • Example 3 A steel pipe, having an inside diameter of 160 mm., a wall thickness of 4.5 mm., and a length of 150 mm., was filled with Composition B, including an axial bore of l6 mm. A rod made of Composition B serving as the primer rod, without or with an axial bore of a diameter of 4 mm., was inserted in the bore in various experimental arrangements. The ignition of the rod was effected by a pressed charge of penthrite of 18 g., inserted in front of the rod, with a blasting cap No. 8 included therein.
  • Primer rod without bore 100 140 mm.
  • Primer rod with continuous bore 90 130 mm.
  • Primer rod with continuous bore wherein the latter was subdivided by a partition of explosive of a thickness of 10 mm. into two chambers of a length of 65 mm. (indirect method): 50 70 mm.
  • Primer rod with a continuous bore wherein the latter was subdivided by partitions of explosive of a thickness of 10 mm. into three chambers of a.
  • Example 4 Steel armor pipes having an internal diameter of 25.5 mm., an external diameter of 28.4 mm. and a length of 320 mm., filled with Composition B, were axially detonated with primer rods with a diameter of l2 mm. having a primer (or fuze) train of explosive wires incorporated therein. The following fragment lengths were observed a. Six 50 mm. nonexplosive wire sections alternated with five 3 mm. explosive wire sections: fragment lengths, 20 50 mm.
  • the explosive surrounding the fuze train consisted of sintered penthrite (pentaerythritol tetranitrate) of a low density.
  • a device for disintegrating a casing into defined splinters comprising a fragmentable casing and means within said casing for producing fragments of a substantially predetermined size range, said means including an explosive charge having at least one cavity or gap arranged within said explosive charge so that, upon detonation of said explosive charge, the high velocity and density gas flow generated therein provides for defined disintegration of said fragmentable casing to producing fragments of said substantially predetermined size range.
  • said at least one cavity or gap includes a plurality of dammingup points for said gas flow, spaced at defined intervals.
  • passageways or gaps are arranged at defined intervals extending outwardly from said bore.
  • said explosive device of claim 14 wherein said explosive charge is a primer charge and said explosive device further comprises a main explosive charge positioned between said primer charge and said enclosing casing.
  • the explosive device of claim 1, wherein the enclosing casing is a pipe having substantially the same wall thickness along the extent thereof and is formed of a material capable of producing fragments for piercing an object.
  • a device for disintegrating a casing into defined splinters comprising a fragmentable casing and means within said casing for producing fragments of a substantially predetermined size range, said means including an explosive charge and a fuze train of explosive wires disposed within said explosive charge and arranged so that upon detonation of said explosive charge by said fuze train defined disintegration of said fragmentable casing with the production of fragments of substantially the predetermined size range results.
  • a process for disintegrating a fragmentable casing into defined splinters comprising the steps of providing an explosive charge within the fragmentable casing, forming gaps or cavities within the explosive charge in such a manner that upon detonation of the explosive charge the casing is disintegrated into fragments of a substantially predetermined size range.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
US00169272A 1970-08-06 1971-08-05 Defined disintegration of the casing of an explosive element Expired - Lifetime US3782283A (en)

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DE19702039131 DE2039131A1 (de) 1970-08-06 1970-08-06 Definierte Zerlegung der Umhuellung eines Sprengkoerpers

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US3782283A true US3782283A (en) 1974-01-01

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US (1) US3782283A (de)
BE (1) BE771024A (de)
DE (1) DE2039131A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2104002A5 (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4184430A (en) * 1977-06-29 1980-01-22 Jet Research Center, Inc. Method and apparatus for severing tubing
US4629452A (en) * 1983-08-29 1986-12-16 Viggo Ab Arrangement in a catheter unit with attachment wings, for infusion cannulas
WO2001073370A1 (de) * 2000-03-25 2001-10-04 TDW Gesellschaft für verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH Sprengladung für einen gefechtskopf
US20040200373A1 (en) * 2003-03-17 2004-10-14 Drake Industries, Llc Solid column explosive charge method for blasting rock
US20090145322A1 (en) * 2006-12-07 2009-06-11 Dave Howerton Blast hole liner

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2606134B1 (fr) * 1986-10-31 1990-08-24 Thomson Brandt Armements Procede de realisation d'un chargement explosif a conformation d'onde et chargement explosif realise par ledit procede

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2622528A (en) * 1945-04-07 1952-12-23 Hercules Powder Co Ltd Explosive cartridge
US2697399A (en) * 1950-07-11 1954-12-21 Du Pont Oil well blasting
US2837996A (en) * 1954-05-04 1958-06-10 Seismograph Service Corp Explosive charge
US3457859A (en) * 1967-11-24 1969-07-29 Hercules Inc Method and system for initiating explosive composition

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2622528A (en) * 1945-04-07 1952-12-23 Hercules Powder Co Ltd Explosive cartridge
US2697399A (en) * 1950-07-11 1954-12-21 Du Pont Oil well blasting
US2837996A (en) * 1954-05-04 1958-06-10 Seismograph Service Corp Explosive charge
US3457859A (en) * 1967-11-24 1969-07-29 Hercules Inc Method and system for initiating explosive composition

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4184430A (en) * 1977-06-29 1980-01-22 Jet Research Center, Inc. Method and apparatus for severing tubing
US4629452A (en) * 1983-08-29 1986-12-16 Viggo Ab Arrangement in a catheter unit with attachment wings, for infusion cannulas
WO2001073370A1 (de) * 2000-03-25 2001-10-04 TDW Gesellschaft für verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH Sprengladung für einen gefechtskopf
US20040200373A1 (en) * 2003-03-17 2004-10-14 Drake Industries, Llc Solid column explosive charge method for blasting rock
US20090145322A1 (en) * 2006-12-07 2009-06-11 Dave Howerton Blast hole liner
US7950328B2 (en) 2006-12-07 2011-05-31 Dave Howerton Blast hole liner

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2104002A5 (de) 1972-04-14
BE771024A (fr) 1971-12-16
DE2039131A1 (de) 1972-02-10

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