US3779318A - Discharge head for discharging fluid in two discharge patterns and fire protection system incorporating said head - Google Patents

Discharge head for discharging fluid in two discharge patterns and fire protection system incorporating said head Download PDF

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Publication number
US3779318A
US3779318A US00295237A US3779318DA US3779318A US 3779318 A US3779318 A US 3779318A US 00295237 A US00295237 A US 00295237A US 3779318D A US3779318D A US 3779318DA US 3779318 A US3779318 A US 3779318A
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United States
Prior art keywords
head
spray
sprays
discharge
heads
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00295237A
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English (en)
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W Livingston
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Factory Mutual Research Corp
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Factory Mutual Research Corp
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
    • A62C31/005—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material using nozzles

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT [52] U.S. CL 169/1 B ⁇ ,1 169/l46, 169/37, A discharge head and a fire protection System mop 39/50 239/515 porating the head in which the head is in the form of [51] Int. Cl A62c 31/26, B05lb6l276 a body member having an inlet adapted for connec [58] Flew of r 1659/1 tion to a source of fluid and an outlet for directly dis- 169/42 2 9/498 50 5 charging the fluid in a solid conical spray pattern. A 524 curved deflector plate cooperates with the outlet of the head for intercepting a portion of the spray and [56] References cued forming an additional discharge pattern.
  • Recent improvements in fire protection systems have included the use of direct discharge nozzles which directly discharge an extinguishant towards the fire in response to predetermined fire conditions, rather than the use of the traditional sprinkler heads which employ a deflector plate, or the like, to break the extinguishant up into a fine mist-like spray.
  • a vane is normally disposed in these direct discharge nozzles for imparting a swirling action to the extinguishant as it passes therethroughto impart a conicallike divergent pattern to the spray of extinguishant.
  • the fire protection system of the present invention comprises a plurality of extinguishant discharge heads located in a structure to be protected, means for connecting said heads to a source of extinguishant, each of said heads having an outlet for directly discharging a spray of extinguishant downwardly towards the floor of said structure in a solid conical spray pattern, and means supported by said heads for intercepting a portion of the respective sprays from said heads and directing said portions at an angle with respect to their respective conical discharge patterns.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a discharge head utilized in the system of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view taken along the line 22 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a partial elevational view of a portion of the head of FIG. ll;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the fire protection system of the present invention shown mounted in a space to be protected.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 are partial sectional views depicting two alternative embodiments of the present invention.
  • the discharge head of the present invention is shown in general by the refemece numeral 10 and comprises a cylindrical body 12 having an upper end portion which is internally threaded as shown at 14 for connection to a source of extinguishant, such as water, and a lower end portion which defines a flared outlet orifice 16.
  • a source of extinguishant such as water
  • a spiral vane 18 is fixed within the body 12 for imparting a swirling motion to water flowing downwardly therethrough to form a solid conical discharge pattern in a conventional manner.
  • a hollow central hub 20 is defined in the vane 18 and supports a rod 22 having a head 24 fixed on its lower end.
  • a pair of ring seals 26 are supported on the head 24 and engage the inner wall of the body 12 to normally prevent water from discharging from the-orifice 16.
  • the rod 22 is latched in the position shown in FIG. 1 by a latching assembly shown in general by the reference numeral 30 in FIG. 1.
  • This assembly includes a rod 32 which slidably extends through an externally threaded boss 34 projecting from the side of the body 12.
  • One end of the rod 32 extends through the vane 18 and the wall of the central hub 20 into a slot 36 in the rod 22 to latch it in the position shown in FIG. 1.
  • a sleeve 38 is threaded on the end of the boss 34.
  • the outer end of the sleeve 38 is closed off by an externally threaded stub shaft 40 having a ring or yoke 42 thereon.
  • the rod 32 slidably extends through the stub shaft 40, and the other end of the rod engages a conventional thermal fuse element 44 positioned within the ring 42.
  • the fuse element 44 prevents movement of the rod 32 to the right as viewed in FIG. 1, until the heat of a fire fuses the element so that it collapses. Since the fuse element 44 is the standard type commonly used in conventional sprinkler heads now on the market, it will not be described in greater detail.
  • the rod 32 has a piston head 46 mounted thereon which slidably engages the internal wall of the sleeve 38.
  • a spring 48 is positioned between the boss 34 and the piston head 46 to bias the piston head and the rod 32 to the right with a predetermined biasing force.
  • the extinguishant discharge pattern from the outlet orifice 16 is in the form of a solid cone which diverges outwardly from the orifice.
  • a curved deflector plate 50 is mounted relative to the outlet orifice 16 in a manner to intercept a portion of the spray discharging from the outlet orifice and direct same outwardly away from the normal solid conical spray pattern.
  • struts 52 support the deflector plate 50 relative to the body 12 in a manner so that the upper surface of the plate is spaced slightly from the inner surface of the body 12 defining the outlet orifice 16.
  • the struts 52 may be attached to the deflector plate 50 in any conventional manner such as by welding or the like and are attached to the body 12 by means of bolts 54 extending through openings in the respective struts and into corresponding tapped holes provided in the body.
  • bolts 54 extending through openings in the respective struts and into corresponding tapped holes provided in the body.
  • there are three openings provided through each strut 52 for receiving its corresponding bolt so that the position of the struts, and therefore the deflector plate 50, can be varied in order to vary the space between the upper surface of the plate and the inner surface of the body 12. This, of course, enables the amount of the discharge spray that is intercepted by the plate 50 to be adjusted.
  • the design is such that the deflector plate intercepts a relatively small portion of the conical discharge pattern from the outlet orifice 16, such as 8-12 percent depending on the position that the struts 50 are mounted on the body 12 by the bolts 54.
  • a fire protection system incorporating the discharge head of the present invention is shown schematically in connection with FIG. 4 of the drawings mounted in an elevated position in a building 60 having a floor 62 and a ceiling 64.
  • the heads 10 are spaced apart a predetermined distance, such as 15 feet, and are mounted relatively close to the ceiling 64 in any conventional manner, with three adjacent heads being shown in FIG. 4 as an example.
  • Each head is supplied with extinguishant, such as water, from a source via a riser 66 and a plurality of branch lines, one of which is shown by the reference numeral 68.
  • extinguishant such as water
  • the combustible materials which are to be protected in the building 60 are represented by the reference letters A-G.
  • the extinguishant Upon a fire occurring in the building 60 of the magnitude to actuate the thermal links 44 of each of the heads 10, the extinguishant will discharge from each head in the primary solid conical shaped discharge patterns shown by the reference letters X in FIG. 4.
  • the deflector plates 50 associated with each head will intercept the outer peripheral portion of its respective spray and deflect same in the arcuate patterns shown by the reference letters Y, which patterns fall between the primary conical discharge patterns X. As a result extinguishant will be continuously discharged across the uppermost surfaces of the combustible materials A-G.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 Two alternate embodiments of the discharge head of the present invention are depicted in FIGS. 5 and 6. Since the basic structure in each of the latter embodiments is identical to that of the previous embodiment, the identical structure will be given the same reference numerals.
  • a plurality of compression springs connect the deflector plate 50 to the body member 12 in a manner similar to the struts 52, of the previous embodiment.
  • the springs 70 will enable the deflector plate 50 to move between the positions shown by the solid lines and the dashed lines in response to variations in pressure of the extin guishant discharging from the outlet orifice l6 and vary the distance between the upper surface of the plate, and the inner surface of the body member 12 defining the outlet orifice 16.
  • the amount of the primary discharge spray from the outlet orifice 16 that is intercepted by the deflector plate 50 will vary in accordance with these variations in extinguishant pressure.
  • the deflector plate 50 is replaced by a deflector plate 72 which is curved at its outer edges to direct the intercepted extinguishant upwardly against the ceiling of the building in which the head is mounted. This effects a cooling of the ceiling without a substantial sacrifice in extinguishant.
  • the springs 70 of the embodiment of FIG. 5 may be utilized in place of the struts 52 of the embodiment of FIG. 6, if desired.
  • the discharge head, and the fire protection system incorporating the head, of the present invention enjoys several advantages. For example, it enables a continuous discharge of extinguishant to exist across a predetermined reference plane in the building to be protected yet does not require an increase in head size or decrease in head spacing.
  • the head of the present invention also responds in a favorable manner to variations in flow rates through its outlet.
  • the flow rate through the system decreases as a result of several heads opening to fight the fire, the primary solid conical spray pattern angle from the open heads will narrow causing a corresponding decrease in the amount of spray intercepted by the deflector plates, resulting in an efficient use of the extinguishant.
  • a fire protection system for buildings and the like comprising a plurality of extinguishant discharge heads located in the space to be protected, means for connecting said heads to a source of extinguishant, each of said heads having an outlet for discharging a spray of said extinguishant in a pattern of a generally solid circuit cross-section, means supported by said heads for intercepting the outer peripheral portion of the respective sprays from said heads and directing said portions outwardly from their respective sprays, the remaining portions of each of said sprays being allowed to discharge directly towards a predetermined assigned area in said space.
  • the system of claim 1 further comprising means responsive to variations in a predetermined condition of said system for varying the amounts of said intercepted sprays.
  • said predetermined condition of said system is the extinguishant pressure at each of said heads 7.
  • said intercepting means directs said intercepted sprays in a substantially radial direction relative to said remaining portions of said sprays.
  • a discharge head comprising a body member having an inlet adapted for connection to a source of fluid and an outlet for discharging a spray of said fluid in a pattern of a generally solid circular cross-section, and means supported by said body member for intercepting the outer peripheral portion of said spray and directing said portion outwardly from the remaining portion of said spray and towards an assigned area a predetermined distance from said body member, said remaining portion of said spray being allowed to discharge directly and unimpeded towards said area to provide a continuous spray pattern across said area.
  • the head of claim 9 further comprising means responsive to variations in the fluid pressure in said head for varying the amount of said intercepted spray.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
US00295237A 1972-10-05 1972-10-05 Discharge head for discharging fluid in two discharge patterns and fire protection system incorporating said head Expired - Lifetime US3779318A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US29523772A 1972-10-05 1972-10-05

Publications (1)

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US3779318A true US3779318A (en) 1973-12-18

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Country Status (6)

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US (1) US3779318A (it)
JP (1) JPS4971797A (it)
CA (1) CA950794A (it)
FR (1) FR2202449A5 (it)
GB (1) GB1406934A (it)
IT (1) IT991995B (it)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3972289A (en) * 1975-04-04 1976-08-03 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Temperature-sensitive disarming element
EP0057345A2 (de) * 1981-02-04 1982-08-11 Franz Ragailler Spritzgerät
US4869103A (en) * 1988-06-03 1989-09-26 Jerman James K Water flow measuring and dispersing device
US5261494A (en) * 1991-07-17 1993-11-16 Mcloughlin John E Firefighting nozzle
EP1416083A1 (en) * 2002-11-01 2004-05-06 Kvaerner Power Oy Black liquor nozzle
US20050001065A1 (en) * 2001-08-01 2005-01-06 Kidde-Fenwal, Inc. Nozzle apparatus and method for atomizing fluids
US20100032491A1 (en) * 2008-07-08 2010-02-11 Elkhart Brass Manufacturing Company, Inc. Fire fighting nozzle
WO2017106532A1 (en) * 2015-12-15 2017-06-22 Globe Fire Sprinkler Corporation Fire protection systems and methods for attic/combustible concealed spaces beneath pitched roofs using preaction sprinkler valve assemblies and related dry sprinkler devices
US9901763B2 (en) 2015-07-28 2018-02-27 Globe Fire Sprinkler Corporation Preaction sprinkler valve assemblies, related dry sprinkler devices and fire protection sprinkler systems
US10646736B2 (en) 2015-07-28 2020-05-12 Victaulic Company Preaction sprinkler valve assemblies, related dry sprinkler devices adapted for long travel, and fire protection sprinkler systems
US10850144B2 (en) 2017-06-14 2020-12-01 Victaulic Company Preaction sprinkler valve assemblies, related dry sprinkler devices, and compressive activation mechanism
EP3651866A4 (en) * 2017-07-13 2021-04-07 Victaulic Company PRE-ACTION FIRE EXTINGUISHER VALVES, ASSOCIATED COMPRESSED AIR EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS AND FIRE PROTECTION EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
US11045675B2 (en) 2018-02-02 2021-06-29 Victaulic Company Belleville seal for valve seat having a tear drop laminar flow feature

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8426823D0 (en) * 1984-10-23 1984-11-28 Paterson C J W Projector deluge system
GB2177912B (en) * 1985-07-16 1989-02-01 Eugene Mcsweeney Fire extinguisher system
JP4621337B2 (ja) * 2000-07-05 2011-01-26 ヤマトプロテック株式会社 消火用ノズル及び消火方法
CN113617551B (zh) * 2021-10-09 2021-12-07 寿光市博达机械制造有限公司 旋涡式尿素喷嘴

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1286333A (en) * 1917-02-28 1918-12-03 Elmer Johnson Fire-extinguisher spray-nozzle.
US1606377A (en) * 1923-09-05 1926-11-09 Charles R Murray Basement circulator
US1674480A (en) * 1927-09-10 1928-06-19 A M Lockett & Company Ltd Spray nozzle
US1931689A (en) * 1931-02-04 1933-10-24 C F Braun & Co Inc Spray nozzle
US3407879A (en) * 1966-06-17 1968-10-29 Harrel W. O'rear Fire extinguishing system
US3666183A (en) * 1970-12-30 1972-05-30 Combustion Eng Wide angle solid cone spray nozzle capable of handling slurry flow
US3705691A (en) * 1971-09-08 1972-12-12 Factory Mutual Res Corp Discharge head utilizing a pressure-responsive detent mechanism

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1286333A (en) * 1917-02-28 1918-12-03 Elmer Johnson Fire-extinguisher spray-nozzle.
US1606377A (en) * 1923-09-05 1926-11-09 Charles R Murray Basement circulator
US1674480A (en) * 1927-09-10 1928-06-19 A M Lockett & Company Ltd Spray nozzle
US1931689A (en) * 1931-02-04 1933-10-24 C F Braun & Co Inc Spray nozzle
US3407879A (en) * 1966-06-17 1968-10-29 Harrel W. O'rear Fire extinguishing system
US3666183A (en) * 1970-12-30 1972-05-30 Combustion Eng Wide angle solid cone spray nozzle capable of handling slurry flow
US3705691A (en) * 1971-09-08 1972-12-12 Factory Mutual Res Corp Discharge head utilizing a pressure-responsive detent mechanism

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3972289A (en) * 1975-04-04 1976-08-03 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Temperature-sensitive disarming element
EP0057345A2 (de) * 1981-02-04 1982-08-11 Franz Ragailler Spritzgerät
EP0057345A3 (en) * 1981-02-04 1982-10-13 Franz Ragailler Sprinkling apparatus
US4869103A (en) * 1988-06-03 1989-09-26 Jerman James K Water flow measuring and dispersing device
US5261494A (en) * 1991-07-17 1993-11-16 Mcloughlin John E Firefighting nozzle
US20050001065A1 (en) * 2001-08-01 2005-01-06 Kidde-Fenwal, Inc. Nozzle apparatus and method for atomizing fluids
EP1416083A1 (en) * 2002-11-01 2004-05-06 Kvaerner Power Oy Black liquor nozzle
US20040123813A1 (en) * 2002-11-01 2004-07-01 Kvaerner Power Oy Black liquor gun
US6874449B2 (en) 2002-11-01 2005-04-05 Kvaerner Power Oy Black liquor gun
US8820424B2 (en) * 2008-07-08 2014-09-02 Elkhart Brass Manufacturing Company, Inc. Fire fighting nozzle
US20100032491A1 (en) * 2008-07-08 2010-02-11 Elkhart Brass Manufacturing Company, Inc. Fire fighting nozzle
US9901763B2 (en) 2015-07-28 2018-02-27 Globe Fire Sprinkler Corporation Preaction sprinkler valve assemblies, related dry sprinkler devices and fire protection sprinkler systems
US10646736B2 (en) 2015-07-28 2020-05-12 Victaulic Company Preaction sprinkler valve assemblies, related dry sprinkler devices adapted for long travel, and fire protection sprinkler systems
US10653908B2 (en) 2015-07-28 2020-05-19 Victaulic Company Preaction sprinkler valve assemblies, related dry sprinkler devices and fire protection sprinkler systems
US11027163B2 (en) 2015-07-28 2021-06-08 Victaulic Company Preaction sprinkler valve assemblies, related dry sprinkler devices and fire protection sprinkler systems
US11547888B2 (en) 2015-07-28 2023-01-10 Victaulic Company Preaction sprinkler valve assemblies, related dry sprinkler devices and fire protection sprinkler systems
WO2017106532A1 (en) * 2015-12-15 2017-06-22 Globe Fire Sprinkler Corporation Fire protection systems and methods for attic/combustible concealed spaces beneath pitched roofs using preaction sprinkler valve assemblies and related dry sprinkler devices
US10850144B2 (en) 2017-06-14 2020-12-01 Victaulic Company Preaction sprinkler valve assemblies, related dry sprinkler devices, and compressive activation mechanism
EP3651866A4 (en) * 2017-07-13 2021-04-07 Victaulic Company PRE-ACTION FIRE EXTINGUISHER VALVES, ASSOCIATED COMPRESSED AIR EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS AND FIRE PROTECTION EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
US11045675B2 (en) 2018-02-02 2021-06-29 Victaulic Company Belleville seal for valve seat having a tear drop laminar flow feature

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA950794A (en) 1974-07-09
FR2202449A5 (it) 1974-05-03
DE2336555B2 (de) 1975-10-16
GB1406934A (en) 1975-09-17
DE2336555A1 (de) 1974-04-11
IT991995B (it) 1975-08-30
JPS4971797A (it) 1974-07-11

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