US3778895A - Method of fabricating an aluminum clad multiplex superconductor - Google Patents

Method of fabricating an aluminum clad multiplex superconductor Download PDF

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Publication number
US3778895A
US3778895A US00300345A US3778895DA US3778895A US 3778895 A US3778895 A US 3778895A US 00300345 A US00300345 A US 00300345A US 3778895D A US3778895D A US 3778895DA US 3778895 A US3778895 A US 3778895A
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United States
Prior art keywords
superconductor
aluminum
multiplex
unit
copper
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US00300345A
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English (en)
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H Nomura
S Shimamoto
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National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST
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Agency of Industrial Science and Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N60/00—Superconducting devices
    • H10N60/20—Permanent superconducting devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N60/00—Superconducting devices
    • H10N60/01—Manufacture or treatment
    • H10N60/0128—Manufacture or treatment of composite superconductor filaments
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N60/00—Superconducting devices
    • H10N60/01—Manufacture or treatment
    • H10N60/0156—Manufacture or treatment of devices comprising Nb or an alloy of Nb with one or more of the elements of group IVB, e.g. titanium, zirconium or hafnium
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9265—Special properties
    • Y10S428/93—Electric superconducting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S505/00—Superconductor technology: apparatus, material, process
    • Y10S505/80—Material per se process of making same
    • Y10S505/815—Process of making per se
    • Y10S505/818—Coating
    • Y10S505/821—Wire
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S505/00—Superconductor technology: apparatus, material, process
    • Y10S505/825—Apparatus per se, device per se, or process of making or operating same
    • Y10S505/917—Mechanically manufacturing superconductor
    • Y10S505/926—Mechanically joining superconductive members
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S505/00—Superconductor technology: apparatus, material, process
    • Y10S505/825—Apparatus per se, device per se, or process of making or operating same
    • Y10S505/917—Mechanically manufacturing superconductor
    • Y10S505/928—Metal deforming
    • Y10S505/93—Metal deforming by drawing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49014—Superconductor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12736—Al-base component
    • Y10T428/12743—Next to refractory [Group IVB, VB, or VIB] metal-base component

Definitions

  • An aluminum clad multiplex superconductor comprises an aluminum alloy cladding and a multiplex superconductor inserted into the cladding and is constructed with a plurality of unit superconductors twisted or braided with each other, each of which unit superconductors is constructed with a strand of a pinrality of superconductive wires, an intermediate aluminum layer and a relatively hard aluminum alloy layer surrounding the intermediate layer.
  • the intermediate aluminum layer serves to prevent the flowing phenomenon during the withdrawing of the unit superconductor.
  • the present invention relates to a method of fabricating an aluminum clad multiplex superconductor.
  • the resistivity of aluminum is 3 X 10" cm) and that of copper is 1 2 X *(0 cm) as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the thermal conductivities of aluminum and copper in the vicinity of 4.2K they are 33('W/cml() and 3(W/cmK), respectively, as shown in FIG. 2'.
  • the thermal diffusion coeffi- .ciency Dth which is defined as (thermal conductivity (K)/specific heat (C) X specific gravity (d)
  • those of copper (OFHC, 99.99%) and aluminum (purer than 99.995%) are 0.12 X 10 and 43 X 10, respectively.
  • the magnetic diffusion coefficiency Dm which is defined as (electric resistance (R)/,u. (magnetic permeability)
  • that of copper is 1 2 X l0"/p. while that of aluminum is 3 X 10' 1.,
  • the heat discharging ratio of aluminum to copper for unit cross Dth(Al)/1-(Al) yq Dth(A l Dm(A1)) Dth(C u )/1-(Cu) 8.95 Dth(Cu) Dm(Cu) 2.70 r gofso Since the heat and/or magnetic flux pass through the surface of the superconductor, the value of the ratio for unit coating thickness becomes V 3 (T- V6 0, that is, the heat discharging capability of aluminum is 5.5 7.7 times that of copper.
  • FIG. 3 shows the current density for the total cross sectional area of the coated superconductor, in percentage, when a unit current I is flowing through the superconductive core line and the cross sectional area ratio of the core line to the coating metal is selected as l 2.
  • the area ratio of the superconductive wire to a copper cladding is 1 4
  • the ratio of the superconductive wire to the pure aluminum can be on the order of l 0.2 to obtain substantially the same stability as that obtained by the copper cladding. That is, when the pure aluminum is employed with the same sized core wire, the current density for the total cross sectional area of the superconductor can be increased from 17% to i.e., the current density becomes 4.4 times that obtained with the copper coating.
  • aluminum oxide electrical insulating film of very hard alumite
  • This film has excellent voltage withstanding characteristics and the thermal conductivity thereof in the radial direction through the insulating film to helium, when compared with the conventional polyvinylformal coating on copper cladding, b'ecomes about one thousand times that of the conventional organic film since the thermal conductivity of the organic film is 0.00154 W/cmC while that of the alumite is 0.164 W/cmC, and the thickness of the alumite can be about one tenth of the organic film.
  • the mechanical strength, i.e., the tension strength of aluminum is 4kg/mm at 20C and considerably less than that of copper the value of which is 24ltg/mm at 20C even though the value of aluminum at 4.2K'becomes several times that at 20C.
  • a primary object of the present invention is to provide a method of fabricating an aluminum clad multiplex superconductor having the above described many advantages in actual use.
  • FIG. I shows the temperature vs electric resistance characteristics of aluminum and copper
  • FIG. 2 shows the temperature vs thermal conductivity characteristics of aluminum and copper
  • FIG. 3 shows the current density, in percentage with respect to a unit current flowing through a superconductive wire when a superconductor constituted with a superconductive wire and a coating of either aluminum or copper is wound to form a fully packed solenoid with a cross sectional area ratio of the wire to the coating being 1 2 and the unit current flowing through the wire is averaged over the total cross sectional area of the wire and the coating,
  • FIG. 4 shows the magneto-resistance characteristics of aluminum and copper and FIG. 5 shows the relation between the workability (area reduction factor) and Vickers hardness;
  • FIG. 6(A) is a cross section of unit superconductor according to the present invention prior to the wiredrawing thereof;
  • FIG. 6(B) is a formation of twisted superconductive cylinders or wires
  • FIG. 7 is a cross section of unit superconductor according to the present invention after the wire-drawing thereof;
  • FIGS. 8A and 8B show the current vs voltage characteristics (thermal hysterisis) of the present unit super conductor constituted with a superconductive wire having a copper and a aluminum coating respectively;
  • FIGS. 9A and 9B show examples of the present aluminum clad multiplex superconductor constructed with a plurality of the unit superconductors.
  • FIG. 6 there is shown the fundamental structure of a unit superconductor ofthe present invention prior to the wiredrawing thereof, in which, in order to prevent the highly pure aluminum cladding from being stretched alone, a strand of three superconductive twisted cylinders or wires 1 is inserted into a pipe 2 of 99.99% aluminum and then the pipe 2 is inserted into anothrpipe 3 of aluminum alloy having a suitable hardness, to thereby constitute a triple layer structure.
  • the pure aluminum pipe 2 is deformed initially to fill up the screw gaps 4 with a portion of the volume of the pipe 2.
  • the flowing between the aluminum pipe, the aluminum alloy pipe and the strand of superconductive wires can be re- .,..,stnctett.to less mamflmheu the P 3 is made of 2.5% Mg 0.25% Cr Al alloy, the Jamar the flowlig after the filling up of the gaps with the pure aluminum being determined by the hardness of the aluminum alloy.
  • FIGS. 8(A) and 8(8) Experimental data of the unit superconductor having copper cladding and the present unit superconductor are shown in FIGS. 8(A) and 8(8) respectively. It will be clear from these data that the unit superconductor having a copper cladding has a thermal hysterisis while the present unit superconductor having aluminum cladding has no thermal hysterisis. In FIGS. 8(A) and 8(B), the data were obtained by standardizing the cross sectional area ratios.
  • the unit superconductor having aluminum cladding thus produced through the aforementioned process is furtherworked, in order to make it suitable for use in a large scale electromagnet. Thereafter a plurality of the present unit superconductors each having an aluminum cladding are bundled and twisted, or braided.
  • the unit superconductors are, as required, twisted or braided after being treated to provide them with an alumite coating.
  • the multiplex superconductor may be inserted into a sheath of aluminum alloy such as 2.5 Mg 0.25 Cr Al or duralumin, etc. or may be surrounded by a sheet of such aluminum alloy, and then pressed or drawn, if necessary.
  • the present multiplex superconductor is made completely of non-organic materials it is clear that it can be heat-treated for a suitable time at a suitable temperature, after the mechanical process for forming the multiplex superconductor structure is completed and- /or the alumite forming process for the respective unit superconductors is performed. Since the melting point of the alumite layer is very high, no burning occurs and the mechanical strength thereof is considerably large.
  • the aluminum clad multiplex superconductor fabricated in accordance with the present invention may be further suitably worked. For example, another electric insulator layer having reasonable mechanical strength may be provided electrically on the outer surface of the outermost aluminum sheath.
  • the present multiplex superconductor having aluminum cladding can be easily wound as a solenoid.
  • FIGS. 9A and 9B are cross-sectional views of a multiplex superconductor fabricated in accordance with the present invention, the structure of the multiplex superconductor being constituted with a plurality of the unit superconductors each having the triple layer structure.
  • the unit superconductors are inserted into a pipe or sheath of aluminum alloy, etc. (FIG. 9 (A)) or surrounded by a sheet of aluminum alloy (FIG. 9(B)). Areas shown in white represent highly pure aluminum and the areas of oblique lines show the aluminum alloy and/or alumite claddings.
  • a metal wire of high tensile strength such as stainless steel wire or piano wire can be twisted together with or transposal for a part of the aluminum clad superconductors to reinforce the multiplex superconductor against said forces.
  • the multiplex superconductor fabricated in accordance with the present invention can be widely applied to such electro-magnets as those which are used to produce high magnetic fields and are subjected to a very high Lorenty force, those which are used for maintaining a linear motor in floating condition and are required to be light weight, compact and capable of carrying a very high current density (In practice, the weight and the volume of a magnet constructed with the present superconductor can respectively be reduced to at least one sixth and one fourth those of the conventional magnet.), those used for MHD, particle acceleration, spark chambers and bubble chambers, those used for enclosing the plasma of a nuclear fusion reactor, those used for the electric lens of an electron microscope, those used for electric power transmission cable, etc.
  • a method of fabricating an aluminum clad multiplex superconductor comprising the steps of inserting a pipe of highly pure aluminum into another pipe of aluminum alloy having more than 50 of Vickers hardness, inserting a strand of more than three superconductive twisted cylinders or wires into said pure aluminum pipe, wire-drawing an assembly of said pipe and said strand to form a unit superconductor, bundling and twisting or braiding a plurality of said unit superconductors to form a multiplex superconductor, and surrounding the outer surface of said multiplex superconductor with an aluminum alloy layer.
  • a method of fabricating an aluminum clad multiplex superconductor as set forth in claim 1 further comprising the steps of providing an electric insulating layer on the outer surface of said aluminum alloy layer surrounding said multiplex superconductor by alumite treatment of the outer surface of said aluminum alloy layer.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
  • Wire Processing (AREA)
  • Superconductor Devices And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
US00300345A 1970-12-28 1972-10-24 Method of fabricating an aluminum clad multiplex superconductor Expired - Lifetime US3778895A (en)

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JP (1) JPS5036159B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2165130B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2124675A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4078299A (en) * 1972-09-11 1978-03-14 The Furukawa Electric Co. Ltd. Method of manufacturing flexible superconducting composite compound wires
US4109374A (en) * 1975-08-28 1978-08-29 Aluminum Company Of America Superconductor composite and method of making the same
US4148129A (en) * 1976-11-01 1979-04-10 Airco, Inc. Aluminum-stabilized multifilamentary superconductor and method of its manufacture
US4171464A (en) * 1977-06-27 1979-10-16 The United State of America as represented by the U. S. Department of Energy High specific heat superconducting composite
US4200767A (en) * 1976-01-13 1980-04-29 Agency Of Industrial Science & Technology Superconductor covered with reinforced aluminum matrix
US4659007A (en) * 1981-05-28 1987-04-21 Agency Of Industrial Science & Technology The method for producing an Al-stabilized superconducting wire
US4739200A (en) * 1986-04-23 1988-04-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Cryogenic wound rotor for lightweight, high voltage generators
US4743713A (en) * 1984-02-10 1988-05-10 United States Department Of Energy Aluminum-stabilized NB3SN superconductor
US4757161A (en) * 1985-11-12 1988-07-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Composite superconducting conductor with several conductor strands and a method for manufacturing the same
US4927985A (en) * 1988-08-12 1990-05-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Cryogenic conductor
US6428858B1 (en) 2001-01-25 2002-08-06 Jimmie Brooks Bolton Wire for thermal spraying system

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59132511A (ja) * 1983-01-19 1984-07-30 住友電気工業株式会社 Ａｌ安定化超電導々体の製造方法
DE3905805C2 (de) * 1988-03-14 1993-10-14 Nat Research Inst For Metals T Verfahren zur Herstellung eines drahtförmigen supraleitenden Verbundgegenstands
IT1266848B1 (it) * 1994-05-31 1997-01-21 Europa Metalli Lmi Metodo per la produzione di elementi superconduttori adatti alla realizzazione di magneti cms a per altri impieghi similari ed elemento

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3618205A (en) * 1967-04-27 1971-11-09 Imp Metal Ind Kynoch Ltd Method of fabricating a composite superconducting wire
US3625662A (en) * 1970-05-18 1971-12-07 Brunswick Corp Superconductor
US3708606A (en) * 1970-05-13 1973-01-02 Air Reduction Cryogenic system including variations of hollow superconducting wire

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3618205A (en) * 1967-04-27 1971-11-09 Imp Metal Ind Kynoch Ltd Method of fabricating a composite superconducting wire
US3708606A (en) * 1970-05-13 1973-01-02 Air Reduction Cryogenic system including variations of hollow superconducting wire
US3625662A (en) * 1970-05-18 1971-12-07 Brunswick Corp Superconductor

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4078299A (en) * 1972-09-11 1978-03-14 The Furukawa Electric Co. Ltd. Method of manufacturing flexible superconducting composite compound wires
US4109374A (en) * 1975-08-28 1978-08-29 Aluminum Company Of America Superconductor composite and method of making the same
US4285120A (en) * 1976-01-13 1981-08-25 Harehiko Nomura Superconductor covered with reinforced aluminum matrix and method for manufacture thereof
US4200767A (en) * 1976-01-13 1980-04-29 Agency Of Industrial Science & Technology Superconductor covered with reinforced aluminum matrix
US4148129A (en) * 1976-11-01 1979-04-10 Airco, Inc. Aluminum-stabilized multifilamentary superconductor and method of its manufacture
US4242536A (en) * 1976-11-01 1980-12-30 Airco, Inc. Aluminum-stabilized multifilamentary superconductor
US4171464A (en) * 1977-06-27 1979-10-16 The United State of America as represented by the U. S. Department of Energy High specific heat superconducting composite
US4659007A (en) * 1981-05-28 1987-04-21 Agency Of Industrial Science & Technology The method for producing an Al-stabilized superconducting wire
US4743713A (en) * 1984-02-10 1988-05-10 United States Department Of Energy Aluminum-stabilized NB3SN superconductor
US4757161A (en) * 1985-11-12 1988-07-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Composite superconducting conductor with several conductor strands and a method for manufacturing the same
US4739200A (en) * 1986-04-23 1988-04-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Cryogenic wound rotor for lightweight, high voltage generators
US4927985A (en) * 1988-08-12 1990-05-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Cryogenic conductor
US6428858B1 (en) 2001-01-25 2002-08-06 Jimmie Brooks Bolton Wire for thermal spraying system
US6861612B2 (en) 2001-01-25 2005-03-01 Jimmie Brooks Bolton Methods for using a laser beam to apply wear-reducing material to tool joints

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DE2165130B2 (de) 1977-12-22
JPS5036159B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-11-21
DE2165130A1 (de) 1972-07-20
FR2124675A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-09-22

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