US3776696A - Liquid sensitometry of photographic emulsion - Google Patents

Liquid sensitometry of photographic emulsion Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3776696A
US3776696A US00188404A US3776696DA US3776696A US 3776696 A US3776696 A US 3776696A US 00188404 A US00188404 A US 00188404A US 3776696D A US3776696D A US 3776696DA US 3776696 A US3776696 A US 3776696A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
emulsion
photographic emulsion
liquid
developer
sensitometry
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00188404A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
H Kato
H Takeda
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fujifilm Holdings Corp
Original Assignee
Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd filed Critical Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3776696A publication Critical patent/US3776696A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
    • G03C5/02—Sensitometric processes, e.g. determining sensitivity, colour sensitivity, gradation, graininess, density; Making sensitometric wedges

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A method of performing liquid sensitometry on a liquid photographic emulsion wherein the photographic emulsion is exposed to radiation and then caused to flow in contact with a developer solution. The photographic emulsion and developer remain in distinct layers in contact with each other. During the period when the developer and emulsion flow together, the emulsion is developed by diffusion and penetration of the developer at the interface between the developer and emulsion. The optical density of the developed emulsion is continuously measured.
  • a sample of emulsion is coated on a base support such as film paper or other fabric and dried thereon.
  • the resulting sensitized material is cut into strips, exposed to light of graduated intensity, developed, fixed, washed and dried.
  • the optical density of the resulting image is then measured in a demsitomet er. From the data thus obtained, various photograpic characteristics of the material can be determined.
  • tests are relatively time cn5uming,.requiring hours or even days, and thus inadquate to test and/or control the properties of emulsions by measurement of photographic characteristics during the course of manufacture.
  • Liquid emulsion sensitometry is a rapid and simple method for determining relative densities produced upon exposure and development of photographic emulsion which is disclosed, in U.S. Pat. No. 2,590,830.
  • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION -It is an object of the invention to provide an improved method of liquid emulsion sensitometry based on a different concept than U.S Pat. No. 2,590,830.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a method of liquid sensitometry of photographic emulsion without losing advantages of the conventional liquid emulsion sensitometry.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a method of liquid emulsion sensitometry for obtaining a relation between exposure and density rapidly and easilywhile changing the quantity of exposure (i.e., the product of the length of time of the exposure and the intensity of the radiation source).
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide a method of liquid emulsion sensitometry without the contamination of vessel walls.
  • the above objects can be attained by flowing a liquid silver halide photographic emulsion and a developer solution in such a manner that they are separated into two distinct contacting layers to diffuse and penetrate the developer solution into the liquid emulsion at the interface therebetween, whereby the liquid emulsion is developed.
  • the optical density of the developed liquid emulsion is continuously measured.
  • FIGS. la lf are views illustrating the conventional liquid sensitometry of photographic emulsion
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 are views showing the apparatus for practical embodiments of the method according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a characteristic curve showing the photographic properties obtained by the method according to the invention.
  • a melted photographic emulsion 10 is measured by a measuring device 11, and the emulsion is introduced in a transparent vessel 12 as an inspection sample 13. Exposing the transparent vessel 12 to a light source 14, the sample 13 is exposed in a liquid state. A prescribed quantity of developer solution 15 is added to the sample, and the resulting mixture is sufficiently stirred with an agitator 16 so as to effect development. In order to stop development at the end of the desired period, a predetermined quantity of stopping solution or fixing solution 17 is added to the sample 13, and the optical density of the sample 13 is then measured in a densitometer, comprising a light source 18, a collimator l9, and a light receiver 20.
  • the above-mentioned developing operations must be repeated, while varying the quantity of exposure, for determining the definite relation between the quantity of exposure and the density of emulsion, thus the total measurement is troublesome.
  • a process is known in which the liquid emulsion sensitometry is carried out continuously by changing exposure by means of a flow tube, even in this case, due to the velocity distribution of flow, emulsions, which are exposed to various exposure levels and mixed with developer solution, are measured" together at the density measuring point in the downstream of flow tube, so that it is difficult to obtain an accurate value of density under each exposure level when the exposure is varied rapidly and continuously.
  • FIG. 2 is an apparatus. showing an embodiment of the method according to the invention.
  • developer solution 51 is conducted through a tube 50 in a perfect laminar flow.
  • a small tube 52 inserted in the upper portion A of a tube 50 and liquid emulsion 53 is extruded from tube 52 in a thread form into the central portion of the tube 50.
  • the liquid emulsion is conducted such that it is surrounded by the developer solution while the liquid emulsion and the dveloper solution are distinctly separated.
  • the emulsion and the developer solution are made to flow at a predetermined constant rate of flow utilizing head pressure or a metering pump.
  • Tube 52 comprises a material which is transparent to light of the wavelength to be employed in the exposure.
  • the radiation is derived from light source 54 and controlled by a suitable intensity control device.
  • the thread emulsion 53 is carried in such a state that the relative position is fixed, or in' a socalled piston flow, no problems arise upon mixing because of the velocity distribution of flow in the tube, when exposure is changed rapidly and continuously which occurs in the conventional method.
  • the quantity of silver reduced by development is determined at a density measuring point B on the downstream of the tube 50 where development proceeded for an optimum developing period which was determined previously.
  • a beam of light from a source 55 passes through collimeter 56 and is focused on the emulsion 53 through a window of tube 50, and the transmitted light or reflected light is measured by a light receiver 57.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the apparatus show-. ing another embodiment of the method according to the invention.
  • a developer solution 61 is extruded from a discharge slot 65 onto the downwardly inclined slide surface 60 in the form ofa layer, and flows down on the slide surface under the influence of gravity.
  • a liquid emulsion layer 62 is extruded from a discharge slot 66 onto the downwardly slide surface 60.
  • the liquid emulsion layer 62 flows up on top of the layer 61 of the developer solution and the two then flow together down slide surface 60 separated into two distinct layers.
  • the optical density, due to silver reduced by development, is determined by projecting light from a source 63 on a density measuring point C where development has proceeded for an optimum predetermined developing time, and measuring the transmitted light or reflected light with a light receiver 64.
  • This example was carried out by using the apparatus shown by FIG. 2.
  • phenidone-hydroquinone developer (PQ developer) at C was continuously supplied into a tube 50
  • a high speed X-ray photographic emulsion at 30 C was extruded in a thread state from a small tube 52 into the center of tube 50.
  • an inner diameter of the tube 50 was 2.3 mm.
  • a diameter of the thread liquid emulsion was 0.2 mm.
  • a linear velocity of the thread liquid emulsion was 3.1 cm./sec.
  • the emulsion flowing in the small tube 52 was exposed to a light source, in which the quantity of exposure was controlled by continuously changing the density of a neutral density filter.
  • the thread liquid emulsion 53 and the developer 51 flowed in the direction of the arrow in such a state that the solution 51 surrounded the emulsion 53, and the liquid emulsion was developed with the developer only by the diffusion and penetration of the developer into the emulsion.
  • the device since the exposure was continuously changed easily understood that the device has a similar advantage as that shown in FIG. 2.
  • liquid silver halide photographic emulsions can be with a lapse of time, the blackening optical density corresponding to the different exposure level was continuously obtained with a lapse of time.
  • a wavelength of light for measuring the optical density was 600 mm.
  • a characteristic curve as shown in FIG. 4 was obtained which is the same result as in the conventional sensitometry using a photographic plate or photographic film.
  • a method of performing sensitometry of a photographic emulsion comprising:
  • said exposing of said photographic emulsion is to a continually changing quantity of radiation, wherein said developer solution is caused to flow by extruding it from a slot on an inclined surface and allowing it to flow down said inclined surface under the influence of gravity, and wherein the photographic emulsion is extruded in the form of a layer which flows on top of the extruded developer solution.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
US00188404A 1970-10-13 1971-10-12 Liquid sensitometry of photographic emulsion Expired - Lifetime US3776696A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP45089933A JPS4915211B1 (show.php) 1970-10-13 1970-10-13

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3776696A true US3776696A (en) 1973-12-04

Family

ID=13984483

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00188404A Expired - Lifetime US3776696A (en) 1970-10-13 1971-10-12 Liquid sensitometry of photographic emulsion

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3776696A (show.php)
JP (1) JPS4915211B1 (show.php)
DE (1) DE2151097A1 (show.php)
FR (1) FR2111337A5 (show.php)
GB (1) GB1344678A (show.php)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3884149A (en) * 1974-01-02 1975-05-20 Itek Corp Printing process including physical development of the printing plate image
US5328787A (en) * 1993-05-24 1994-07-12 Eastman Kodak Company Method for assessing and controlling the sensitometric characteristics of photographic products
US6190034B1 (en) * 1995-10-03 2001-02-20 Danfoss A/S Micro-mixer and mixing method

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3148139A (en) * 1961-03-21 1964-09-08 Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc Method for the separation of materials
US3379113A (en) * 1965-06-23 1968-04-23 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Method and apparatus for processing light-sensitive elements
US3672838A (en) * 1970-09-10 1972-06-27 Sargent Welch Scientific Co Analytical method and apparatus using diffusion across a boundary between liquids

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3148139A (en) * 1961-03-21 1964-09-08 Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc Method for the separation of materials
US3379113A (en) * 1965-06-23 1968-04-23 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Method and apparatus for processing light-sensitive elements
US3672838A (en) * 1970-09-10 1972-06-27 Sargent Welch Scientific Co Analytical method and apparatus using diffusion across a boundary between liquids

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3884149A (en) * 1974-01-02 1975-05-20 Itek Corp Printing process including physical development of the printing plate image
US5328787A (en) * 1993-05-24 1994-07-12 Eastman Kodak Company Method for assessing and controlling the sensitometric characteristics of photographic products
US6190034B1 (en) * 1995-10-03 2001-02-20 Danfoss A/S Micro-mixer and mixing method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2151097A1 (de) 1972-04-20
JPS4915211B1 (show.php) 1974-04-13
GB1344678A (en) 1974-01-23
FR2111337A5 (show.php) 1972-06-02

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3838926A (en) Method of continuously determining the absorbance light of a chemical reaction mixture
Webb The relationship between reciprocity law failure and the intermittency effect in photographic exposure
US3700335A (en) Process and apparatus for sensitometrically testing a liquid,photosensitive emulsion
US2380244A (en) Sensitometry
Farnell et al. The quantum sensitivity of photographic emulsion grains
US3388652A (en) Photographic processing control
Ross The Physics of the Developed Photographic Image
US3776696A (en) Liquid sensitometry of photographic emulsion
US2590830A (en) Emulsion sensitometry
US1959233A (en) Apparatus for developing lightsensitive layers
US3809911A (en) Method of measuring optical density
US3864082A (en) Method of continuously measuring the progress of development of photographic emulsions
US3260850A (en) Measuring the water content of photographic layers
US1762936A (en) Photographic reversal process
US3725071A (en) Method and apparatus for controlling characteristics of fogged silverhalide emulsions
US3507617A (en) Thermometric emulsion sensitometry
Frommer et al. A new method for measuring the rate of high velocity gas reactions
US3887333A (en) Liquid sensitometry process for photographic emulsions
US2899858A (en) stott
SU1295361A1 (ru) Способ получени тестовых изображений
US1864091A (en) Method and means of testing photographic developers
Dobbins et al. Wide‐Range Photographic Photometry
Jones et al. Sensitometry of photographic papers
Tuttle et al. The measurement of density in variable density sound film
US6849366B1 (en) Systems and methods for film processing quality control