US3775545A - Electronic musical instrument employing a sampling system as a coupler - Google Patents

Electronic musical instrument employing a sampling system as a coupler Download PDF

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Publication number
US3775545A
US3775545A US00248336A US3775545DA US3775545A US 3775545 A US3775545 A US 3775545A US 00248336 A US00248336 A US 00248336A US 3775545D A US3775545D A US 3775545DA US 3775545 A US3775545 A US 3775545A
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Prior art keywords
tone
signal
square waveform
sampling
waveform voltage
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US00248336A
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English (en)
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M Tsukamoto
T Munehiro
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Panasonic Holdings Corp
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Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H1/00—Details of electrophonic musical instruments
    • G10H1/02—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos
    • G10H1/06—Circuits for establishing the harmonic content of tones, or other arrangements for changing the tone colour
    • G10H1/08—Circuits for establishing the harmonic content of tones, or other arrangements for changing the tone colour by combining tones
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H1/00—Details of electrophonic musical instruments
    • G10H1/02—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H1/00—Details of electrophonic musical instruments
    • G10H1/02—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos
    • G10H1/04—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos by additional modulation
    • G10H1/053—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos by additional modulation during execution only
    • G10H1/057—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos by additional modulation during execution only by envelope-forming circuits

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT An electronic musical instrument employing a sampling system as a coupler for obtaining a musical tone by coupling a plurality of tone signals together.
  • the system includes sampling circuits each adapted for sampling with a control signal an input signal applied from a corresponding tone generator which generates a tone signal or from a corresponding envelope circuit which delivers a depression-- responsive signal in response to closure of a key switch of the musical instrument, square waveform voltage generators each generating a square waveform voltage as the control signal to the sampling circuit, and duty ratio varying circuits connected to respective square waveform voltage generators for varying the duty ratio of the square waveform voltage so as to vary the magnitude of the output signal of the sampling circuit.
  • This invention relates to a coupler system for use in an electronic musical instrument such as an electronic organ for producing simultaneously the tones spaced apartby octave relation in the same keyboard or the same tones or tones spaced apart by octave relation in a plurality of keyboards such as an upper and a lower keyboards. More particularly, the present invention relates to a coupler system which takes advantage of the pul'setec'hnique so that the degree or mixing of a plurality of tones to be coupled together can be varied as desired.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a-sysem capable of easily varying'the degre'e of coupling of tones in an electronic musical instrument of the direct keyingtypein which'the transmission of a tone signal to the following circuit is directly controlled by
  • a further object ofthe present invention is to provide a system capable of easily varying the degree of coupling of tones in. an electronic musical instrument of the indirectke ying type in which the transmissionof a tone .signal to the following circuit is indirectly controlledby controllinga gate by a control signal obtained in re sponse to manipulationof a key switch.
  • a still further'objectof the present invention is to provide, in an electronic'musical instrument of the indirectkeying typehaving two or morekeyboards, a sys-. tem in-which, inresponse to depression of a key switch in'one of;the keyboards for producing a tone, a tone same asthe tone produced by the depression of the key switch or a tone in octave relation with the above tone can be simultaneously produced from another keyboard, and yet the degree of coupling of these tones can be easily varied.
  • a yet further object of the present invention is to provide a system capable of easily varyingthe degree of coupling oftones in an electronic musical instrument of the indirect keying type provided with a touchsensitive function so that the volume of a tone is variable depending on the rate of depression of the key of a key switch, that is, the intensity of striking the key.
  • FIG. is a block diagram of parts of an embodiment I of the present invention preferably used in an electronic musical, instrument of the indirect keying type;
  • FIGS.'11,-'l2 and 13 are graphic representations of signal waveforms for illustrating the operation of the embodiment shown in FIG. 10;
  • FIG. 14 is a block diagram of parts of another embodiment of the present invention preferably used in an electronic musical instrument of the indirect keying yp t'
  • FIG. 15 is a circuit diagram of a touch-sensitive effect circuit preferably used in the system according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 is an example'of a circuit diagram of a square waveform generator for generating a square waveform whose duty ratio is variable.
  • FIGS. 17a, 17b, 17c and 17d are graphic representations of signal waveforms appearing at various parts of the generator shown in FIG. 16.
  • a sampling means employed in the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5 before giving detailed description as' to application of a coupler system of the present invention to an electronic musical instrument of the direct keying type.
  • resistors R, and R are connected in series between an input terminal 1 and an output terminal 4, and a diode D, is connected between a control terminal 2 and the junction point 3 of. the resistors R, and R while a capacitor C, is connected between the output terminal 4 and ground.
  • a tone signal e,.having a waveform as shown in FIG.:2 is applied to the input terminal 1 of the sampling means having a structure as shown in FIG. 1.
  • a control signal e having a waveform as shown in FIG. 3 is applied to the control terminal 20f the sampling means.
  • the control signal e has a repetition frequency sufficiently higher than the frequency of the tone signal e, and the maximum value V,- of the control signale is greater than the maximum value V, of the tone signal e,.
  • the diode D is turned on and off at the same frequency as the repetition frequency of the control signal e applied to the control terminal 2, and as a result, a signal e 'having a waveform as shown in FIG. 4 appears at the junction point 3.
  • the signal e having such a waveform is integrated by the resistor R, and the capacitor C, so that a signal e, having a waveform as shown in FIG. 5 which is analogous to the waveform of r the tone signal e, applied to the input terminal I appears at the output terminal 4. It will be seen from FIG. 5 that the amplitude of the output signal e, can be varied by varying the duty ratio r/T of the control signal Referring to FIG.
  • a plurality of such circuits are provided for a 4-ft. tone signal, an 8-ft. tone signal and a l6-ft. tone signal, respectively.
  • Outputs of these circuits are connected to mixing resistors R and R, and then to ground through a DC blocking capacitor C and a charging resistor R
  • the junction point between the capacitor C, and the resistor R, is connected to a appearing'at the movable contact 6 of the key switch can be regulated entirely independently of each'other -on the basis of the principle describedabove.
  • FIG. 7 shows another embodiment of the present invention in which the relative position of the resistor R and the diodeD shown in'FIG. 6 is interchanged so that the diode D is disposed in the-path of each of the 4-ft., 8-ft. and l6-ft. tone signals.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 7 is based on the entire same principle as that of the embodiment shown in FIG. 6.
  • the relation described with reference to FIG. 1 also holds between the tone signal and the control signal.
  • the diode D When the voltage V (V V,) is applied to each of the control terminals 2a, 2b and 2c, the diode D is forward biased to conduct so that the tone signal applied to the input terminal appears at the junction point 3 between the diode D, and the resistors R and R Then, when the voltage applied to the control terminal 2 is reduced to'zero volt, the diode D isreverse biased to be cut off so that no tone signal appears at the junction point 3.
  • the diode D is turned on and off with the same frequency as the repetition frequency of the control signal applied to the control terminal 2.
  • signals having a waveform as shown in FIG. 4 appear at the junction point 3 as in the case of FIG. 6.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 While the embodiments shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 are so arranged that the 4-ft., 8-ft. and l6-ft. tone signals are sampled relative to the time axis and are then integrated and mixed, these tone signals may be sampled relative to the time axis and then mixed and integrated as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 to obtain the result similar to FIGS. 6 and 7.
  • This latter case is advantageous in that the number of circuit elements can be reduced compared with the former case.
  • the present invention provides many advantages when it is used in an electronic musical instrument of the direct keying type. That is, the system can provide a tone color which is solemn and variable over a wide range due to the fact that the relative intensities of 4-ft., 8-ft. and l6 ft. tone signals can be regulated by a single key switch without the use of a plurality of key switches employed heretofore, and atthe same time, the problems encountered with the. provision of a plurality of contacts including the need for adjustment of the position of these contacts and the reliability of the contacts for attaining the vsimultaneous on-off of a plurality of switches can be completely eliminated. Further, the tone signal is not limited to the sine waveform but it may have any desired waveform such as a square waveform, triangular waveform or saw-tooth waveform.
  • FIG. 10 Another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 10 to illustrate an application thereof to an electronic musical instrument of the indirect keying type.
  • tone generators 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d and 8e generate tone signals corresponding to the notes C C C and C respectively.
  • Gate circuits 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d and 7e are connected to the respective tone generators 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d and 8e.
  • 12b, 12c, 12d and 12e are provided for the respective gate circuits 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d and 7e and are connected to the respective key switches 13a, 13b, 13c, 13d andl3e.
  • a DC. power supply 14 supplies a DC. voltage to the envelope circuits 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d and 122 through the respective key switches 13a, 13b, 13c, 13d and 13e.
  • 8-ft. sampling circuits 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d and 10e similar to that shown in FIG. 1 are connected between the envelope circuits 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d and 122 and the corresponding gate circuits '7a, 7b, 7c, -7d and 7e, respectively.
  • the control terminals 2 of these sampling circuits 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d and 102 are connected in common to the output terminal of an 8-ft. square waveform generator 16.
  • l6-ft. sampling circuits 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d and lle similar to that shown in FIG. 1 are connected between the envelope circuits 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d and 12e, and a gate circuit (disposed on the lefthand side of the gate circuit 7a) and the gate circuits '7a, 7b, 7c and 7d, respectively.
  • the control terminal 2 gate circuits 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d and 7e, respectively.
  • control terminals 2 of these sampling circuits 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d and 9e are connected in common to the output terminal of a 4-ft. square waveform generator 15.
  • the input and output terminals of all these sampling circuits are designated by the reference numerals 1 and 4, respectively.
  • the envelope circuit corresponding to the depressed key is energized to generate a depression-responsive signal e having a waveform as shown in FIG. 11 and this signal is applied to the sampling circuits connected to the envelope circuit.
  • the key switch 13c is turned on, the depression-responsive signal e is applied .to the input terminals 1 of the sampling circuits 9d, and 11c from the envelope circuit 120.
  • Square waveform voltage e as shown in FIG. 3 are applied to the control terminals 2 of the sampling circuits 9d, 10c and 11c from the respective square waveform" generators 15, 16 and 17.
  • V V holds between the maximum value V, of the depression-responsive signal e and the maximum value V of the square waveform voltage e
  • A'signal :2 having a waveform as shown in FIG. 13 which is analogous to that of the depression-responsive signal e applied to the input terminal 1 appears at the output terminal 4 when the signal waveform e, is integrated by the resistor R and capacitor C
  • the amplitude of the signal e can be varied by varying the duty ratio r/T of the con- 'trol signal e, appliedf to the control terminal 2.
  • square waveform generators 15, 1 6 and 17 are-separately providedso that the duty ratios of the'square waveforms can be varied independently of one 'anofther, the depression-responsive signal deliveredfro'mthe envelope circuit 120 and applied'to'thesampling circuits 9d; 100 and He is transformed according tothe duty ratios of the square waveforms supplied from the 7 square waveform generators 5 15, "16 and 17,- and .the transformed signals are applied to the associated gate circuits to obtain the tone signals.
  • the presentinvention provides many advantages when it is applied to an electronic musical instrument of the indirect keying type. Thatis, a single switch insteadof a plurality of keyswitches can attain-the desiredcouplingof tone signals,'and the number of gate circuits may merely-be equal to the number of tone sources in contrast to the prior art method in whichthe gate circuits whose number' is equal to the number of feet are required for each key switch. Further, the present invention eliminates the priordefect'of ineapability of independently adjusting "the volume of the respective ffeet.” According to the present invention, the volume of 'therespective feetcan be continuously varied by varying the duty ratio'of the square waveforms used for the sampling of the depressiomrespective signal.
  • the integrating capacitor C (FIG. 1) is incorporated in each of the sampling circuits so as to carry out theintegratio'ri'in each sampling circuiLI-Iowever, the capacitor Cfiin the circuit shown in FIG. 1
  • sampling circuits may be- 'removed and connected to the output side of a plurality of such sampling circuits so as to reduce the number of parts.
  • FIG. 14 An embodiment of -a keyboard coupler system according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 14.
  • the stationary contacts of a key switch 24 is an upper keyboard 23 and a key switch 24 in a lower keyborad 23' are connected to the positive terminal of a DC. power supply 1 l4-whose negative terminal is grounded.
  • the movable contacts'of the key switches 24 and 24' are connected to an envelope circuit 28 associated with the upper keyboard 23 and an envelope circuit 28' associated with the lower keyboard 23, respectively.
  • the envelope circuit 28 is connected to a resistor R and to the input terminal 1 of a sampling circuit 25 connecting the circuit of the upper keyboard 23 to the circuit of the lower keyboard 23.
  • the envelope circuit 28 is connected to a resistor R and to the input terminal 1 of a sampling circuit 25 connecting the circuit of the lower keyboard 23 to the circuit of th upper keyboard 23.
  • Square waveform generators 29 and 29' generating a square waveform voltage as shown in FIG. 3 are connected to the control terminals 2 and 2' of the sampling circuits 25 and 25', respectively.
  • the square waveform generators 29 and 29' are grounded at the other terminal thereof.
  • the sampling circuits 25 and 25' have a structure as shown in FIG.
  • the output terminal 4 of the sampling circuit 25 is connected to the resistor R and to the control terminal of a gate circuit 27 associated with the lower keyboard 23', while the output terminal 4' of the sampling circuit'25, is connected to the resistor R and to the control terminal of a gate circuit 27 associated with the upper keyborad 23;
  • a tone signal is supplied to the input terminal of the gate circuit 27 associated with the upper keyboard 23 from a tone generator 26, while another tone signal is supplied to the input terminal of the gate 27' associated with the lower keyboard 23' from a tone' generator 26.
  • the amplitude of the signal appearing at the output terminal 4 of the sampling circuit 25 can be varied by varying the duty ratio r/T of the square waveform supplied from the square waveform generator 29. It is possible, therefore, to vary theamplitude of the tone signal appearing at the output terminal of .the gate circuit 27 associated with the lower keyboard 23 thereby to adjust the degree of coupling of the tone produced from the lower keyboard 23" to the tone produced from the upper keyboard 23.
  • the keyboard coupler system based on the above method does not require additional provision of key switches, and therefore, eliminates the problems encountered with the prior art arrangement including the simultaneous on-off of switches, the need for adjustment of the position thereof and the reduction in the reliability of the switches due to the increase in the number of the key switches. Further, the-degree of coupling of the tones produced from the keyboards can be continuously varied by regulating the duty ratio 'r/T of the waveform generated by the square waveform generators.
  • the present invention eliminates many problems as described above encountered with the prior art coupler system when it is applied to electronic musical instruments of both the direct and the indirect keying type. Especially, the coupler system according to the present invention is indispensable in an electronic musical instrument of the kind which will be described below.
  • Musical instruments presently in use include an instrument such as a cembalo which produces a tone whose volume is constant independently of the strength of touching the key and an instrument such as a piano which produces a tone whose volume is variable depending on the strength of striking the key. While the former musical instrument produces a very delicate and beautiful tone color, it has a drawback that the'volume of the tone does not vary depending on the key striking force, and it is said that the piano is developed to take the place of the cembalo. Looking back to the history of these musical instruments, it is apparent that the future tendency of electronic musical instruments is toward the capability of producing a variable tone volume or tone color depending on the key striking force or key striking rate.
  • a key switch includes a normally closed stationary contact 31, a movable contact 32 and a normally open stationary contact 33.
  • the so-called contact transition time required for the movable contact 32 to contact the normally open stationary contact 33 after it is urged away from the contact with the normally closed stationary contact 31 becomes shorter with a higher key striking speed, while the contact transition time becomes longer with a lower key striking speed.
  • the normally closed stationary contact 31 is connected to the negative terminal of a DC.
  • the movable contact 32 is connected through a parallel circuit of a capacitor C and a resistor R to an output terminal 34 which is connected to the cathode of a diode D whose anode is grounded.
  • the capacitor C is charged to E volts from the DC. power supply 14 through the diode D movable contact 32 and normally closed stationary contact 31, with the capacitor terminal connected to the output terminal 34 being positive relative to the other terminal connected to the movable contact 32.
  • the key is depressed in the above state to urge the movable contact 32 away Y 9 from the normally closed stationary contact 31, the voltage charged in the capacitor C starts to discharge through theresistor R but no voltage appears yet at the output terminal 34.
  • the movable contact 32 is brought into contact with the normally open stationary contact 33 and the voltage across the capacitorC appears at the output terminal 34.
  • the transition time for the movable'contact 32 is short, the voltage charged in the capacitor C is not discharged so much through the resistor R and a relatively large voltage appears at the output terminal 34 when the movable contact 32 is brought into contact with the normally open stationary contact 33.
  • the transition time is long, the voltage charged in capacitor C is sufficiently discharged through'theresistor R and a very small voltage appears at the output terminal 34 when the movable contact 32 is brought into contact with the normally open stationary contact 33.
  • the circuit shown in FIG. may be employed in place of the key switches 13a, 13b, 13c, 13d and l3e and the envelope circuits 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d and l2e in the system shown in FIG. 10.
  • any variation in the output voltage delivered from the envelope circuits 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d and l2e depending on the key strikingspeed results in the corresponding variation in the signal applied to the gate circuits 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d and 7e so that tonesignals of large amplitude appear at the output terminals of the gate circuits in response to a high key striking speed, while tone signals of small amplitude appear at the output terminals of the gate circuits in response to a low key striking speed.
  • tonesignals of large amplitude appear at the output terminals of the gate circuits in response to a high key striking speed
  • tone signals of small amplitude appear at the output terminals of the gate circuits in response to a low key striking speed.
  • the coupler system according to the present invention is -quite excellent.
  • the square waveform generator capable of generating a square waveform whose duty ratio 'r/T is variable can be offered in several forms.
  • One form of such square waveform generator is shown in FIG. 16, and this square waveform generator is so arranged as to vary the duty ratio depending on the magnitude of a DC. voltage.
  • the square waveform generator includes a differential amplifier composed of two transistors Tr, and Tr When a saw-tooth waveform voltage as shown in FIG. 17a is applied to the base of one of the transistors Tr, and a DC. voltage Va is applied to the base of the other transistor Tr the output appearing at the collector of the transistor Tr;
  • FIG. 17b has a waveform as shown in FIG. 17b from which it will be seen that the portion of the saw-tooth'waveform above the level Va is solely greatly extended.
  • This wavefrom is thenshaped by a Schmitt circuit composed of two transistors Tr and Tr, to obtain a waveform as shown in FIG. 170.
  • the waveform thus obtained is aniplified to a required amplitude and shaped by a transistor Tr the resulting waveform being then passed through an emitter follower including a transistor Tr to obtain a signal as shown in FIG. 17d.
  • the duty ratio r/T of the waveform derived from the emitter of the transistor Tr can be continuously varied within the range of 0 to l by varying the DC. voltage Va.
  • the switching element is in no way limited to the diode, and a transistor, electronic tube or the like may be employed in lieu of the diode for exhibiting the performance similar to that attained by the sampling circuit; Further, the operation entirely the same as that described above can be carried out by reversing the polarity of all the'circuit components including the diode and power supply. Furthermore, the foregoing description has referred to a coupler system including couplers for the l,6-ft., 8-ft. and 4-ft.
  • the present invention is similarly applicable to a coupler system including couplers for the 32-ft., 2am, I 3/5-ft., l /3-ft l-ft. and other tone signals.
  • the present invention includes also a coupler system in which any suitable sampling circuit is employed in lieu of the sampling circuit described in the specification.
  • An electronic musical instrument employing a sampling system as a coupler comprising a. a plurality of tone generators each having an output terminal at which a tone signal is generated,
  • a plurality of square waveform voltage generator each having an output terminal at which a square waveform voltage having a predetermined amplitude and repetition frequency is generated, said square waveform generators including duty ratio varying means for varying the duty ratio of said square waveform voltage,
  • a pluralityof sampling means each having input output and control terminals, the input terminal of each of said sampling means being coupled to a corresponding one of said tone generators, the control terminal of each of said sampling means being coupled to a corresponding one of said square waveform voltage generators, the signal generated at the output terminal said sampling means having a frequency corresponding to the signal applied to the input terminal but having a magnitude an amplitude determined by the duty ratio of the coupled square waveform voltage generator,
  • An electronic musical instrument as claimed in claim 1 which further comprises integrators connected between respective said sampling means and said coupling means and in which the sampled tone signal derived from said sampling means is supplied to said means for obtaining a musical tone through said integrator together with other sampled tone signals to be coupled with said tone signal.
  • sampling means are coupled together to be supplied to said means for obtaining a musical tone through said common integrator.
  • An electronic musical instrument employing a sampling system as a coupler comprising a. a plurality of tone generators each having an output terminal at which a tone signal is generated,
  • a plurality of square waveform voltage generators each having an output terminal at which a square waveform voltage having a predetermined amplitude and repetition frequency is generated, said square waveform generators including duty ratio varying means for varying the duty ratio of said square waveform voltage,
  • each of said sampling means being coupled to a corresponding one of said square waveform voltage generators, the signal generated at the output terminal of said sampling means corresponding to the signal applied to the input terminal but having a magnitude determined by the duty ratio of the coupled square waveform voltage generator,
  • a plurality of envelope circuits each having an input terminal connected to a corresponding one of a plurality of key switches and an output terminal connected to the input terminals of at least two of said sampling means for delivering a depression responsive signal in response to' closure of said key switch for applying said depression-responsive signal to said sampling means as said input signal
  • g. means coupled to the output terminals of said gate means to derive musical tones from the signals generated by said tone generators and passed by said gate means.
  • each of said envelope circuits includes means for varying the magnitude of the signal output depending on the speed with which the key is depressed.

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US3825668A (en) * 1972-05-30 1974-07-23 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Electronic musical instrument capable of providing a third type of musical tones by operation of two keyboards in addition to the ordinary melody and chord tones
US3937115A (en) * 1974-08-01 1976-02-10 The Wurlitzer Company Electronic piano circuit arrangement
US4002095A (en) * 1974-11-13 1977-01-11 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Waveform converter for use with an electronic musical instrument and capable of controlling the duty factor of a rectangular wave tone signal
US4141269A (en) * 1976-03-05 1979-02-27 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic musical instrument
US4205578A (en) * 1978-02-24 1980-06-03 Marmon Company Electronic musical instrument signal generator
US4409877A (en) * 1979-06-11 1983-10-18 Cbs, Inc. Electronic tone generating system
US4993071A (en) * 1985-08-17 1991-02-12 Dr. Kuhn & Co. Gmbh Post-laryngectomy speech aid

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US3510565A (en) * 1967-07-17 1970-05-05 Warwick Electronics Inc Electronic organ with musical notes comprising beat frequencies of a reference generator and note generators utilizing magnetostrictive oscillators
US3602824A (en) * 1968-08-19 1971-08-31 Sanders Associates Inc Frequency changing apparatus and methods
US3598892A (en) * 1968-10-14 1971-08-10 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Controled switching of octaves in an electronic musical instrument
US3651242A (en) * 1970-06-15 1972-03-21 Columbia Broadcasting Syst Inc Octave jumper for musical instruments
US3637913A (en) * 1970-07-27 1972-01-25 Columbia Broadcasting Syst Inc Tone generator employing asymmetrical wave generator rectangular

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3825668A (en) * 1972-05-30 1974-07-23 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Electronic musical instrument capable of providing a third type of musical tones by operation of two keyboards in addition to the ordinary melody and chord tones
US3937115A (en) * 1974-08-01 1976-02-10 The Wurlitzer Company Electronic piano circuit arrangement
US4002095A (en) * 1974-11-13 1977-01-11 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Waveform converter for use with an electronic musical instrument and capable of controlling the duty factor of a rectangular wave tone signal
US4141269A (en) * 1976-03-05 1979-02-27 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic musical instrument
US4205578A (en) * 1978-02-24 1980-06-03 Marmon Company Electronic musical instrument signal generator
US4409877A (en) * 1979-06-11 1983-10-18 Cbs, Inc. Electronic tone generating system
US4993071A (en) * 1985-08-17 1991-02-12 Dr. Kuhn & Co. Gmbh Post-laryngectomy speech aid

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2061089A5 (https=) 1971-06-18
DE2044462A1 (de) 1971-04-08
GB1327244A (en) 1973-08-15
NL160666B (nl) 1979-06-15
NL7013277A (https=) 1971-03-11
NL160666C (nl) 1979-11-15
DE2044462B2 (de) 1976-01-22

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