US3532799A

US3532799A - Electronic musical apparatus improved in a musical tone generating circuit

Info

Publication number: US3532799A
Application number: US721381A
Authority: US
Inventors: Akio Kameoka; Masami Kobayashi
Original assignee: Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Ltd
Current assignee: Toshiba Corp
Priority date: 1967-04-17
Filing date: 1968-04-15
Publication date: 1970-10-06
Anticipated expiration: 1987-10-06

Description

Oct. 6, 1970 o KAMEOKA ETAL 3,532,799

ELECTRONIC MUSICAL APPARATUS IMPROVED IN A MUSICAL TONE GENERATING CIRCUIT AMPLITUDE Filed April 15, 1968 v 6 Sheets-Sheet 1 FIG. 1

RE UEN 81 F O CY 82 WAVE S GENERATOR DIVIDER SHAPER I 3 AMPLITUDE so 4 MODULATOR FIG. 2A 2 ll Hlllll FGZB 135791113 xf1 ORDER OF HARMONIC I COMPONENTS J I; J L I 0" I g FIG. 3B n- 82 F'GZQ I I I IN AA/ '135791113O1T) ORDER OF HARMONIC COMPONENTS 8 14/00 K/M/t'O (Aa NAM/ll [981414.074 I I I I I I INVENTORS 5 7911 13(xf1) WMI ORDER OF HARMONIC COMPONENTS 3,532,799 ICAL Oct. 6, 1970 'AKIO KAMEOKA ETA!- ELECTRONIC MUSICAL APPARATUS IMPROVED IN A MUS TONE GENERATING CIRCUIT 6 SheetsSheet 2 Filed April 15, 1968 FIG. 6

m I? $8 .8 r :0 E I Fn X u I A H I I F M H .O M L ER OW I RMO M RD I. W G k I1 4UEM C 5 I U 2 m 7 I s N I 2 mmm I MCSW I :I W. s 17 $3153 s f 6 h f0 |||I|.|v I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I J n m z 2 L n R T Z 8 ma E L B Aww M I I IQ m M 9% w n I II ORDER OF HARMONIC COMPONENTS Oct. 6, 1970 A KlO KAMEOKA ET AL 3,532,799 ELECTRONIC MUSICAL APPARATUS IMPROVED IN A MUSICAL TONE GENERATING CIRCUIT Filed April 15, 1968 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 FIG. 5

FUNCTION v SIGNAL GENERATOR 6 81 /7 72 AMPLIFIER 8 L 1 ;P----- I j I SCHMITT l l 10 II I PHASE I I FLIP I; INVERTER i I AMPLITuE I I; MODULATOR I FLIP-FLoP I So 15 1 6 I I 13 I 1ST 2'ND i FLHL ATTENUATOR ATTENUATOR I l i v $5 WAVE m4 I"! SHAPER BUFFER AMPLIFIER AMP." Ag I 84* L I Oct. 6, 1970 ELECTRONIC MUSICAL APPARATUS IMPROVED IN A MUSICAL TONE GENERATING CIRCUIT Filed Aprn 15, 1968 FUNCTION AKIO KAMEOKA ET AL FIG. 7

6 Sheets-Sheet 4- SIGNAL 1 GENERATOR AMP. -30

. SCHMH'T LQW PASS FILTER 36 I 40 ,1 ST f PUP-FLOP AMP. 38 AMP.- 33 l 39 l I 2 ND ATTENUATOR ATTENUATOR FLIP-FLOP I i AMPLITUDE 3RD I MODULATOR ,FLlP-FLOP i BuFFER H AMP. FL|P-FLOP wAvE SHAPER 4 S3 AMP. T

Oct. 6, 1970 AKIQ KAMEOKA ET AL 3,532,799

ELECTRONIC MUSICAL APPARATUS IMPROVED IN A MUSICAL TONE GENERATING CIRCUIT Filed April 15, 1968 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 FIG. 9

FUNCTION M1 SIGNAL GENERATOR +51 AMP. 50

51 SCHMITT b3 $1 l FLIP-FLOP AMPLITUDE l MODULATOR I FLIP-FLOP I 2 FLIP-FLOP FLIP- FLOP 1 A P- L. 58 ATTENUATQR WAVE \57 SHAPER BUFFER 9 S3 5 AMF.

AMP.

AKIO KAMEOKA ET AL MODULATOR Oct. 6, 1970 I ELECTRONIC MUSICAL APPARATUS IMPROVED IN A MUSICAL TONE GENERATING CIRCUIT Filed April 15, 1968 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 FUNCTION -I SIGNAL GENERATOR ,1 3,2 3 FREQuEN'cY FREQuENY FREQUENCY FREQUENCY DIVIDER DIVIDER DIVIDER DIVIDER I 1 I 62 3 3 x wAvE wAvE wAvE wAvE SHAPER I SHAPER SHAPER SHAPER 6 0 6:0 R 0 6 0, AMP. AMP. AMP. AMP.

631 612 61 3 6 1 PHASE PHASE PHASE PHASE SHIFTER SHIFTER SHIFTER SHIFTER I 1 v SELECTIVE ,62 63 sEI EcTIvE MATRIX T MATRIX 2 I AMPLITUDE United States Patent 3,532,799 ELECTRONIC MUSICAL APPARATUS IMPROVED IN A MUSICAL TONE GENERATING CIRCUIT Akio Kameoka, Yokohama-shi, and Masami Kobayashi, Kawasaki-ski, Japan, assignors to Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd., Kawasaki-ski, Japan, a corporation of Japan Filed Apr. 15, 1968, Ser. No. 721,381 Claims priority, application Japan, Apr. 17, 1967,

2/ 24,007 Int. Cl. Gh 3/00, 1/02, N06

US. Cl. 84-112 10 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE An electronic musical apparatus improved in a musical tone generating circuit which comprises a means for generating periodic functional signals corresponding to the musical tones to be regenerated, a means for dividing the frequency of said signals so as to shape the waves of these signals into those of signals having a harmonic structure corresponding to that of said musical tones and a means for modulating the amplitude of the periodic functional signals thereby to obtain musical signals having a desired harmonic structure.

The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument improved in a musical tone generating circuit and more particularly to an apparatus for electrically synthesizing musical signals thereby to regenerate desired musical tones.

Generally, the ones produced by various musical instruments consist of a harmonic structure containing specific harmonic components, so that these musical instruments respectively have characteristic timbers. To synthesize desired musical tones, therefore, the conventional electronic musical apparatus involved the steps of generating square wave signals, saw tooth Wave signals or triangular wave signals and the like Which abounded with harmonic components, and thereafter causing these special musical signals to pass through a filter circuit wherein a special property of allowing for the passage of certain frequencies was built up so as to match the musical harmonic structure peculiar to the tones of musical instruments. However, a filter circuit having such a special property of selectively passing certain frequencies was of a complicated construction. Moreover, to obtain musical tones of different harmonic structures, it was necessary to set up a large number of these complicated filter circuits.

Since the aforesaid frequency passing property previously provided for the filter circuit was fixed, there was the drawback that where the frequency of musical signals to be impressed on the filter circuit was changed in order to obtain different musical intervals for certain musical tones, then the harmonic structure of these tones was also subject to variation. Consequently, there were encountered considerable difficulties in obtaining timbers of the same family with the same harmonic structure maintained over a broad range of auditory frequency.

There was indeed already proposed an apparatus for synthesizing musical tones which was capable of obtaining the same harmonic structure independently of variations in the musical intervals. With such apparatus, however, the provision of only a filter circuit was not sufficient, so that signals of sinusoidal functional waves corresponding respectively to the harmonic components were mixed after their frequency and amplitude were adjusted so as to match desired harmonic structures. This apparatus enabled signals of such frequency as falling p ICC within the auditory range of the keyboard tones to be directly used as harmonic components of musical tones included in the low auditory range of the keyboard tones. However, to obtain the harmonic components of musical tones in a high auditory range, it was further required to generate signals 2 to 3 octaves higher. Consequently the apparatus had the drawbacks that it was necessary not only to prepare a large number of signal-generating circuits, but also to provide each keyboard with a sufiicient number of contact means to match the number of harmonic components, and that the entire arrangement was exceedingly complicated. Furthermore, the apparatus also raised problems with respect to the accuracy of producing musical tones and cost of manufacture.

Accordingly, the main object of the present invention is to provide an electronic musical apparatus whose musical tone generating circuit is so improved as to produce timbers of the same family for each musical interval without using a filter circuit.

Another object of the invention is to provide an electronic musical apparatus improved in a musical tone generating circuit which is capable of obtaining a fixed harmonic structure over a broad range of auditory frequency.

Another object of the invention is to provide an electronic musical apparatus improved in a musical tone generating circuit which enables a harmonic structure to be freely varied over a broad range.

Still another object of the invention is to provide an electronic musical apparatus which is of sufficiently simple construction to minimize the requirements of circuit elements.

Further objects and advantages will be apparent from the following description for which reference is made to the appended drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the construction of an electronic musical apparatus improved in a musical tone generating circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIGS. 2A, 2B and 2C present the wave forms of signals by way of illustrating the functional operation of the apparatus of the invention;

FIGS. 3A and 3B indicate the harmonic spectra of signal wave forms similarly to illustrate the working of said apparatus;

FIG. 4 shows the harmonic structure of reed family musical tones synthesized by the apparatus of the invention;

FIG. 5 is another embodiment of the invention, schematically showing the construction of a means for synthesizing reed family musical tones;

FIG. 6 schematically shows the construction of an electronic organ according to another embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 7 indicates the composition of a musical tone generating circuit according to still another embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 8 is a diagramatic representation of the harmonic structure of musical signals synthesized by the means of FIG. 7;

'FIG. 9 represents the composition of a musical tone generating circuit according to a further embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 10 shows the harmonic structure of musical signals synthesized by the means of FIG. 9; and

FIG. 11 indicates the composition of a musical tone generating circuit according to a still further embodiment of the invention.

There will now be described by reference to these figures the principle on which the apparatus of the present invention is based and the various aspects in which the apparatus is applied. The apparatus of the present invention characteristically comprises the steps of generating periodic functional signals with a prescribed frequency so as to synthesize musical signals having a desired harmonic structure for a given musical interval, dividing the frequency of the periodic functional signals so as to conform it to the fundamental frequency corresponding to the musical interval, shaping the waves of the signals, whose frequency is thus divided, into those containing harmonic components corresponding to the harmonic structure and modulating the amplitude of the periodic functional signals with the signals whose waves are thus shaped, thereby to produce the aforementioned musical signals.

There will now be described by reference to FIG. 1 the basic construction of an apparatus of the present invention. The reference numeral 1 is a generator of periodic functional signals comprising a circuit for generating periodic functional signals, for example, signals of a sinusoidal functional Wave having a certain frequency corresponding to musical tones to be regenerated. Periodic functional signals such as square wave signals, saw tooth wave signals, etc. may be properly selected in accordance with the harmonic structure of musical tones to be regenerated. The output signals from the generator 1 are divided in two groups. One group is supplied to an amplitude modulator 2 so as to be modulated, while the other is transmitted to a frequency divider 3. The ratio 1/11 in which the frequency is divided by the frequency divider 3 is so set as to obtain a signal S of such divided frequency as will have an equivalent frequency to the fundamental frequency h of a musical signal S to be regenerated. While the signals S and S are not theoretically required to be in the ratio expressed in integers, the division of frequency is preferably carried out in a manner to obtain such ratio in consideration of the nature of the frequency divider. The output signal S of divided frequency from the frequency divider 3 is transmitted to the following wave shaper 4, where the wave form of said signal S is shaped into that of a signal 8;, which has the fundamental frequency f and contains harmonic components corresponding to the harmonic structure of the musical signal S The signal S whose wave form has thus been shaped by the wave shaper 4 is then transferred to the amplitude modulator 2 so as to modulate the amplitude of the aforementioned period functional signal S so that there is obtained the desired musical signal S as an output from the amplitude modulator 2.

There will be further detailed the operation of the musical tone generating circuit of the present invention constructed in the aforementioned manner. To ease explanation, the periodic functional signal S is taken to be a signal of a sinusoidal functional wave solely consisting of a monofrequency component, which may be expressed by the undermentioned formula. Namely, the signal generator 1 is assumed to generate a signal of the following formula.

S =Ac cos (nwt-l-O) (l) were:

Ac=amplitude n=integers (reciprocals of the aforementioned ratio of divided frequencies) w=angular frequency (equivalent to 21rf 0=phase angle.

The signal S of a sinusoidal functional wave is introduced into the amplitude modulator 2 and frequency divider 3. Since the ratio in which the frequency is divided by the frequency divider 3 is set at 1/ n as described above, the sign S of divided frequency obtained as an output will form a sinusoidal functional wave having a frequency h. The wave form of the signal S having the divided frequency is shaped by the wave shaper 4, and is formed into a signal 5;, having special type waves, for example, saw tooth waves, square waves, or triangular waves with the pulse-repetition frequency h. The signal 5;; pro

duces harmonic components of frequency f in accordance with the aforementioned special wave forms. Where the signal S of a sinusoidal functional wave is changed by wave shaping, for example, into a signal S of a saw tooth wave or a signal S of a square wave as shown in FIG. 2, the harmonic spectra of these signals S and S will be as illustrated in FIGS. 3A and 3B respectively. It is well known that signals of a saw tooth wave, square wave or other special Wave forms have their own peculiar harmonic spectra. Thus, if the wave shaper 4 comprises a saw tooth wave generating circuit, the spectrum of the signal S will be as shown in FIG. 3A. Namely, the signal 8 will progressively acquire larger harmonic components as 2f 3 Nf in relation to the fundamental frequency f without missing any of these components on the way. As the order of harmonic components contained increases, the amplitude of those is reduced. Also where the sinusoidal functional wave of the signal S is shaped into a square one, the spectrum of the signal S will obtain harmonic components of only odd orders as 3 f 5 f in relation to the fundamental frequency h, as shown in FIG. 3B. Signals of other special wave forms will also have their own peculiar spectra. In any case, the signal S contains various orders of harmonic components in relation to the fundamental frequency 1; of the aforesaid signal S; of divided frequency. Thus the signal S may generally be expressed by the following formula:

N S =2 Am cos (mwt+m) m=1 where:

m=order of harmonic components contained N=upper limit of orders.

While N theoretically represents the value up to an infinite (00) order, there will be no difficulties for practical purposes if N is considered to denote orders of less than 100.

Am=amplitude of the signal containing mth harmonic components.

m phase angle of the signal containing mth harmonic components.

The amplitude modulator 2 is formed from a very common type of amplitude modulating circuit. When the aforesaid signal S modulates the amplitude of the signal S which should be modulated then there will be obtained a musical signal S as represented by the following formua:

N =Ac cos (nwt=0) +1102 where:

Km=degree of amplitude modulation. There is a relation Am .K771.-IG Ac (where It represents a ratio constant).

Because of w=21rf the harmonic spectrum of a musical signal S forms side bands around nf as seen from Formula 3, in accordance with the harmonic spectrum of the signal S thus enabling desired harmonic structures to be obtained in accordance with the harmonic structure of the signal S with the frequency as the fundamental one.

For better understanding, there will be described more concretely the case where reed family musical sounds, for example, those of an oboe are practically synthesized. The harmonic structure of reed family musical tones generally has a single peak at a specific order of a harmonic component. Therefore, the harmonic structure of the desired musical signal S is deemed to be as shown in FIG. 4. Namely, said harmonic structure has a single peak at the nth order nf for example, fifth order 5 in relation to the fundamental frequency f In this case, it is assumed that the periodic functional signal generator 1 generates a signal S of a sinusoidal functional wave having a frequency 5 that the ratio in which the frequency is divided by the frequency divider 3 is set at 1/5 and that the wave shaper 4 consists of a saw tooth wave synthesizer' for shaping a sinusoidal functional wave into a saw tooth wave. Then the signal S having a frequency 5 is reduced to a signal S having a frequency f due to frequency division by the frequency divider 3 wherein the ratio of frequency division is set at 1/5 as mentioned above. The signal S of divided frequency is shaped by the wave shaper 4 into a saw tooth wave signal S having a pulse-repetition frequency h. The signal S is modulated in amplitude by said signal 8;, in the amplitude modulator 2 to produce the desired musical signal S The peak of the harmonic spectrum of the musical signal S corresponds to the frequency of the amplitude modulated signal, and the attenuating property of upper and lower side bands agrees with that observed in the spectrum of the saw tooth wave signal S Namely, said upper and lower side bands displays a corresponding pattern to the harmonic component of the modulating signal S While the upper side bands theoretically involve an infinite degree of a harmonic component, the harmonic component which exceeds one hundredth order may be neglected for practical purposes. On the other hand, the lower side band in the fourth order contains a frequency up to h. As shown in FIG. 4, the lower side bands in the 6th to 9th order from the frequency 51 of the signal S are vectorially superposed on the lower side bands in the 4th to 1st order. Also the lower side band in the th order is superposed on the signal S and the lower side bands in the 11th and subsequent orders are superposed by turns on the upper side bands in the 1st and subsequent orders so as to be vectorially added. This will be more apparent by reference to Formula 3. It may be generalized that in the case of m n, some of the side bands are vectorially added by superposition. Namely, the lower side bands in the order of m from the carrier wave (provided n m 2n) agree in frequency with the lower side bands in the order of (2nm to be vectorially superposed thereon. And the lower side bands in the order following 2n, namely those in the order 2n+m (provided m g are superposed on the upper side bands in the order of m Strictly speaking, therefore, the spectrum of FIG. 4 is not perfectly symmetrical relative to the frequency 5 For practical purposes, however, the spectrum may be deemed symmetrical.

As seen from the spectrum of FIG. 4, the aforementioned arrangement produces the harmonic structure of reed family musical tones having a single peak at the fifth order 5h of a harmonic component with the frequency h as the fundamental one, so that the output from the amplitude modulator 2 forms a musical signal S adapted for reed family musical instruments.

As mentioned above, the present invention enables musical tones of a desired harmonic structure to be synthesized in accordance with the harmonic spectrum of the signal S even Without particularly providing a filter circuit. Also if the frequency of the periodic functional signal issued by the generator 1 thereof is varied, then it will be possible to synthesize musical signals having a similar harmonic structure to that of FIG. 4 with a 1/ n fraction of the aforesaid frequency taken as the fundamental frequency. For instance, if 5 X f =5 440 Hz., then the fundamental frequency will be 440 Hz., and there will be obtained a harmonic structure having a single peak at the fifth order 5x440 Hz. of a harmonic component. Where 5 f1 changes to 5x880 Hz., then the fundamental frequency will be 880- Hz. and there will appear a harmonic structure having a single peak at the fifth order 5x880 Hz. of a harmonic component. Therefore, the harmonic structure itself remains fixed even though musical intervals may vary, thus enabling timbers of the same family to be obtained over a broad range of auditory frequency. Moreover, the order of harmonic components containing a single peak may be varied to any desired extent by changing the ratio of frequency division carried out by the frequency divider 3.

FIG. 5 is a diagram of a more practical type of apparatus for synthesizing reed family musical tones. It involves new members added to the apparatus shown in FIG. 1. The same parts or functions of FIG. 5 as those shown in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same numerals and description thereof is omitted.

The periodic functional signal S generated at the output terminal 6 of the generator 1 thereof is introduced through an input terminal 7 into an amplifier 8 so as to be amplified. The periodic functional signal S thus amplified is transferred to an amplitude modulator 2, frequency divider 3 and phase inverter 9 respectively. The frequency divider 3 is so arranged as to divide the frequency in the ratio of 1/5. Namely, the signal S of a periodic functional wave is subjected to wave shaping by a Schmitt trigger circuit 10. Then the signal S is changed by frequency division into another signal containing a fundamental frequency f namely, one-fifth of the frequency 5 originally possessed by the signal S in

flipflop circuits

11, 12 and 13 connected in series. The signals issued from the flip-

flop circuits

11, 12 and 13 are mixed so as to be synthesized into a symmetrical wave wherein the pulse widths are in the ratio of 1:4 (duty factor 4/5), and thereafter introduced into the wave shaper 4. The wave shaper 4 is formed from a directional integration circuit and produces a saw tooth wave signal 8;, of a pulse-repetition frequency h. The signal S is amplified into a saw tooth wave signal 8., of constant amplitude by an amplifier 14 regardless of inputs applied. The signal S is transmitted to the amplitude modulator to modulate the aforesaid signal S Up to this point, the apparatus of FIG. 5 performs substantially the same operation as that of FIG. 1 excepting that amplification is involved in the interim step. Thus the amplitude modulator 2 produces a musical signal S having such a harmonic structure as shown in FIG. 4. In the apparatus of FIG. 5, said signal S is adjusted in amplitude by an attenuator 15. On the other hand, the signal S of a sinusoidal functional wave is inverted in phase by a phase inverter 9, and adjusted in amplitude by another attenuator 16. The output signals from both

attenuators

15 and 16 are synthesized and amplified by a buffer amplifier 17 to form the desired musical signal S The harmonic structure of the musical signal S obtained at the output terminal 18 is almost the same as that of FIG. 4. In the apparatus of FIG. 5, however, the signal S of a sinusoidal functional wave is added after phase inversion to the output signal from the amplitude modulator 2, so that the value of the peak only consisting of the nth harmonics of the fundamental frequency f for example, the fifth order 5 of a harmonic component can be adjusted. Thus the relative differences between the peak value having a harmonic component 5 and another peak value containing other orders of harmonic components are varied and as a result the harmonic structure of the aforementioned musical signal S is changed to that extent. Therefore, there are synthesized reed family musical signals having a harmonic structure bearing greater similarity to the tones of the original musical instrument.

The apparatus of FIG. 5 can be used in constructing an electronic organ. There will now be described the electronic organ apparatus 20 by reference to FIG. 6. The same parts of FIG. 6 as those of FIG. 5 are denoted by the same numerals and description thereof is omitted. In the organ apparatus 20, the main construction 72 including the input terminal 7 and following members is quite the same as that of FIG. and is briefly indicated in a block. Reference numeral 71 represents a periodic functional signal generator, which generates signals of a periodic functional wave having a frequency 5 times the frequencies of musical intervals A, Ait, B, C A, for example, those of 440 Hz., 466 Hz., 493 Hz. 8801-12.

The signal generating circuit 71 is formed from a Signal generating member '22, elements 1 1 1 for defining an oscillation constant comprising a coil, condenser, resistor, etc. and serially connected to said generating member 22, and switches 21 21 21 21 one end of which is respectively connected to one end of each of the aforementioned oscillation constant defining elements and the other end of which is grounded. These switches 21 21 21 are operated in an interlocking relation with the respective keyboards through an interlocking mechanism (not shown). 'If a keyboard having a musical interval B is pressed, a switch contact 2% is closed and there is supplied to the input terminal 7 a signal of a periodic functional wave having a frequency 5x493 Hz. as defined by the elements 1 1 and 1 which are arranged to generate signals with a previously set constant. Then there is obtained from an output terminal 18 a musical signal of a B interval having a fundamental frequency 493 Hz. and a similar harmonic structure to that of FIG. 4. Also where another keyboard is pressed, there is obtained a musical signal having the same pattern of harmonic structure, though its fundamental frequency alone is varied in accordance with the required musical interval. The aforementioned electronic organ apparatus has a very simple construction, because its major parts can be used in common over a broad range of musical intervals, only requiring the generation constant to be so set as to match each musical interval involved.

There will now be described by reference to FIGS. 7 and 8 a circuit for generating a string family musical signal having a multiple format type of harmonic structure, of concretely, for example, the case in which there is synthesized a musical tone having a harmonic structure wherein a peak is present at both the third order 3 of a harmonic component and the ninth order 9 in relation to the fundamental frequency f Referring to FIG. 7, the periodic functional signal generator 1 generates a signal S of a periodic functional wave having a frequency 911. After being amplified by an amplifier the signal S is conducted to a frequency divider 3. As illustrated, the frequency divider 3 comprises flip-

flop circuits

32, 33, 34 and serially connected to a Schmitt trigger circuit 31. The signal S of a periodic functional wave is adjusted in the wave form by the Schmitt trigger circuit 31 and carried to the first to fourth flip-

flop circuits

32, 33, 34 and 35. By feeding the output from the second fiip-flop circuit 33 back to the first flip-flop circuit 32, the frequency of the signal S is reduced to one-third of the original frequency, thus obtaining another signal having a frequency, 3h. The signal thus obtained is transferred to a low-pass filter 36 as later described, and to the succeeding flip-

flop circuits

34 and 35. The output of the fourth flip-flop circuit 35 is carried back to the third flipflop circuit 34 to cause the aforesaid divided frequency to be further reduced to one-third. The output signal from the second flip-flop circuit 33 and that from the fourth flip-flop circuit 35 are mixed and supplied to a wave shaper 4 consisting of a directional integration circuit. The wave shaper generates a saw tooth wave signal S of a pulse-repetition frequency h. The signal S is transferred to an amplifier 37 to cause it to have a fixed amplitude.

On the other hand, the low-pass filter 36 has a property of passing only a signal of a low frequency range which does not exceed a certain upper limit. Thus the output signal from the second flip-flop circuit 33 whose frequency has already been reduced to one-third is introduced into a filter 36 to be shaped into a type containing large amounts of the third harmonics of the fundamental frequency f namely, a harmonic component 311, and thereafter amplified to a fixed amplitude by another amplifier 38. The amplified signal is conducted to an attenuator 39. Also, that portion of the signal S of a periodic functional wave which was separated from the output of the amplifier 30 is also amplified by another amplifier 40 and transmitted to another attenuator 41. Output signals from the

attenuators

39 and 41 having

frequencies

9 and 3 respectively are mixed and carried to the amplitude modulator 2, where these mixed signals are modulated in amplitude by the saw tooth wave signal issued from the amplifier 37. Then the amplitude modulator 2 generates a musical signal having a desired harmonic structure which contains a peak at both the third order 35 of a harmonic component and the ninth order 9;f This signal is formed into the desired output signal after being amplified by a buffer amplifier 42. [If the value of the fundamental frequency 7; is varied by changing the frequency 9 of the signal S then there will be realized musical tones having multiple formats of the desired musical interval.

There will now be described by reference to FIGS. 9 and 10 the apparatus of the present invention for synthesizing musical tones of a harmonic structure which contains only odd harmonic components insofar as the low orders of said harmonic components are concerned, such, for example, as the musical tones of a clarinet. Referring to FIG. 9, the periodic functional signal generator 1 generates a signal S of a sinusoidal functional wave having a frequency of, for example, 1271 in relation to the fundamental frequency A. The signal S is carried through an amplifier '50 to the succeeding frequency divider 3, where the signal S of a frequency 1271 is adjusted in the wave form by a Schmitt trigger circuit 51 and then transferred to flip-flop circuits '52, 53, 54 and 55 connected in series. Part of the output signal from the second flip-flop circuit 53 is sent back to the first flip-flop circuit 52 and so the frequency 129 is reduced to one-third by the first and second flip-

flop circuits

52 and 53, thus obtaining a signal 8.; of a frequency 4 3. The signal S of divided frequency is further reduced to one-fourth during transit through the third and fourth flip-

flop circuits

54 and 55 to obtain another signal of a pulse-repetition frequency h. This signal and the output signal from the first and second flip-

flop circuits

52 and 53 are mixed and supplied to a wave shaper 4 consisting of a directional integration circuit (not shown). From the wave shaper 4 is obtained due to directional integration a saw tooth wave signal S of a pulse-repetition frequency h. The signal S is amplified by an amplifier 56 to a fixed amplitude, and then transferred to an amplitude modulator 2 as a modulating signal. Since the amplitude modulator 2 is already supplied from an amplifier with the signal S of a sinusoidal functional wave having a frequency 12f so as to be modulated thereby, the amplitude modulator 2 generates a signal of a harmonic structure which contains a peak at the 12th order of a harmonic component in relation to the fundamental frequency 33. The signal thus generated is conducted to an attenuator 57. On the other hand, another output signal issued from the aforesaid fourth flip-flop circuit is a square wave signal of a pulse-repetition frequency h. The square signal is amplified by an amplifier 58. The square Wave signal has a harmonic spectrum wherein a harmonic component only appears at the odd number of order as shown in FIG. 3B. Therefore when the square wave signal is mixed with the output signal from the attenuator 57 there will be obtained a musical signal of such a harmonic structure as shown in FIG. 10. The musical signal is amplified to a desired extent by an amplifier 59.

The apparatus of the present invention can synthesize not only musical signals of a very special harmonic structure as has been described up to this point, but also a large variety of other musical signals at will. These other musical signals can be generated by an apparatus shown in FIG. 11. As illustrated, the apparatus is operated in the following manner. The periodic functional signal generator 1 generates a signal of a fixed frequency f. Said periodic functional signal is introduced into frequency dividers 3 3 3,, wherein the ratio in which the frequency is divided is set at 1/n 1/n l/n respectively in terms of integers (where 11 n represent different integers with n n Output signals from frequency dividers 3 3' 3 are supplied to wave shapers 4 4 4 These wave shapers are not formed from the same type of circuit, but from a plurality of those types which can shape the aforesaid signal of divided frequency into one having a special wave form such as at least a saw tooth wave, square wave or triangular wave. Output signals from the wave shapers 4 4 4,; are conducted to a plurality of circuits involving serially connected amplifiers 60 60 60,; and phase shifters 61 61 61 respectively. These phase shifters enable the phase of output signals from the Wave shapers 4 4 4 to be varied freely. The output signals from the phase shifters 61 61 61 are respectively supplied in parallel to the input terminal of the first and

second selection matrices

62 and 63. These

selection matrices

62 and 63 are interlocked with a keyboard switch (not shown) and select only desirable signals from among those which are carried to the input terminals thereof, and conduct the selected signals to the

output terminals

64 and 65 thereof. The signal issued from the output terminal 65 is transmitted to the amplitude modulator 2 and the signal taken out of the output terminal 64 is also transferred thereto as a signal modulating the amplitude of the signal from the aforesaid terminal 65. From the amplitude modulator 2 is obtained a musical tone having a desired complicated harmonic structure. The signals entering the input terminals of the

selection matrices

62 and 63 have their own specific harmonic spectra. Therefore, control of the keyboard switch enables a signal having a desired harmonic spectrum to be obtained from the

output terminals

64 and 65 of the

selection matrices

62 and 63. Namely, amplitude modulation produces that type of harmonic structure in which side bands are formed around the respective harmonic components contained in the first signals in accordance with the harmonic spectra of the second signals modulating the amplitude of the first signals, thus synthesizing musical tones having various complicated harmonic structures.

As mentioned above, the present invention enables desired musical signals to be synthesized over a broad range of musical intervals using a simple construction. While the foregoing description relates to the synthesis of harmonic structures of tones of several musical instruments, it is needless to say that the tones of other musical instruments can be easily synthesized using the concept of the present invention. It will be understood that the aforementioned embodiments of the invention are offered only by way of illustration and that the apparatus according to the invention may be practised in various modifications. It will also be noted that these modification constitute part of the present invention, provided that they do not change the spirit and object of the invention, but fall within the scope of the patent claims.

What is claimed is:

1. An electronic musical apparatus comprising:

means for generating a periodic functional signal having at least one frequency nf equivalent to an integral multiple n of the fundamental frequency f of a desired musical signal to be regenerated;

means coupled to said generating means for producing a frequency divided signal having a frequency corresponding to the frequency of said periodic functional signal divided by a predetermined value; wave shaping means coupled to said dividing means for changing the frequency divided signal into a wave shaped signal containing harmonic compoments corresponding to the harmonic structure of the musical signal to be regenerated; and means for amplitude modulating a signal including the output signal from said generating means with said wave shaped signal to thereby produce said musical signal. 2. An electronic musical apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said predetermined value is an integer 11 equal to said integral multiple n.

3. An electronic musical apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said periodic functional signal is sinusoidal wave signal.

4. An electronic musical apparatus according to claim 3 wherein the said 'wave shaping means comprises means for shaping said frequency divided signal into a square wave.

5. An electronic musical apparatus according to claim 3 wherein said wave shaping means comprises means for shaping said frequency divided signal into a saw tooth wave.

6. An electronic musical apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising means for adding said periodic functional signal to the output signal from said amplitude modulating means.

7. An electronic musical apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said generating means includes means for generating a plurality of periodic functional signals, each having a different frequency, and means for selecting the periodic signal having a frequency corresponding to the desired musical signal to be regenerated.

8. An electronic musical apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said dividing means produces an intermediate signal having a frequency which corresponds to the frequency of said periodic functional signal divided by a second predetermined value.

9. An electronic musical apparatus according to claim 8 comprising means combining said periodic functional signal and said intermediate signal to produce a combined signal, and wherein said amplitude modulating means modulates said combined signal with said wave shaped signal.

10. An electronic musical apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said dividing means includes means for generating from said periodic functional signal a square Wave signal having a pulse-repetition frequency equivalent to an integral multiple of the fundamental frequency of musical signal to be regenerated; and further comprising means mixing said square wave signal with the output signal from said amplitude modulating means.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,478,973 8/1949 Mahren 841.23 X 2,571,141 10/1951 Knoblaugh et a1. '841.21 X 3,058,381 lO/l962 Schwartz 841.19 X 3,334,173 8/1967 Young 84-1.12 X

HERMAN KARL SAALBACH, Primary Examiner T. VEZEAU, Assistant Examiner U.S. Cl. X.R. 841.21, 1.23