US3775109A - Electrophotographic photosensitive plate - Google Patents

Electrophotographic photosensitive plate Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3775109A
US3775109A US00038947A US3775109DA US3775109A US 3775109 A US3775109 A US 3775109A US 00038947 A US00038947 A US 00038947A US 3775109D A US3775109D A US 3775109DA US 3775109 A US3775109 A US 3775109A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
film
plate
selenium
accordance
support
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00038947A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
W Ohta
K Endo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ricoh Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Ricoh Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ricoh Co Ltd filed Critical Ricoh Co Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3775109A publication Critical patent/US3775109A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/14—Inert intermediate or cover layers for charge-receiving layers
    • G03G5/142—Inert intermediate layers
    • G03G5/144—Inert intermediate layers comprising inorganic material
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
    • G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
    • G03G5/043—Photoconductive layers characterised by having two or more layers or characterised by their composite structure
    • G03G5/0433—Photoconductive layers characterised by having two or more layers or characterised by their composite structure all layers being inorganic
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
    • G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
    • G03G5/08—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being inorganic
    • G03G5/082—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being inorganic and not being incorporated in a bonding material, e.g. vacuum deposited
    • G03G5/08207—Selenium-based

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT An electrophotographic photosensitive plate consisting of a conductive substrate support, a conductive substrate support, a conductive substrate support, a conductive substrate support, a conductive substrate support, a conductive substrate support, a conductive substrate support, a conductive substrate support, a conductive substrate support, a conductive substrate support, a conductive substrate support, a conductive substrate support, a conductive substrate support, a conductive substrate support, a conductive substrate support, a conductive substrate support, a conductive substrate support, a conductive substrate support, a conductive substrate support, a conductive substrate support, a conductive substrate support, a conductive substrate support, a conductive substrate support, a conductive substrate support, a conductive substrate support, a conductive substrate support, a conductive substrate support, a conductive substrate support, a conductive substrate support, a conductive substrate support, a conductive substrate support, a conductive substrate support, a conductive substrate support, a conductive substrate support, a
  • the present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive plate employing amorphous selenium as a main photoconductiveinsulating member.
  • the so-called Xerography plate is positively charged by a corona discharge in the dark and a light image is projected upon the plate, whereby a positively charged pattern is formed.
  • This pattern is contacted with electrostatically charged marking particles termed toner in the dark. These particles adhere to the areas where the electrostatic charges remain, forming a powder image corresponding to the electrostatic image.
  • the visible image so obtained is transferred to a permanent image recording medium such as paper.
  • the xerography plate is cleaned by physical means such as a soft brush so as to remove the remaining toner for re-use.
  • positive copies are obtained from a positive original in Xerography. If the positively charged toner is used, it will be possible to produce the positive copies from a negative original. In this case, there arise the problems that the toner must be replaced continuously in order to keep it positively charged and that the edge effect is enhanced, so that sharp images cannot be obtained.
  • a photosensitive plate must retain not onlypositive charge but also negative charge at high potential in order that both of the positive and negative copies may be obtained by using the toner having the same polarity.
  • an insulating barrier thin layer is formed upon a conductive substrate or support in order to increase the charge retaining time in the dark and a photoconductive insulating layer consisting of amorphous selenium is formed upon the insulating barrier layer.
  • the barrier layer the aluminum oxide thin layer obtained by'the oxidization of the surface of an aluminum substrate is generally used.
  • thin layers of other suitable insulating substance such as polystyrene may be used.
  • the photosensitive plate having a construction described above When the photosensitive plate having a construction described above is imparted with the charge in the dark and is projected with a light pattern of an original to be copied, the charge is dissipated corresponding to the original, so that the surface potential is dropped. But this surface potential drop will not become less than a certain value even when the light image is kept projected upon the photosensitive member. That is, a charge remains upon the photosensitive plate (termed residual potential).
  • the residual potential is almost negligible when the photosensitive plate is positively charged, but when the photosensitive plate is charged negatively, the residual potential is of the order of from 50V to 100V.
  • the cascade process in which the toner is cascaded upon the photosensitive plate is used for development, the residual potential in this degree does not present serious problems. However, when the photosensitive member is repetitively used in a relatively fast cycle, the residual potential is gradually accumulated, so that the copied images have low contrast. Especially when the positively charged toner is used, the whole image will be fogged, resulting in poor quality
  • the present invention is based upon the observed fact that when the temperature of the support is in the range from about 20C to about 40C during selenium deposition the resulting deposited photosensitive film consisting essentially of amorphous selenium may be positively or negatively charged uniformly to the same potential. For example, when the selenium photosensitive plate having a selenium film deposited under the aforesaid condition to a thickness of it was charged up to 1,000V.
  • an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photoconductive insulating layer consisting essentially of selenium deposited thereon while maintaining the support at a temperature from 20 to 40C so as to enable the photosensitive plate to be capable of being positively or negatively charged.
  • the electrophotographic photosensitive member has a metallic or other thin layer interposed between the selenium photoconductive insulating layer and the support so as to prevent the build-up of residual potential.
  • the photosensitive plate in accordance with the present invention may be positively or negatively charged, not only the positive copies are obtained from a positive original, but also positive copies are obtained from a negative original by using the toner having the same polarity and the problem of the residual potential can be completely eliminated.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the construction of an electrophotographic photosensitive plate in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 are graphs for explanation of the characteristics of various photosensitive plates in accor dance with the present invention.
  • conductive substrateor support 1 is provided with an intermediate layer 2 of amo rphous selenium which is formed by vacuum deposition while the support is maintained at a temperature 60C-75C. Gold and platinum might also be deposited on support 1 instead of selenium.
  • Photoconductive insulating layer 3 consisting essentially of amorphous selenium is then desposited on layer 2, while the temperature of the support 1 is maintained at 20C 40C.
  • the photosensitive plate so obtained may be charged positively or negatively and has a low residual potential 0 20V. Even after the photosensitive plate is subjected to repetitive charging and exposure, no residual potential is accumulated. Even when the photosensitive plate is charged positively, there will be no residual potential.
  • EXAMPLE I A. Gold was vapor deposited on an aluminum plate having a well polished surface to a thickness about 50A at a vacuum of 5 X mm Hg. Next selenium of 99.99 percent in purity was vacuum deposited to a thickness about 70 p. while the support was maintained at 30C. The distance between the selenium vaporization source and the support was 30 cm; the vacuum was 1 X 10 mm Hg; and the deposition time was 40 min utes.
  • FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the initial potential and a number of chargings and exposures cycled while FIG. 3, the relationship between the residual potential and a number of chargings and exposures cycled.
  • Curve a indicates the characteristic of the photosensitive plate A in the Example I consisting of the support, the gold layer and the selenium layer.
  • Curve b indicates the characteristic of the photosensitive plate B including the aluminum oxide thin film. From FIG. 2, it is readily seen that the photosensitive plate A had a tendency to reduce its initial potential slightly but after cycles, the same initial potential was maintained. This means that the photosensitive plate A could maintain the sufficient charge to be developed.
  • an intermediate barrier layer must be interposed between the support and the photoconductive insulating layer.
  • the photosensitive plate B had this intermediate barrier layer and showed the tendency that the surface potential was reduced to 90 percent within 15 seconds while the photosensitive plate A, to 80 percent. This means that when the photosensitive plate is used at a relatively high repetition rate, it presents no problem in practice even when the intermediate barrier layer is not provided.
  • the photosensitive plate B exhibited the tendency of accumulating the residual potential as the number of charging and exposure cycle was increased.
  • the photosensitive plate A showed a very low residual potential 0 10V and the accumulation of the residual potential was almost negligible.
  • EXAMPLE II C In order to evaporate platinum, a platinum wire was twisted with a tungsten wire and the evaporated platinum was deposited to a thickness of about 250A upon a clean aluminum plate. An electrophotographic photosensitive plate was then prepared by selenium deposition in accordance with the invention. The characteristics of thus obtained photosensitive plate are indicated by the curves c in FIGS. 2 and 3. It is seen that the residual potential of this photosensitive plate C was very low. I
  • EXAMPLE III about 30C and element of selenium which comprises admixing therewith an amount of element of tellurium of 5 percent by weight was then deposited to a thickness about in the same manner as in Example I.
  • the characteristics of thus obtained xerographic plate are indicated by curves d in FIGS. 2 and 3. It is seen that the residual potential was not detected at all.
  • any suitable electrically conductive substrate or support may be used in place of aluminum and copper.
  • An electrophotographic photosensitive plate comprising a conductive support, a first film of a metal selected from the group consisting of gold, platinum and selenium deposited on said support and a second film consisting essentially of selenium deposited on said first film, said second film having been deposited under conditions such that said support and said first film upon which said second film was deposited were at a temperature in the range about 20 40C as said second film was deposited.
  • a plate in accordance with claim 6 wherein said electrically conductive metal is selected from the group consisting of aluminum and copper.
  • a plate in accordance with claim 11 wherein said film of amorphous selenium has a thickness of about 70 microns.
  • a method for the production of electrophotographic photosensitive plates comprising a conductive support and a photoconductive layer
  • the improvement which comprises forming the photoconductive layer by first depositing a first film of metal selected from the group consisting of gold, platinum and selenium on said support, and, thereafter, depositing a second film of selenium while maintaining the temperature of the first film coated support at a temperature in the range from 20C. 40C.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
US00038947A 1969-05-22 1970-05-20 Electrophotographic photosensitive plate Expired - Lifetime US3775109A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP44039787A JPS4838425B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-05-22 1969-05-22

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3775109A true US3775109A (en) 1973-11-27

Family

ID=12562638

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00038947A Expired - Lifetime US3775109A (en) 1969-05-22 1970-05-20 Electrophotographic photosensitive plate

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3775109A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS4838425B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA928126A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2024863C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2048688A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1308232A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3899327A (en) * 1973-02-08 1975-08-12 Int Standard Electric Corp Charge carrier foil
US3925571A (en) * 1973-02-08 1975-12-09 Int Standard Electric Corp Method of making a selenium charge carrier plate
US4008082A (en) * 1973-02-19 1977-02-15 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-G.M.B.H. Method for producing an electrophotographic recording material
US4046562A (en) * 1973-12-21 1977-09-06 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-G.M.B.H. Electrophotographic recording material and its method of manufacture
US4187104A (en) * 1978-06-30 1980-02-05 Xerox Corporation Electrophotographic photoreceptor with composite interlayer and method of making
US4241158A (en) * 1977-12-28 1980-12-23 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Vacuum deposited electrophotographic photosensitive member
US4521504A (en) * 1978-09-22 1985-06-04 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Composite photosensitive material for use in electrophotography

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3227294A1 (de) * 1982-07-21 1984-01-26 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Roentgenelektrofotografisches aufzeichnungsmaterial und verfahren zur erzeugung eines elektrischen ladungsbildes

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2753278A (en) * 1951-04-14 1956-07-03 Haloid Co Method for the production of a xerographic plate
US2896507A (en) * 1952-04-16 1959-07-28 Foerderung Forschung Gmbh Arrangement for amplifying the light intensity of an optically projected image
US2962376A (en) * 1958-05-14 1960-11-29 Haloid Xerox Inc Xerographic member
US2970906A (en) * 1955-08-05 1961-02-07 Haloid Xerox Inc Xerographic plate and a process of copy-making
US3056136A (en) * 1957-10-31 1962-09-25 Jack E Macgriff Image control device and method of printing
US3174855A (en) * 1961-02-23 1965-03-23 Xerox Corp Method for a production of a xerographic plate
US3335003A (en) * 1963-10-09 1967-08-08 Xerox Corp Reflex xerographic process

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2753278A (en) * 1951-04-14 1956-07-03 Haloid Co Method for the production of a xerographic plate
US2896507A (en) * 1952-04-16 1959-07-28 Foerderung Forschung Gmbh Arrangement for amplifying the light intensity of an optically projected image
US2970906A (en) * 1955-08-05 1961-02-07 Haloid Xerox Inc Xerographic plate and a process of copy-making
US3056136A (en) * 1957-10-31 1962-09-25 Jack E Macgriff Image control device and method of printing
US2962376A (en) * 1958-05-14 1960-11-29 Haloid Xerox Inc Xerographic member
US3174855A (en) * 1961-02-23 1965-03-23 Xerox Corp Method for a production of a xerographic plate
US3335003A (en) * 1963-10-09 1967-08-08 Xerox Corp Reflex xerographic process

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Keck, Photoconductivity in Vacuum Coated Selenium Films, J. Opt. Soc. Amer., Vol. 42, No. 4, Apr. 1952, pp. 221 225. *
McNeil et al., Selenium Coatings in the Thickness Range 2 to 2.5m for Xerography, Journal of Photographic Science, Vol. 7, 1959, pp. 25 32. *

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3899327A (en) * 1973-02-08 1975-08-12 Int Standard Electric Corp Charge carrier foil
US3925571A (en) * 1973-02-08 1975-12-09 Int Standard Electric Corp Method of making a selenium charge carrier plate
US4008082A (en) * 1973-02-19 1977-02-15 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-G.M.B.H. Method for producing an electrophotographic recording material
US4046562A (en) * 1973-12-21 1977-09-06 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-G.M.B.H. Electrophotographic recording material and its method of manufacture
US4241158A (en) * 1977-12-28 1980-12-23 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Vacuum deposited electrophotographic photosensitive member
US4187104A (en) * 1978-06-30 1980-02-05 Xerox Corporation Electrophotographic photoreceptor with composite interlayer and method of making
US4521504A (en) * 1978-09-22 1985-06-04 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Composite photosensitive material for use in electrophotography

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2048688A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-03-19
CA928126A (en) 1973-06-12
DE2024863A1 (de) 1970-12-03
DE2024863B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-12-13
JPS4838425B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-11-17
DE2024863C3 (de) 1981-01-29
GB1308232A (en) 1973-02-21

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3041167A (en) Xerographic process
US4338387A (en) Overcoated photoreceptor containing inorganic electron trapping and hole trapping layers
US2970906A (en) Xerographic plate and a process of copy-making
US3775109A (en) Electrophotographic photosensitive plate
US3609031A (en) Method of forming electrostatic latent images
US4609605A (en) Multi-layered imaging member comprising selenium and tellurium
US3719481A (en) Electrostatographic imaging process
US3685989A (en) Ambipolar photoreceptor and method of imaging
US3166418A (en) Image development
US2862816A (en) Method of and means for reducing triboelectric forces in electrophotography
US3764315A (en) Ambipolar electrophotographic plate
US4554230A (en) Electrophotographic imaging member with interface layer
US3795513A (en) Method of storing an electrostatic image in a multilayered photoreceptor
US4518671A (en) Electrophotographic photosensitive Se or Se alloy doped with oxygen
US3655369A (en) Persistent internal polarization process in electrophotography
US2745327A (en) Electrophotographic process
US4047945A (en) Xeroprinting master and process
US4197119A (en) Electrophotographic process
US3489560A (en) Photoconductive layer comprising a selenium compound and a solid hydrophobic metal salt of a fatty acid
US3794418A (en) Imaging system
US2862817A (en) Crystalline selenium plate
US3709683A (en) Infrared sensitive image retention photoreceptor
US4287279A (en) Overcoated inorganic layered photoresponsive device and process of preparation
US3837849A (en) Multilayered variable speed photoreceptor and method of using same
US4572883A (en) Electrophotographic imaging member with charge injection layer