US3775064A - Apparatus for detoxifying exhaust emissions of an internal-combustion engine - Google Patents

Apparatus for detoxifying exhaust emissions of an internal-combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
US3775064A
US3775064A US00181692A US3775064DA US3775064A US 3775064 A US3775064 A US 3775064A US 00181692 A US00181692 A US 00181692A US 3775064D A US3775064D A US 3775064DA US 3775064 A US3775064 A US 3775064A
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chamber
tube
apparatus defined
catalyst
entrance
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US00181692A
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English (en)
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H W Berger
H Berger
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features
    • F01N13/14—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features having thermal insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2033—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using a fuel burner or introducing fuel into exhaust duct
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/22—Control of additional air supply only, e.g. using by-passes or variable air pump drives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/30—Arrangements for supply of additional air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/38—Arrangements for igniting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/08—Granular material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • An antipollution device for detoxifying exhaust gases of an internal-combustion engine i.e. a catalytic exhaust-gas reformer
  • the annular chamber between the inner tube and the intermediate tube is filled with a mass of catalyst kept in a packed condition by a spring-biased disk defining one end of the intermediate chamber.
  • the inner tube is conical and the intermediate tube can be cylindrical or conical.
  • the outer chamber is filled with catalyst impregnated insulation and is provided with gas outlets while an entrance chamber communicates with the inner tube and is fed with raw exhaust gases from the engine through a feed chamber partially surrounding the outer tube.
  • a burner is provided in the entrance chamber to heat up the catalyst during the first moments of engine operation to prevent fouling of this catalyst.
  • the end of the apparatus may be removed for replacement of either of the inner two tubes, of the insulation, or of the catalyst.
  • the present invention relates to an antipollution device for the waste gases of an internal-combustion engine and, more particularly to an antipollution device which is adapted to be used in a motor vehicle to detoxify and purify the exhaust gases thereof before they are released to the atmosphere, i.e. an exhaust gas catalytic afterburner or reformer.
  • Another object of this invention is the provision of an antipollution device which detoxifies completely the waste gases of an internal-combustion engine.
  • Another object is to provide a catalytic exhaust-gas reformer or afterburner which is simple, can be maintained with ease, is adaptable to various automobile structures and is highly efficient.
  • a further object is the provision of a compact wastegas oxidizer and filter which has a long service life and otherwise overcomes the disadvantages of the prior-art antipollution devices.
  • An entrance chamber is provided at one end of the nested tubes and communicates with the interior of the inner tube while communicating with a feed chamber formed at least partly around the outer tube and connected to the engine exhaust.
  • a burner is provided in this entrance chamber as well as a filter in order to preheat the catalyst in the intermediate chamber and to eliminate soot and water vapor from the waste gases prior to their contact with the catalyst.
  • Means are provided to operate the burner when the internal-combustion engine is started to preheat the catalyst and thereby prevent it from becoming coated with soot and the like. Similarly such a burner acts as a noncatalytic afterbumer to detoxify many of the normally toxic exhaust emissions, and, since it is directed axially into the inner tube, the heat it generates is dissipated throughout the entire apparatus.
  • the device according to the invention can thus replace the usual muffler and serve as a muffler for sound damping purposes.
  • the catalyst is packed in the intermediate chamber by a spring-biased disk.
  • the inner tube at least is conical and shorter than the other two tubes so that the spring-biased disk can pack the catalytic bodies as, with time, the vibration of the vehicle, frictional abrasion and the like wear down or cause shrinkage of the catalyst bodies.
  • the spring behind this disk is advantageously braced against a removable end cover to allow replacement and renewal of the catalyst. In'this manner no holes which would lead to through passage of poisonous gases form in the catalyst, and the back-pressure of the device remains substantially constant, positively influencing engine performance.
  • the exhaust gases enter the entrance chamber through a filter grid and catalyst rim which catalytically reduce the nitrogen oxide before these waste gases are mixed with air at the burner.
  • This grid simultaneously removes most of the condensates, carbon black, and lead oxides.
  • a catalytic screen is provided in the outer chamber with an insulation body surrounding this screen to maintain high temperatures in the antipollution device for best working of the conventional platinum-base catalyst.
  • This insulation body can in turn be impregnated with catalytic compounds.
  • Such insulation maintains the temperature in the necessary infra-red range (580 620 C.) so that the catalysts will work at their most efficient level and their fouling is completely ruled out.
  • a blower which can operate at least at two different speeds in order to insure a high air to exhaust-gas ratio in the apparatus. Means are provided to adjust the throughput of this blower according to engine speed and to the temperature within the antipollution device.
  • FIG. 1 is an axial section through an embodiment of the apparatus according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross section through the apparatus of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is an end view of the apparatus of FIG. 1;
  • FIGS. 4 and are schematic diagrams of control circuits for the apparatus according the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a detail view of an alternative embodiment of this invention.
  • the apparatus of this invention has three coaxial nested tubes 1, 2 and 3 of heatand acid-resistant material, defining three chambers 4, 5 and 6.
  • the inner tube 1 is conical and perforated along its entire length 1.
  • the intermediate tube 2 is cylindrical and perforated only through the distance 1 in its regions surrounding this inner tube 1. Otherwise the intermediate tube 2 has a length L which is about onethird greater than 1.
  • the outer tube 3 is provided with outlets 9 and is cylindrical. All three tubes 1, 2, and 3 are made of plated steel or another such heatand chemical-resistant material.
  • the conical chamber 4 within the inner tube 1 is empty of any solid structure while the intermediate chamber 5 between tubes 1 and 2 is filled with a packed mass of catalyst 8 in the form of a multiplicity of small catalytic bodies of round, cylindrical, or other shape.
  • the mass of catalyst is not cohesive.
  • a disk 17 seals the end of the chamber 5 and has a compression spring 18 which bears on a cap 19 threaded onto the end of tube 2.
  • Another cap 33 seals the end of tube 3.
  • the spring 18 pushes the disk 17 to the right as seen in FIG. 1 to keep it densely packed.
  • the degree of density of the catalyst is determined by the spring 18.
  • the intermediate tube 2 is formed with perforations 21 and is surrounded by a screen 22 in turn surrounded by a porous sleeve 23 of insulating material impregnated with a catalytic compound.
  • This sleeve 23 has a length L" which is slightly longer than the perforated region 1 of the tube 2 and shorter than the overall length L of the chamber 5 as shown here before size reduction of the catalytic mass 8.
  • a U-section metal plate 11 defines a chamber overlying substantially half of the tube 3 and extending the full length thereof.
  • Four exhaust-gas inlets 12 connected to an internalcombustion engine 34 are provided.
  • the chamber 10 communicates through an orifice 10', a heated catalytic screen-filter 25 and a catalytic ring 24 with an entrance chamber 7 communicating in turn through a mixer 20 with the chamber 4.
  • An axial tube 13 extends through the ring 24 into the chamber 7 and is connected via conduit to a compressor 30 from which a second smaller-diameter conduit 26 feeds directly into the chamber 7.
  • a nozzle 31 connected through a line 14 and an electromagnetically operable pressure-regulating valve 29 to a motorvehicle fuel pump 28 opens axially in the end of the tube 15 which is provided at its end with an atomizing screen 32.
  • a spark plug 16 connected to an ignition coil 27 (see FIG. 3) is provided in the tube 13. Simultaneous operation of the pumps 30 and 28 along with opening of the valve 29 and firing of the spark plug 16 will cause a flame to form in the tube 13, directed to the left in FIG. 1.
  • a relay 35 is operated to connect one side of the motor-vehicle battery 36 via contacts 35a through normally closed contacts 37a of a relay 37 to a transistorized tachometer-speed control 38 coupled to the ignition coil 45 of the engine 34 and also to connect the battery 36 via contacts 35b through a pair of normally open contacts 46a of a relay 46 to the coil 27.
  • a timed holding relay 41 is operated which in turn operates both of the relays 37 and 39.
  • the contacts 41a and 41b of the relay 41 are designed to remain closed for 40 seconds, although up to seconds would be permissible.
  • Relay 39 on closing, breaks the circuit from the motor 30 through the tachometer 38 via contacts 39a and connects this motor 30 via contacts 39b directly through the contacts 35a of relay 35 and a 40-amp fuse to the battery 36. Since the normally-open contacts 39b of relay 39 are connected inward of resistors 43 connected between this motor 30 and the tachometer 38, and since the other side of the motor is connected only through a small resistor 44 to ground, the motor 30 operates at high speed delivering liters of air per minute to the chamber 7. For the same period relay 37 is closed so that its contacts 37a interrupt the connection between the tachometer 38 and the battery 36, and its contacts 37b and 370 connect the ignition coil 27 and the pump 28 and valve 29 to the battery 36. The normally closed contacts 46a of a relay 46 are connected across contacts 37a.
  • the blower 30 starts to pass 40.5 liters/minute of air through the chambers 7, 4, 5 and 6, and thence out through outlets 9.
  • the starter switch 42 When the starter switch 42 is actuated the blower is operated at a much higher rate and the burner is set into operation by sparking of the spark plug 16 and spraying of gas at the nozzle 31. Afier 40 seconds gas is no longer fed to the burner, and at the same time the speed of the blower 30 is reduced according to engine speed. Simultaneously or later, if the generator 47 is not yet operating sufficiently, the spark plug 16 is deactivated. These operations serve to heat up the catalysts 8 and 24 of the apparatus to between 580 and 620C., so that soot cannot deposit on the catalyst.
  • FIG. 5 shows the schematic diagram for a four-cycle engine.
  • a relay 50 is operated and a pilot lamp 51 is lighted. This closes contacts 50a and 50b to start the motor 30 operating at its lowest speed, since it is connected in series across the battery with five resistors. 53 of equal resistance.
  • actuation of the starter switch 40 operates a time relay 52 adapted to hold foronly 120 seconds, although up to 180. seconds would be permissible with a large en-' gine.
  • Contacts 52a of the relay 52 thereby actuate a relay 54 whose contacts 54a and 54b feed current from the battery 36 to a point 55 in the circuit.
  • the other normally open contacts 52b of the relay 52 connect a relay 56 to the point 55, closing contacts 56a of this relay.
  • the above operations feed power to the coil 27, to the valve 29 to open it, to the pump 28, to a relay 57 having contacts 57a, and to a red pilot light 58.
  • the relays 56 and 57 connect the motor 30 across the battery with only two of its five resistors 53, to operate this DC motor at top speed.
  • the tachometer 38 includes a speed sensing circuit 59 which is connected to the spark coil 47 to actuate one of two relays 60 or 61, depending on engine rpm.
  • a speed sensing circuit 59 which is connected to the spark coil 47 to actuate one of two relays 60 or 61, depending on engine rpm.
  • neither relay 60 nor 61 is actuated so that the contacts of relays 57 and 62 remain in the illustrated positions, with all five resistors 53 connected in series with the motor 30.
  • the relay 61 is actuated to close the relay 62 and switch out one of the resistors 53, thereby speeding up the motor 30.
  • the other relay 57 which has a red pilot light 58 is also actu- FIG.
  • a conical tube 1' is formed of a plurality of segments urgedapart by springs- 1a, slits between the segments permitting gas passage.
  • a conical tube 2 is provided so that the cross-- sectional area between them is-the same along their entire lengths.
  • the springs la serve to tamp the catalyst 8.
  • a mixing orifice 20. is mounted on the tube 13 instead of on the wall separating the chambers 7 and 4.
  • moving the unit from the car In operation it uses the heat of the exhaust gases for catalytic reduction and afterburning.
  • An antipollution apparatus for detoxifying the exhaust emissions of an internal-combustion engine comprising:
  • feed chamber on said outer tube and communicating with said entrance chamber, said feed chamber having an inlet adapted to be connected to an ex haustgas outlet of an intemal-combustion engine;
  • said burner means comprises an ignition tube extending into said entrance chamber and a spark plug in said ignition tube, said mixer being mounted on said ignition tube.
  • An antipollution apparatus for detoxifying the exhaust emissions of an internal-combustion engine, said apparatus comprisingz 7 an outer tube provided with an outlet;
  • feed chamber on said outer tube and communicating with said entrance chamber, said feed chamber having an inlet adapted to be connected to an exhaust-gas outlet of an intemal-combustion engine
  • burner means in said entrance chamber for heating said catalyst by passing a hot gas therethrough, said inner tube being substantially conical and comprised of a plurality of conical segments, said apparatus further comprising a plurality of springs urging diametrically opposed ones of said segments apart.
  • blower means for feeding air to said ignition tube upstream of said spark plug.
  • An antipollution apparatus for detoxifying the exhaust emissions of an internal-combustion engine comprising:
  • feed chamber on said outer tube and communicating with said entrance chamber, said feed chamber having an inlet adapted to be connected to an exhaust-gas outlet of an internal-combustion engine;
  • burner means in said entrance chamber for heating said catalyst by passing a hot gas therethrough, an insulating sleeve in said outer chamber, said insulating sleeve being impregnated with a catalytically-active compound.
  • blower means for feeding air to said ignition tube upstream of said spark plug.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
US00181692A 1970-09-19 1971-09-20 Apparatus for detoxifying exhaust emissions of an internal-combustion engine Expired - Lifetime US3775064A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19702046324 DE2046324A1 (de) 1970-09-19 1970-09-19 Vorrichtung zur Vernichtung der schädlichen Anteile der Abgase von Verbrennungsmotoren

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DE (1) DE2046324A1 (OSRAM)
FR (1) FR2112966A5 (OSRAM)
NL (1) NL7112906A (OSRAM)

Cited By (39)

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US3868819A (en) * 1971-11-24 1975-03-04 Bosch Gmbh Robert Exhaust gas purifying apparatus
US3892536A (en) * 1972-11-27 1975-07-01 Decatox Gmbh Apparatus for the purification of waste gases from internal combustion engines
US3910042A (en) * 1972-05-08 1975-10-07 Nippon Denso Co System for purifying exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine
US3913323A (en) * 1973-03-22 1975-10-21 Paul August Device for treatment of exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine
US3925026A (en) * 1974-08-20 1975-12-09 Gen Motors Corp Spring loaded catalytic converter with externally mounted spring
US3945802A (en) * 1972-01-14 1976-03-23 Robert Bosch Gmbh Exhaust gas purifying apparatus
US3957445A (en) * 1974-06-12 1976-05-18 General Motors Corporation Engine exhaust system with monolithic catalyst element
US4224285A (en) * 1978-04-05 1980-09-23 Texaco Inc. Smoke filter for internal combustion engines
US4566271A (en) * 1982-12-01 1986-01-28 Lucas Industries Public Limited Company Engine systems
US4651524A (en) * 1984-12-24 1987-03-24 Arvin Industries, Inc. Exhaust processor
US4818496A (en) * 1985-09-13 1989-04-04 Mitsui Mining Company, Limited Apparatus for treating a sulfur dioxide-containing gas
US4893995A (en) * 1988-12-05 1990-01-16 General Motors Corporation Electric motor-driven impeller-type air pump
US5053062A (en) * 1989-09-22 1991-10-01 Donaldson Company, Inc. Ceramic foam prefilter for diesel exhaust filter system
US5155995A (en) * 1991-02-05 1992-10-20 Texaco Inc. Catalytic converter preheating system
US5238472A (en) * 1991-04-05 1993-08-24 J. Eberspacher Particle filter that can be regenerated by burning free for the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines
US5250094A (en) * 1992-03-16 1993-10-05 Donaldson Company, Inc. Ceramic filter construction and method
US5338903A (en) * 1991-08-30 1994-08-16 Briggs & Stratton Corporation Combination muffler and catalytic converter
US5339629A (en) * 1993-03-05 1994-08-23 Briggs & Stratton Corporation External catalytic converter for small internal combustion engines
US5419121A (en) * 1993-04-16 1995-05-30 Engelhard Corporation Method and apparatus for reduction of pollutants emitted from automotive engines by flame incineration
US5444975A (en) * 1993-03-26 1995-08-29 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method and arrangement for controlling the supply of secondary air for an internal combustion engine
US5456063A (en) * 1992-07-10 1995-10-10 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Secondary air supply apparatus for engine
US5457957A (en) * 1993-03-17 1995-10-17 Pierburg Gmbh Method and apparatus for heating a catalytic converter upon cold engine starting
US5525308A (en) * 1994-02-11 1996-06-11 Volkswagen Ag Exhaust gas purificating arrangement for an internal combustion engine having a gas adsorber and a catalyzer downstream from the gas adsorber
US5570576A (en) * 1994-07-05 1996-11-05 General Motors Corporation Catalyst heater with staged exhaust exotherm
US5584178A (en) * 1994-06-14 1996-12-17 Southwest Research Institute Exhaust gas combustor
US5802844A (en) * 1995-06-30 1998-09-08 Chrysler Corporation After-burner heated catalyst system and associated control circuit and method
US5890361A (en) * 1997-01-29 1999-04-06 Corning Incorporated Exhaust gas fluidics apparatus
WO2000027518A1 (en) * 1998-11-10 2000-05-18 International Fuel Cells, Llc Hydrocarbon fuel gas reformer assembly for a fuel cell power plant
US6296814B1 (en) * 1998-11-10 2001-10-02 International Fuel Cells, L.L.C. Hydrocarbon fuel gas reformer assembly for a fuel cell power plant
US20040033174A1 (en) * 2000-12-08 2004-02-19 Brueck Rolf Reformer installation with heat shield
US6887436B1 (en) * 2000-06-27 2005-05-03 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Fast light-off catalytic reformer
US20050150211A1 (en) * 2004-01-13 2005-07-14 Crawley Wilbur H. Method and apparatus for directing exhaust gas through a fuel-fired burner of an emission abatement assembly
US20080282687A1 (en) * 2005-09-30 2008-11-20 Korea Institute Of Energy Research Heating Device for Exhaust Gas in Internal Combustion Engine
US20100000187A1 (en) * 2007-01-03 2010-01-07 Kim Ki-Ho Assembly of ceramic filter and method of assembling the same
US20100170229A1 (en) * 2005-05-20 2010-07-08 Helmut Venghaus Exhaust gas system for a motor vehicle
DE10045607B4 (de) * 2000-09-15 2013-11-28 Volkswagen Ag Emissionsminderndes Kraftfahrzeugaggregat und entsprechendes Verfahren
US20140223891A1 (en) * 2004-05-25 2014-08-14 Cameron International Corporation Two-stroke lean burn gas engine with a silencer-catalytic converter
US9388718B2 (en) 2014-03-27 2016-07-12 Ge Oil & Gas Compression Systems, Llc System and method for tuned exhaust
US10738676B2 (en) 2018-10-23 2020-08-11 Faurecia Emissions Control Technologies, Usa, Llc Thermal regenerator for exhaust system

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US2807930A (en) * 1955-02-23 1957-10-01 Oxy Catalyst Inc Purification of exhaust gases
US3018841A (en) * 1960-01-04 1962-01-30 Gerlich Stephen Muffler
US3197287A (en) * 1961-04-03 1965-07-27 American Cyanamid Co Catalytic converter
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US9771844B2 (en) * 2004-05-25 2017-09-26 Ge Oil & Gas Compression Systems, Llc Two-stroke lean burn gas engine with a silencer-catalytic converter
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US20080282687A1 (en) * 2005-09-30 2008-11-20 Korea Institute Of Energy Research Heating Device for Exhaust Gas in Internal Combustion Engine
US8196388B2 (en) * 2005-09-30 2012-06-12 Korea Institute Of Energy Research Heating device for exhaust gas in internal combustion engine
US20100000187A1 (en) * 2007-01-03 2010-01-07 Kim Ki-Ho Assembly of ceramic filter and method of assembling the same
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US10738676B2 (en) 2018-10-23 2020-08-11 Faurecia Emissions Control Technologies, Usa, Llc Thermal regenerator for exhaust system

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DE2046324A1 (de) 1972-03-23
NL7112906A (OSRAM) 1972-03-21
FR2112966A5 (OSRAM) 1972-06-23

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