US3773119A - Perforating apparatus - Google Patents

Perforating apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3773119A
US3773119A US00286364A US3773119DA US3773119A US 3773119 A US3773119 A US 3773119A US 00286364 A US00286364 A US 00286364A US 3773119D A US3773119D A US 3773119DA US 3773119 A US3773119 A US 3773119A
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United States
Prior art keywords
walls
port
perforating
charge
shaped
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00286364A
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English (en)
Inventor
J Shore
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Schlumberger Technology Corp
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Schlumberger Technology Corp
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
    • E21B43/116—Gun or shaped-charge perforators
    • E21B43/117—Shaped-charge perforators

Definitions

  • a group of shaped explosive charges are respectively mounted in diametricallyopposed lateral openings formed at spaced intervals along the length of an elongated expendable tubular member sized for reception in a typical end-loaded perforating carrier.
  • Opposed locking lugs are cooperatively arranged on the shaped charges for interlocking engagement with the edges of the openings to secure the charges to the expendable tube.
  • One typical technique which has been widely used heretofore is to employ an elongated hand-operated loading tool for individually locating each shaped charge one at a time adjacent to its assigned port and then holding it in this position until the port plug is installed.
  • Another common arrangement is to mount the shaped charges in complementary openings formed at spaced intervals along the length of an elongated flat metal strip which is then slipped into the carrier as a unit. In either case, some device must also be provided for securing the shaped charges in alignment with their respective ports without impairing the operation of the shaped charges.
  • One typical mounting arrangement (as shown at 60 in US. Pat. No. 3,246,707) employs a truncated conical metal sleeve which is secured over the forward end of a shaped charge and contacted by its associated port plug to firmly secure the charge in position when the plug is installed.
  • FIG. 1 shows typical perforating apparatus employing the principles of the present invention
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 depict a preferred embodiment of a charge-mounting tube and a group of shaped charges for the new and improved perforating apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 are enlarged cross-sectional views respectively illustrating the installation of the assembly of FIGS. 2 and 3 within a typical perforator carrier as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the perforating apparatus 10 includes a typical thick-walled tubular body or carrier 13 of steel or the like having a plurality of longitudinallyspaced side openings or ports 14 which are respectively fluidly sealed and closed by port-closure members such as threaded plugs 15. To provide access to the interior of the carrier 13, its lower end is closed by a removable end-closure member 16.
  • the perforating apparatus 10 further includes perforating means comprised of a plurality of laterallyoriented shaped explosive charges 17 which are disposed at longitudinally-spaced intervals within the carrier l3 and, as will subsequently be explained, are cooperatively secured therein to each face an assigned one of the lateral ports 1141.
  • the shaped charges 17 could alternatively be all faced in either the same lateral direction or alternately faced in diametrically-opposite directions, by virtue of the present invention the ports 14 can also be oriented so as to face the charges at selected angular increments of for distributing the resulting perforations uniformly about the circumference of a selected interval of the well bore 1 1.
  • the perforating means further include selectively-operable detonating means such as an electrically-responsive blasting cap 18 operatively coupled to a length of detonating cord 19 that is mounted within the carrier 13 in detonating proximity of each of the shaped charges 17.
  • detonating means such as an electrically-responsive blasting cap 18 operatively coupled to a length of detonating cord 19 that is mounted within the carrier 13 in detonating proximity of each of the shaped charges 17.
  • the new and improved perforating apparatus further includes an elongated tubular support which is adapted to be inserted longitudinally into the carrier 13 for supporting the shaped charges 17 at appropriately-spaced intervals in alignment with their respectively-assigned ports 14.
  • a typical shaped charge liner 21 is operatively disposed in the hollowed forward end of an explosive pellet 22 for producing, upon detonation, a perforating jet which is directed toward the right (as viewed in FIG. 3) along a selected perforating axis 23.
  • the shaped charges 17 respectively include a cylindrical container which, in the illustrated preferred embodiment, is comprised of a metallic inner jacket 24 that is complementally fitted in a hollowed outer case 25 of a suitable plastic material for minimizing the effects of laterally-directed explosive forces on the interior walls of the carrier 13.
  • the rear of the outer case 25 is shaped as illustrated to provide a rearwardlyfacing elongated groove 26 for retaining the detonating cord 19 within detonating proximity of the explosive pellet 22. Since the outer case 25 must complementally fit the interior configuration of the carrier 13, the forward and rearward ends of the case are rounded, as at 27 and 28, in a plane perpendicular to the cutting plane of FIG. 3.
  • the elongated tubular support 20 is provided with a plurality of diametrically-opposed openings, as at 29 and 30, which are cooperatively arranged in the sides of the tubular support for snugly receiving the forward and rearward portions of the shaped charges 17.
  • the tubular support 20 is formed with a square cross-section of suitable dimensions for locating its corners in touching engagement or immediately adjacent to circumferentially-spaced portions of the interior walls of the carrier 13.
  • the elongated support 20 is formed of a relatively-thin flexible material such as cardboard or fiberglass to permit the tubular support to be collapsed or flattened to facilitate its storage and shipment.
  • each side of the outer cases 25 is provided with identical or similar diametricallyopposed locking lugs 31 and 32 which are cooperatively shaped for snug engagement over the adjacent edge portions of each of the several openings 29 and 30 in the tubular support 20.
  • the lugs 31 and 32 are provided by cutting or forming generally-dovetailed recesses, as at 33, on opposite sides of the outer case 25 to define inclined inward surfaces 345 and 35 on the lugs on opposite ends of and overhanging a flat surface 36 between the lugs.
  • the shapes of the lugs 31 and 32 could be non-symmetrical, it is preferred to symmetrically shape them as respectively illustrated to facilitate manufacture of the outer cases 25.
  • the detonating cord l is wound around the support and progressively fitted into the elongated grooves 26 as each shaped charge is inserted into its respective openings 29 and 30. Accordingly, as best seen in FIG. 2, once the several shaped charges 17 are installed, the detonating cord 19 will be substantially supported on the tubular support 20 and will be ready for connection to the detonator 18. Moreover, as best seen in FIGS. 4 and 5, it will be appreciated that the square cross-section of the support 20 will result in the detonating cord 19 being wrapped around the flat sides of the support and recessed in the several openings 29 and 30 as it crosses the longitudinal edges of the support. This will, of course, maintain the cord 19 out of contact with the interior walls of the carrier 13 as the support 20 and charges 17 are being slid into the carrier.
  • FIG. 4 the perforating apparatus 10 of the present invention is illustrated as it will appear when the tubular support 20 and the several shaped charges 17 have been installed within the carrier 13 and the port plugs 15 are to be installed into the ports 14.
  • the port plug 15 As illustrated, as the port plug 15 is screwed into the port 14, its forward or inner end will initially encounter a plastic ring 37 loosely disposed on the forward end of a somewhat frusto-conical or domed annu lar retainer 38 of a yieldable material which is mounted on the forward end of the jacket and sized to provide an optimum stand-off distance.
  • the rearward curved wall 28 of the case 25 will initially be moved against the adjacent rear wall of the carrier 13.
  • the domed retainer ring 38 will be partially collapsed so as to tightly jam the shaped charge 17 between the port plug and the rear wall of the carrier 13.
  • the detonating cord 19 will be safely confined in the several grooves, as at 26, so as to prevent it from being either moved or crushed.
  • the present invention has provided new and improved perforating apparatus in which one or more shaped charges can be easily mounted in an end-loaded carrier and accurately positioned in coincidental alignment with their respectively-assigned lateral ports. Moreover, by virtue of this new and improved apparatus, once the shaped charges have been installed into the perforating carrier, they can be tightly retained in position without interfering with the operational performance of the charges.
  • Perforating apparatus adapted for producing perforations in a well bore and comprising:
  • an enclosed carrier including a tubular body having at least one end opening providing access into the internal bore of said body, and end-closure means adapted for fluidly sealing said one end opening;
  • perforating means including at least one shaped explosive charge having an external case sized for reception within said internal bore with said shaped charge positioned for firing along a selected perforating axis;
  • tubular body has a side port opening into said body bore ahead of said selected firing position of said shaped charge, and further including:
  • port-closure means adapted for fluidly sealing said side port
  • annular retainer of a yieldable material interposed between said case and said port-closure means and adapted to be compressed therebetween upon installation of said port-closure means in said side port.
  • first and second lugs on opposite sides of said case and respectively having outwardly-diverging inner surfaces adapted to abut outer surfaces of said first and second walls adjacent to said one aligned openmg.
  • port-closure means adapted for fluidly sealing said side port
  • a frusto-conical tubular retainer of a yieldable material interposed between said case and said portclosure means and adapted to be compressed therebetween upon installation of said port-closure means in said side port.
  • Perforating apparatus adapted for producing perforations in a well bore and comprising:
  • an enclosed carrier including an elongated cylindrical body having an internal bore with at least one open end, a plurality of lateral ports opening into said internal bore and arranged at spaced intervals along said body, an end-closure member adapted for fluidly sealing said open body end, and a plurality of port-closure members cooperatively arranged for fluidly sealing said lateral ports;
  • perforating means including a plurality of shaped explosive charges having external cases sized for reception within said internal bore with each of said shaped charges positioned for firing along a lateral perforating axis;
  • means adapted for securing said shaped charges within said internal bore in facing alignment with said lateral ports including a multi-walled tubular support sized for reception in said internal bore and having a plurality of first and second aligned case openings arranged at said spaced intervals in opposite walls of said support for receiving the forward and rearward end portions of said charge cases to respectively position each of said shaped charges in axial alignment with one of said lateral ports, and at least a first lug on each of said charge cases cooperatively arranged to respectively project outwardly from said first case openings into engagement with at least a first one of said walls to prevent substantial movement of said shaped charges relative to said support.
  • the perforating apparatus of claim 9 further including:
  • each of said charge cases spatially disposed from said first lugs and cooperatively arranged to respectively project outwardly from said second case openings for engagement with at least a second one of said walls.
  • first case openings are formed in the intersection of said first wall with a second adjoining wall of said support and said second case openings are formed in at least a third one of said walls opposite to said first and second walls, and further including:
  • first case openings are formed in the intersection of said first wall with a second adjoining wall of said support and said second case openings are formed in the intersection of adjoining third and fourth ones of said walls opposite to and respectively adjoining said first and second walls, and further including:
  • third and fourth lugs on opposite sides of said charge cases and cooperatively arranged to respectively project outwardly from said second case openings for engagement with said third and fourth walls.
  • electrically-responsive detonating means including a blasting cord disposed along said tubular support and having a plurality of loops mounted around said rearward end portions of said charge cases.
  • Perforating apparatus comprising:
  • an elongated tubular member having first and second adjoining walls diverging outwardly in relation to one another and third and fourth adjoining walls diverging outwardly in relation to one another and respectively opposing said first and second walls;
  • first and second series of laterally-aligned openings respectively formed at longitudinally-spaced intervals along the intersection of said first and second walls and the intersection of said third and fourth walls;
  • means adapted for securing said shaped charges on said tubular member including a first dovetailed recess formed on one side of the intermediate portion of each of said charge cases and defining opposed complementary surfaces respectively engaged with the outer surfaces of said first and third walls between said first and second aligned openings to substantially secure said shaped charges against either rotation or longitudinal movement in relation to said tubular member.
  • the perforating apparatus of claim 15 further including:
  • a second dovetailed recess formed on the opposite side of said intermediate portion of each of said charge cases and defining opposed complementary surfaces respectively engaged with the outer surfaces of said second and fourth walls between said first and second aligned openings.

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  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
US00286364A 1972-09-05 1972-09-05 Perforating apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3773119A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US28636472A 1972-09-05 1972-09-05

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US3773119A true US3773119A (en) 1973-11-20

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US00286364A Expired - Lifetime US3773119A (en) 1972-09-05 1972-09-05 Perforating apparatus

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US (1) US3773119A (ru)
JP (1) JPS5636279B2 (ru)
AR (1) AR208877A1 (ru)
AU (1) AU5998373A (ru)
BR (1) BR7306899D0 (ru)
CA (1) CA982046A (ru)
DE (1) DE2344454C2 (ru)
FR (1) FR2198050B1 (ru)
GB (1) GB1442629A (ru)
IT (1) IT1012071B (ru)
NL (1) NL170172C (ru)
NO (1) NO144399C (ru)

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3951218A (en) * 1975-04-11 1976-04-20 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Perforating apparatus
US4534423A (en) * 1983-05-05 1985-08-13 Jet Research Center, Inc. Perforating gun carrier and method of making
US4541486A (en) * 1981-04-03 1985-09-17 Baker Oil Tools, Inc. One trip perforating and gravel pack system
US4561356A (en) * 1983-08-29 1985-12-31 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Explosive charge safe-arming system
US4583602A (en) * 1983-06-03 1986-04-22 Dresser Industries, Inc. Shaped charge perforating device
US4598775A (en) * 1982-06-07 1986-07-08 Geo. Vann, Inc. Perforating gun charge carrier improvements
US4609057A (en) * 1985-06-26 1986-09-02 Jet Research Center, Inc. Shaped charge carrier
US4621396A (en) * 1985-06-26 1986-11-11 Jet Research Center, Inc. Manufacturing of shaped charge carriers
US4655138A (en) * 1984-09-17 1987-04-07 Jet Research Center, Inc. Shaped charge carrier assembly
US4726431A (en) * 1986-05-19 1988-02-23 James R. Duzan Well perforating apparatus and method
US4773299A (en) * 1986-05-19 1988-09-27 Halliburton Company Well perforating apparatus and method
US4844170A (en) * 1988-03-30 1989-07-04 Jet Research Center, Inc. Well perforating gun and method
US4889183A (en) * 1988-07-14 1989-12-26 Halliburton Services Method and apparatus for retaining shaped charges
US5027708A (en) * 1990-02-16 1991-07-02 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Safe arm system for a perforating apparatus having a transport mode an electric contact mode and an armed mode
US5054564A (en) * 1986-05-19 1991-10-08 Halliburton Company Well perforating apparatus
WO2009020891A1 (en) * 2007-08-06 2009-02-12 Halliburton Energy Service, Inc. Perforating gun
US20100276136A1 (en) * 2009-05-04 2010-11-04 Baker Hughes Incorporated Internally supported perforating gun body for high pressure operations
US20100276144A1 (en) * 2009-05-04 2010-11-04 Baker Hughes Incorporated High pressure/deep water perforating system
US8347962B2 (en) * 2005-10-27 2013-01-08 Baker Hughes Incorporated Non frangible perforating gun system
US20130340599A1 (en) * 2012-06-20 2013-12-26 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Reusable perforating gun and port plug
US11306564B2 (en) * 2019-06-20 2022-04-19 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Downhole tool for creating evenly-spaced perforation tunnels

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4498367A (en) * 1982-09-30 1985-02-12 Southwest Energy Group, Ltd. Energy transfer through a multi-layer liner for shaped charges
CA2246363C (en) * 1996-02-14 2002-09-17 Owen Oil Tools, Inc. System for producing high density, extra large well perforations

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2649046A (en) * 1947-05-01 1953-08-18 Du Pont Explosive package
US2686472A (en) * 1948-12-30 1954-08-17 Howard B Burns Torpedo shell for shooting wells
US2750884A (en) * 1951-10-16 1956-06-19 Texas Co Blasting of underground formations
US2764938A (en) * 1949-09-17 1956-10-02 Borg Warner Open hole carrier
US2833213A (en) * 1951-04-13 1958-05-06 Borg Warner Well perforator
US3128702A (en) * 1959-05-15 1964-04-14 Jet Res Ct Inc Shaped charge perforating unit and well perforating apparatus employing the same
US3717207A (en) * 1971-06-23 1973-02-20 Schlumberger Technology Corp Perforating apparatus

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2565788A (en) * 1947-08-23 1951-08-28 Mccullough Tool Company Gun perforator for well casings
US2750885A (en) * 1949-01-22 1956-06-19 Borg Warner Aligning means for shaped charge perforating apparatus
US2742857A (en) * 1950-01-12 1956-04-24 Lane Wells Co Gun perforators

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2649046A (en) * 1947-05-01 1953-08-18 Du Pont Explosive package
US2686472A (en) * 1948-12-30 1954-08-17 Howard B Burns Torpedo shell for shooting wells
US2764938A (en) * 1949-09-17 1956-10-02 Borg Warner Open hole carrier
US2833213A (en) * 1951-04-13 1958-05-06 Borg Warner Well perforator
US2750884A (en) * 1951-10-16 1956-06-19 Texas Co Blasting of underground formations
US3128702A (en) * 1959-05-15 1964-04-14 Jet Res Ct Inc Shaped charge perforating unit and well perforating apparatus employing the same
US3717207A (en) * 1971-06-23 1973-02-20 Schlumberger Technology Corp Perforating apparatus

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3951218A (en) * 1975-04-11 1976-04-20 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Perforating apparatus
US4541486A (en) * 1981-04-03 1985-09-17 Baker Oil Tools, Inc. One trip perforating and gravel pack system
US4598775A (en) * 1982-06-07 1986-07-08 Geo. Vann, Inc. Perforating gun charge carrier improvements
US4534423A (en) * 1983-05-05 1985-08-13 Jet Research Center, Inc. Perforating gun carrier and method of making
US4583602A (en) * 1983-06-03 1986-04-22 Dresser Industries, Inc. Shaped charge perforating device
US4561356A (en) * 1983-08-29 1985-12-31 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Explosive charge safe-arming system
US4655138A (en) * 1984-09-17 1987-04-07 Jet Research Center, Inc. Shaped charge carrier assembly
US4609057A (en) * 1985-06-26 1986-09-02 Jet Research Center, Inc. Shaped charge carrier
US4621396A (en) * 1985-06-26 1986-11-11 Jet Research Center, Inc. Manufacturing of shaped charge carriers
US4726431A (en) * 1986-05-19 1988-02-23 James R. Duzan Well perforating apparatus and method
US4773299A (en) * 1986-05-19 1988-09-27 Halliburton Company Well perforating apparatus and method
US5054564A (en) * 1986-05-19 1991-10-08 Halliburton Company Well perforating apparatus
US4844170A (en) * 1988-03-30 1989-07-04 Jet Research Center, Inc. Well perforating gun and method
US4889183A (en) * 1988-07-14 1989-12-26 Halliburton Services Method and apparatus for retaining shaped charges
US5027708A (en) * 1990-02-16 1991-07-02 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Safe arm system for a perforating apparatus having a transport mode an electric contact mode and an armed mode
US8347962B2 (en) * 2005-10-27 2013-01-08 Baker Hughes Incorporated Non frangible perforating gun system
WO2009020891A1 (en) * 2007-08-06 2009-02-12 Halliburton Energy Service, Inc. Perforating gun
US20090038846A1 (en) * 2007-08-06 2009-02-12 Walker Jerry L Perforating gun
US7828051B2 (en) 2007-08-06 2010-11-09 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Perforating gun
US20100276136A1 (en) * 2009-05-04 2010-11-04 Baker Hughes Incorporated Internally supported perforating gun body for high pressure operations
US20100276144A1 (en) * 2009-05-04 2010-11-04 Baker Hughes Incorporated High pressure/deep water perforating system
US8286697B2 (en) * 2009-05-04 2012-10-16 Baker Hughes Incorporated Internally supported perforating gun body for high pressure operations
US8839863B2 (en) * 2009-05-04 2014-09-23 Baker Hughes Incorporated High pressure/deep water perforating system
US20130340599A1 (en) * 2012-06-20 2013-12-26 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Reusable perforating gun and port plug
US11306564B2 (en) * 2019-06-20 2022-04-19 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Downhole tool for creating evenly-spaced perforation tunnels

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5636279B2 (ru) 1981-08-22
NO144399C (no) 1981-08-19
AU5998373A (en) 1975-03-06
NL170172B (nl) 1982-05-03
AR208877A1 (es) 1977-03-15
BR7306899D0 (pt) 1974-06-27
NO144399B (no) 1981-05-11
GB1442629A (en) 1976-07-14
NL170172C (nl) 1982-10-01
CA982046A (en) 1976-01-20
NL7312103A (ru) 1974-03-07
JPS4986201A (ru) 1974-08-19
DE2344454A1 (de) 1974-05-30
FR2198050A1 (ru) 1974-03-29
DE2344454C2 (de) 1983-12-15
IT1012071B (it) 1977-03-10
FR2198050B1 (ru) 1976-06-18

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