US3771000A - Vacuum tube for accelerating charged particles, such as electrons or ions, by high electric direct voltages - Google Patents

Vacuum tube for accelerating charged particles, such as electrons or ions, by high electric direct voltages Download PDF

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Publication number
US3771000A
US3771000A US00259587A US3771000DA US3771000A US 3771000 A US3771000 A US 3771000A US 00259587 A US00259587 A US 00259587A US 3771000D A US3771000D A US 3771000DA US 3771000 A US3771000 A US 3771000A
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United States
Prior art keywords
vessel
acceleration tube
charged particles
tube according
optic system
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00259587A
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English (en)
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K Willutzki
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Individual
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Individual
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H5/00—Direct voltage accelerators; Accelerators using single pulses
    • H05H5/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J5/00—Details relating to vessels or to leading-in conductors common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J5/02—Vessels; Containers; Shields associated therewith; Vacuum locks
    • H01J5/06—Vessels or containers specially adapted for operation at high tension, e.g. by improved potential distribution over surface of vessel

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT An acceleration tube for accelerating charged particles by high electric direct voltage with a plural stage immersion optic system, in which the vacuum vessel comprises a preferably cylindrical undivided glass or ceramic tube closed at both ends by detachable flanges.
  • the immersion optic system includes metallically conductive optic elements, insulating spacer and connecting members, and voltage dividing resistor chain means for distributing the potential in conformity with the respective requirements among said individual optic elements, said immersion optic system being adapted after disengagement of one of said flanges to be removed from and to be installed in said vessel as an entirety.
  • the present invention relates to a vacuum tube for accelerating charged particles, such as electrons and ions, by high electric direct voltages.
  • Such optic comprises a plurality of metal electrodes of a diaphragm or anode aperture character which are arranged coaxially with regard to the tube axis and are evenly spaced from each other while therebetween the acceleration voltage is divided at equal stages.
  • the metallic optic electrodes are in most instances so designed, for instance by a conical deformation of the axis-near range in the particle flight direction, that secondary and stray electrons as well as ions will be able to reach the insulating tube wall only to a minor extent.
  • the assembly of such cascade acceleration tubes is so effected that the metallic electrodes are alternately cemented coaxially with the spacer rings of smaller diameter consisting of glass or ceramic in such a way that these spacer rings will then form the insulating wall of the vacuum vessel.
  • the building elements optic electrodes and spacer rings require considerable machining in the region of the cementing grooves; in particular the glass and ceramic spacer rings have to be ground plane parallel at the end faces because these ground surfaces determine not only the tightness of the cementing grooves but also the adjustment of the optics.
  • an object of the present invention to provide an acceleration tube for charged particles by high electric direct voltage with multi-stage immersion optics, which will overcome the drawbacks outlined above under (a) (e).
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section through an acceleration tube according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a transverse section taken along the line II II of FIG. 1.
  • the vacuum vessel according to the present invention instead of consisting of individual insulating spacer rings with interposed and cemented-in optical elements, comprises a non-divided preferably cylindrical glass or ceramic tube 1 which is closed at both ends by detachable flanges 2, 3.
  • Flange 2 has a tubular connection 8 which comprises the source of the particles to be accelerated.
  • the flange 3 is connected to a vacuum pump.
  • the metallic immersion optic elements 4 form together with the insulating spacer and connecting members 5 and the separately disconnectable voltage dividing resistors 6 the immersion optic system which, as will be seen from the drawing, can now be installed and removed as a unit, particularly when it is firmly connected to the upper flange.
  • the adjustment of the optic elements may with this arrangement be effected outside the vacuum vessel.
  • a post-adjustment, an exchange of defective voltage distributing resistors as well as a cleaning of the inner tube wall is possible at all times at low costs.
  • the helical resistor chain 7 wound around the tube has the purpose of assuring a substantially uniform field distribution in the direction of the acceleration field which uniform field distribution is very important for the dielectric strength of the entire arrangement.
  • immer sion optics are not variable, while it sometimes may be necessary to vary the projection ratio of particle source focal spot, there is provided a variable magnetic lens between the particle source and the first immersion optic element, in other words, where the particles are relatively slow and therefore are easily influened.
  • An acceleration tube for accelerating charged particles by high electric direct voltage which includes: a single piece tubular vacuum'vessel of electrically insulating material open at both ends; flange means respectively detachably connected to the end portions of said vessel for selectively closing said open ends; and a plural stage immersion optic system arranged within said vessel and comprising metallically conductive optic elements, insulating spacer and connecting elements, and voltage dividing resistor chain means for distributing the respective potential among the individual optic elements; said voltage dividing resistor chain means being arranged in parallel with regard to the flow of the charged particles to be accelerated, and said immersion optic system being adapted after detachment of one of said flange means selectively to be withdrawn from and installed in said vessel as an entirety forming a single unit.
  • An acceleration tube which includes a resistor chain in the form of a coil arranged in parallel with regard to the flow of particles to be accelerated and surrounding said vacuum vessel, said resistor chain being so arranged that the distribution of the potential on the outside wall surface of said vessel is at least nearly identical to that on the inside wall surface of said vessel.
  • An acceleration tube which includes housing means connected to one of said flange means and adapted to receive and serve as source of the charged particles to be accelerated, and a variable magnet lens interposed between said housing means and the respective nearest one of said optic elements, said magnet lens being substantially coaxial with regard to said immersion optic system.
  • An acceleration tube which includes: housing means connected to one of said flange means and adapted to receive and serve as source of the charged particles to be accelerated, said immersion optic system having one end portion firmly connected to that flange means to which said housing means is connected, and movable guiding means connecting the other end of immersion optic system with the other flange means, said guiding means being movable in the axial direction of said tubular vessel.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Electron Sources, Ion Sources (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
US00259587A 1971-06-04 1972-06-05 Vacuum tube for accelerating charged particles, such as electrons or ions, by high electric direct voltages Expired - Lifetime US3771000A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2127697A DE2127697C3 (de) 1971-06-04 1971-06-04 Beschleunigungsrohr mit einem in einem Vakuumgefäß angeordneten Beschleunigungselektrodensystem und einer dem Teilchenstrom parallel geschalteten Spannungsteilerkette

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3771000A true US3771000A (en) 1973-11-06

Family

ID=5809786

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00259587A Expired - Lifetime US3771000A (en) 1971-06-04 1972-06-05 Vacuum tube for accelerating charged particles, such as electrons or ions, by high electric direct voltages

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3771000A (enExample)
CH (1) CH537689A (enExample)
DE (1) DE2127697C3 (enExample)
FR (1) FR2140196A1 (enExample)
NL (1) NL7207206A (enExample)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4092534A (en) * 1976-11-19 1978-05-30 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Charge exchange system
EP0369751A1 (en) * 1988-11-15 1990-05-23 Pylon Electronic Development Company, Ltd. Ion mobility detector

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108770245A (zh) * 2018-05-20 2018-11-06 苏州沃森优金电子科技有限公司 一种通信电子元器件防潮处理装置

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4092534A (en) * 1976-11-19 1978-05-30 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Charge exchange system
EP0369751A1 (en) * 1988-11-15 1990-05-23 Pylon Electronic Development Company, Ltd. Ion mobility detector

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH537689A (de) 1973-05-31
DE2127697B2 (de) 1975-02-13
DE2127697A1 (de) 1972-12-14
NL7207206A (enExample) 1972-12-06
DE2127697C3 (de) 1975-10-09
FR2140196A1 (enExample) 1973-01-12

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