US3770322A - Apparatus for fracture of material in situ with stored inertial energy - Google Patents

Apparatus for fracture of material in situ with stored inertial energy Download PDF

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Publication number
US3770322A
US3770322A US00133262A US3770322DA US3770322A US 3770322 A US3770322 A US 3770322A US 00133262 A US00133262 A US 00133262A US 3770322D A US3770322D A US 3770322DA US 3770322 A US3770322 A US 3770322A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
implement
energy
crankshaft
flywheel
formation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00133262A
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English (en)
Inventor
Delwin E Cobb
Carl L Kepner
Albert L Woody
Wayne E Roberts
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Caterpillar Inc
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Caterpillar Tractor Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Caterpillar Tractor Co filed Critical Caterpillar Tractor Co
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3770322A publication Critical patent/US3770322A/en
Assigned to CATERPILLAR INC., A CORP. OF DE. reassignment CATERPILLAR INC., A CORP. OF DE. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: CATERPILLAR TRACTOR CO., A CORP. OF CALIF.
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F5/00—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes
    • E02F5/30—Auxiliary apparatus, e.g. for thawing, cracking, blowing-up, or other preparatory treatment of the soil
    • E02F5/32—Rippers
    • E02F5/326—Rippers oscillating or vibrating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S37/00—Excavating
    • Y10S37/904—Vibration means for excavating tool

Definitions

  • This invention relates to earth moving and fracturing implements and pertains more particularly to a high energy mechanical apparatus for the storage and instantaneous delivery of high levels of energy to an implement for the fracturing or separation in situ of hard rock and other earth materials or the like.
  • Air and hydraulic hammers are impractical because of their low efficiency. Such large amounts of energy are required to vibrate a tool for breaking rock that unreasonably large amounts of input power would be required.
  • the present invention is based on the application of the theory that a dynamic system is desirable for cutting and breaki'ngrock and other materials since large forces can be produced with a small average thrust. This is an important feature when the average thrust is limited by tractive effort and weight of a vehicle.
  • the average force will be proportional to the time the force is applied. For example, if 100,000 lb is applied for 1/10 of a second every second, the needed average force will be only 10,000 lb.
  • the basic idea then is to put the desired force on and unload again as quickly as possible so that during most of the cycle the force is zero or small. If this can be done the average force, compared to the peak force, will be small. If it is as sumed that the work done in breakng rock does not depend on the rate of loading, then the total work and average power will not be affected by this pulse type of loading.
  • the breaking force is 6 X 10 pounds. In this case, 30,000 in-lb of energy will be needed to break out a chip. If this is done at a frequency of 20 times a second then 91 horsepower will be required.
  • the work that the ripper performs is of an intermittent nature, taking place only during a small part of the time required for the driving shaft of the ripper to make a complete revolution. Since the material being fractured is extremely hard, the instantaneous demand of the rippers exceeds that of the drive motors. Therefore, a flywheel or flywheels are placed on the drive shaft to store sufficient'energy to meet peak demands. During a greater part of the revolution of the driving shaft, the
  • a flywheel can store much more energy than this'per cubic inch of steel.
  • a thin annular ring rotating about its polar axis as an example.
  • the tangential stress in the rotating ring is given by the equation:
  • w is the mass density of the ring
  • r is the radius
  • n is the angular velocity.
  • the kinetic energy in the ring'due to its velocity will be:
  • V volume of ring.
  • the ratio between flywheel and spring energies is, therefore at least: 20,000/13.35 or 1500 to 1. In other words, 1500 times more energy can be stored in the flywheel than in an equivalent amount of steel spring for a given stress level.
  • the stress in the spring is fully reversed each cycle, while the stress in theflywheel at most goes from zero to the maximum cycle. Reversing thestress in the spring energy cycle can adversely affect the fatigue life of the spring.
  • the flywheel In order to work the above ring at 40,000 psi, the flywheel would have to be quite largeor else rotate at a high speed. If the speed is limited to 1200 rpm with a wheel radius of 15 in. and a resulting stress of only 2600 psi, the energy in a cubic inch of the steel ring will be 1300 in.-lb. for an energy ratio of about I00. This is less than the 1500 ratio, but it is still a substantially significant advantage.
  • the primary object of the present invention is to provide an earth working implement that is rugged and efficient and overcomes the above disadvantages of the prior art.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an'earth working apparatus that is capable of storing large amounts of energy and selectively applying it to an earth working implement.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a dynamic system that is capable of delivering sufficient energy to a tool for earth working to be practical.
  • a still further object of the present invention is to provide a mechanical dynamic system that is capable of efficiently delivering high energy pulses to an earth working tool.
  • inertial energy is stored in a massive flywheel to be cyclically delivered to an earth working implement at peak power demand.
  • Suitable transmission means including a crank and connecting rod is used to transmit the energy to an earth working implement such as a ripper.
  • FIG. 1 is an elevational view partially in section of a rock ripper incorporating a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view partially in section of the embodiment of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 2a is a section taken along lines IIa-IIa of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along lines III-III of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along lines IV-IV of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along lines V-V of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along lines VI--VI of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along lines VII-VII of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along lines VIIIVIII of FIG. 2;

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
US00133262A 1971-04-12 1971-04-12 Apparatus for fracture of material in situ with stored inertial energy Expired - Lifetime US3770322A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13326271A 1971-04-12 1971-04-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3770322A true US3770322A (en) 1973-11-06

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ID=22457758

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00133262A Expired - Lifetime US3770322A (en) 1971-04-12 1971-04-12 Apparatus for fracture of material in situ with stored inertial energy

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3770322A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5759375B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AR (1) AR207541A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA962837A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2216656C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT952574B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE418207B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (44)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3857609A (en) * 1973-09-27 1974-12-31 H Felix Impact ripper shank
US4003603A (en) * 1975-12-01 1977-01-18 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Impact means for ripper
US4042036A (en) * 1973-10-04 1977-08-16 Smith James E Electric impact tool
US4070064A (en) * 1976-06-04 1978-01-24 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Cooling system for rock ripper tip
WO1979000563A1 (en) * 1978-01-30 1979-08-23 Gurries Co Pavement planing method and apparatus
WO1979001066A1 (en) * 1978-05-12 1979-12-13 Gurries Co Ripping tool driving apparatus
US4187744A (en) * 1978-06-19 1980-02-12 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Apparatus for rotating track chain bushing
WO1980001637A1 (en) * 1979-02-12 1980-08-21 Caterpillar Tractor Co Impact ripper
US4227744A (en) * 1979-01-29 1980-10-14 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Impact tip for impact rock breaker
US4229044A (en) * 1979-02-12 1980-10-21 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Clevis-mounted impact ripper
US4229046A (en) * 1978-12-26 1980-10-21 The Gurries Company Tool driving apparatus and method
US4229045A (en) * 1978-12-26 1980-10-21 The Gurries Company Resonant tool driving apparatus with tool stop
US4230369A (en) * 1978-12-26 1980-10-28 The Gurries Company Pavement planing method and apparatus
US4251111A (en) * 1979-03-30 1981-02-17 The Gurries Company Resonant beam for tool driving apparatus
US4252376A (en) * 1979-03-30 1981-02-24 The Gurries Company Ripping tool driving apparatus
US4258956A (en) * 1978-06-15 1981-03-31 The Gurries Company Method and apparatus for driving a single transversely elongated tool with a plurality of force transmitting beams
US4278295A (en) * 1979-12-13 1981-07-14 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Impacting rock breaker
US4278368A (en) * 1979-07-11 1981-07-14 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Apparatus and method for compacting material
US4285284A (en) * 1976-09-17 1981-08-25 Lely Cornelis V D Seeder with pivoting soil breakers
US4318446A (en) * 1978-10-10 1982-03-09 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Linear motion impactor device
WO1982000747A1 (en) * 1979-12-13 1982-03-18 D Cobb Impacting rock breaker
WO1982002468A1 (en) * 1981-01-26 1982-08-05 Fox Lawrence E Material fracturing apparatus
US4359102A (en) * 1980-03-20 1982-11-16 Resonant Technology Company Resonance aided earth-working equipment
USRE31164E (en) * 1976-06-04 1983-03-01 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Cooling system for rock ripper tip
US4379595A (en) * 1981-02-17 1983-04-12 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Ripper with offset impacting means and slotted shank
US4382634A (en) * 1981-01-26 1983-05-10 Towmotor Corporation Material fracturing apparatus
US4444434A (en) * 1981-10-20 1984-04-24 Resonant Technology Company Continuous miner
US4453772A (en) * 1982-09-27 1984-06-12 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Modular impact ripper assembly
US4467539A (en) * 1981-10-20 1984-08-28 Resonant Technology Company Resonance aided front end loader
US4666213A (en) * 1985-09-27 1987-05-19 Howard Artis N Rock breaker tool
US4669784A (en) * 1986-02-24 1987-06-02 Palmer Grasse Oscillated head and connecting element, with bearing support, for floor stripping machine
US4703838A (en) * 1980-05-27 1987-11-03 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Recoil damper for a reciprocating member
US4821808A (en) * 1988-02-04 1989-04-18 Resonant Technology Company Resonantly driven earth moving blade
US4906049A (en) * 1988-11-28 1990-03-06 N. P. K. Construction Equipment, Inc. Ripper using a hydraulic hammer and a method for making the improvement
US5787786A (en) * 1996-05-09 1998-08-04 Sauer-Sundstrand - Control Concepts Dual hydraulic oscillator for the reciprocating cutter of an agricultural machine
US6269561B1 (en) * 1999-11-09 2001-08-07 Rockland Inc. Tiltable implement for excavator machines and the like
US6443526B1 (en) 1999-10-01 2002-09-03 Lee A. Scarlett Lubrication of oscillating head elements for floor stripping machines and method of using the same
US6609576B1 (en) * 2000-11-28 2003-08-26 Melvin Hubbard Method and apparatus for vibratory kinetic energy generation and applications thereof
US6681867B2 (en) * 2001-06-25 2004-01-27 Ronald L. Satzler Oscillating ground engaging tool
US6715563B2 (en) * 2000-11-28 2004-04-06 Melvin L. Hubbard Method and apparatus for vibratory kinetic energy generation and applications thereof
US20130092405A1 (en) * 2011-10-18 2013-04-18 Ronald Hall Vibratory ripper having pressure sensor for selectively controlling activation of vibration mechanism
US9062437B2 (en) 2012-04-20 2015-06-23 Ronald H. Hall Vibratory ripper having depth adjustable ripping member
US20150275474A1 (en) * 2012-10-03 2015-10-01 Javier Aracama Martinez De Lahidalga Hydraulic hammer device for excavators
US20160316611A1 (en) * 2015-04-30 2016-11-03 Kuhn Krause, Inc. Constant pressure hydraulic circuit with relief protection independent of pressure circuit

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4164982A (en) * 1978-02-27 1979-08-21 J. I. Case Company Vibratory cable plow assembly
ATE6279T1 (de) * 1979-08-08 1984-03-15 The Gurries Co. Materialbearbeitungsmaschine, insbesondere ein strassenhobel.
SE436434B (sv) * 1979-11-19 1984-12-10 Lundstroem O W Forfarande och anordning for upptagande av dike
SE426609B (sv) * 1982-01-11 1983-01-31 Rolf Mannbro Aggregat for bergskrotning

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3238646A (en) * 1962-08-20 1966-03-08 Caterpillar Tractor Co Loader bucket with a vibrating blade
US3293778A (en) * 1964-03-05 1966-12-27 William H Mcauliff Maul impacting device for excavating buckets
US3367716A (en) * 1967-03-31 1968-02-06 Albert G. Bodine Sonic rectifier coupling for rock cutting apparatus
US3437381A (en) * 1968-02-05 1969-04-08 Albert G Bodine Vehicle mounted sonic shearing device having propulsion aiding means
US3443327A (en) * 1965-09-08 1969-05-13 William E Martin Vibratory cutting means to supplement earth penetration and movement by earth working equipment
US3633683A (en) * 1968-01-04 1972-01-11 Bodine Albert G Nonlinear resonant vibratory work system
US3645021A (en) * 1967-09-28 1972-02-29 Svenska Hymas Ab Arrangement in loader buckets and the like provided with digging blades

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS4934789A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1972-07-31 1974-03-30

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3238646A (en) * 1962-08-20 1966-03-08 Caterpillar Tractor Co Loader bucket with a vibrating blade
US3293778A (en) * 1964-03-05 1966-12-27 William H Mcauliff Maul impacting device for excavating buckets
US3443327A (en) * 1965-09-08 1969-05-13 William E Martin Vibratory cutting means to supplement earth penetration and movement by earth working equipment
US3367716A (en) * 1967-03-31 1968-02-06 Albert G. Bodine Sonic rectifier coupling for rock cutting apparatus
US3645021A (en) * 1967-09-28 1972-02-29 Svenska Hymas Ab Arrangement in loader buckets and the like provided with digging blades
US3633683A (en) * 1968-01-04 1972-01-11 Bodine Albert G Nonlinear resonant vibratory work system
US3437381A (en) * 1968-02-05 1969-04-08 Albert G Bodine Vehicle mounted sonic shearing device having propulsion aiding means

Cited By (48)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3857609A (en) * 1973-09-27 1974-12-31 H Felix Impact ripper shank
US4042036A (en) * 1973-10-04 1977-08-16 Smith James E Electric impact tool
US4003603A (en) * 1975-12-01 1977-01-18 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Impact means for ripper
USRE31164E (en) * 1976-06-04 1983-03-01 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Cooling system for rock ripper tip
US4070064A (en) * 1976-06-04 1978-01-24 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Cooling system for rock ripper tip
US4285284A (en) * 1976-09-17 1981-08-25 Lely Cornelis V D Seeder with pivoting soil breakers
WO1979000563A1 (en) * 1978-01-30 1979-08-23 Gurries Co Pavement planing method and apparatus
JPS55500089A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1978-01-30 1980-02-14
WO1979001066A1 (en) * 1978-05-12 1979-12-13 Gurries Co Ripping tool driving apparatus
US4258956A (en) * 1978-06-15 1981-03-31 The Gurries Company Method and apparatus for driving a single transversely elongated tool with a plurality of force transmitting beams
US4187744A (en) * 1978-06-19 1980-02-12 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Apparatus for rotating track chain bushing
US4318446A (en) * 1978-10-10 1982-03-09 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Linear motion impactor device
US4229046A (en) * 1978-12-26 1980-10-21 The Gurries Company Tool driving apparatus and method
US4229045A (en) * 1978-12-26 1980-10-21 The Gurries Company Resonant tool driving apparatus with tool stop
US4230369A (en) * 1978-12-26 1980-10-28 The Gurries Company Pavement planing method and apparatus
US4227744A (en) * 1979-01-29 1980-10-14 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Impact tip for impact rock breaker
US4229044A (en) * 1979-02-12 1980-10-21 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Clevis-mounted impact ripper
WO1980001637A1 (en) * 1979-02-12 1980-08-21 Caterpillar Tractor Co Impact ripper
US4252376A (en) * 1979-03-30 1981-02-24 The Gurries Company Ripping tool driving apparatus
US4251111A (en) * 1979-03-30 1981-02-17 The Gurries Company Resonant beam for tool driving apparatus
US4278368A (en) * 1979-07-11 1981-07-14 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Apparatus and method for compacting material
US4278295A (en) * 1979-12-13 1981-07-14 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Impacting rock breaker
WO1982000747A1 (en) * 1979-12-13 1982-03-18 D Cobb Impacting rock breaker
US4359102A (en) * 1980-03-20 1982-11-16 Resonant Technology Company Resonance aided earth-working equipment
US4703838A (en) * 1980-05-27 1987-11-03 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Recoil damper for a reciprocating member
EP0057791A1 (en) * 1981-01-26 1982-08-18 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Fracturing apparatus
WO1982002468A1 (en) * 1981-01-26 1982-08-05 Fox Lawrence E Material fracturing apparatus
US4382634A (en) * 1981-01-26 1983-05-10 Towmotor Corporation Material fracturing apparatus
US4379595A (en) * 1981-02-17 1983-04-12 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Ripper with offset impacting means and slotted shank
US4444434A (en) * 1981-10-20 1984-04-24 Resonant Technology Company Continuous miner
US4467539A (en) * 1981-10-20 1984-08-28 Resonant Technology Company Resonance aided front end loader
US4453772A (en) * 1982-09-27 1984-06-12 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Modular impact ripper assembly
US4666213A (en) * 1985-09-27 1987-05-19 Howard Artis N Rock breaker tool
US4669784A (en) * 1986-02-24 1987-06-02 Palmer Grasse Oscillated head and connecting element, with bearing support, for floor stripping machine
US4821808A (en) * 1988-02-04 1989-04-18 Resonant Technology Company Resonantly driven earth moving blade
US4906049A (en) * 1988-11-28 1990-03-06 N. P. K. Construction Equipment, Inc. Ripper using a hydraulic hammer and a method for making the improvement
US5787786A (en) * 1996-05-09 1998-08-04 Sauer-Sundstrand - Control Concepts Dual hydraulic oscillator for the reciprocating cutter of an agricultural machine
US6443526B1 (en) 1999-10-01 2002-09-03 Lee A. Scarlett Lubrication of oscillating head elements for floor stripping machines and method of using the same
US6269561B1 (en) * 1999-11-09 2001-08-07 Rockland Inc. Tiltable implement for excavator machines and the like
US6609576B1 (en) * 2000-11-28 2003-08-26 Melvin Hubbard Method and apparatus for vibratory kinetic energy generation and applications thereof
US6715563B2 (en) * 2000-11-28 2004-04-06 Melvin L. Hubbard Method and apparatus for vibratory kinetic energy generation and applications thereof
US20040262019A1 (en) * 2000-11-28 2004-12-30 Hubbard Melvin L Method and apparatus for vibratory kinetic energy generation and applications thereof
US6681867B2 (en) * 2001-06-25 2004-01-27 Ronald L. Satzler Oscillating ground engaging tool
US20130092405A1 (en) * 2011-10-18 2013-04-18 Ronald Hall Vibratory ripper having pressure sensor for selectively controlling activation of vibration mechanism
US9062437B2 (en) 2012-04-20 2015-06-23 Ronald H. Hall Vibratory ripper having depth adjustable ripping member
US20150275474A1 (en) * 2012-10-03 2015-10-01 Javier Aracama Martinez De Lahidalga Hydraulic hammer device for excavators
US20160316611A1 (en) * 2015-04-30 2016-11-03 Kuhn Krause, Inc. Constant pressure hydraulic circuit with relief protection independent of pressure circuit
US10349571B2 (en) * 2015-04-30 2019-07-16 Kuhn Krause, Inc. Constant pressure hydraulic circuit with relief protection independent of pressure circuit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AR207541A1 (es) 1976-10-15
IT952574B (it) 1973-07-30
DE2216656A1 (de) 1972-10-19
JPS5759375B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1982-12-14
SE418207B (sv) 1981-05-11
CA962837A (en) 1975-02-18
DE2216656C2 (de) 1983-08-25

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AS Assignment

Owner name: CATERPILLAR INC., A CORP. OF DE.,ILLINOIS

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:CATERPILLAR TRACTOR CO., A CORP. OF CALIF.;REEL/FRAME:004669/0905

Effective date: 19860515

Owner name: CATERPILLAR INC., 100 N.E. ADAMS STREET, PEORIA, I

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:CATERPILLAR TRACTOR CO., A CORP. OF CALIF.;REEL/FRAME:004669/0905

Effective date: 19860515