US3770260A - Machinist vise with independent hydraulic-cylinder structure - Google Patents

Machinist vise with independent hydraulic-cylinder structure Download PDF

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Publication number
US3770260A
US3770260A US00190035A US3770260DA US3770260A US 3770260 A US3770260 A US 3770260A US 00190035 A US00190035 A US 00190035A US 3770260D A US3770260D A US 3770260DA US 3770260 A US3770260 A US 3770260A
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Prior art keywords
chamber
actuator
jaw
cylinder
piston
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00190035A
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English (en)
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G Rohm
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Individual
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Individual
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B1/00—Vices
    • B25B1/06—Arrangements for positively actuating jaws
    • B25B1/10—Arrangements for positively actuating jaws using screws
    • B25B1/106—Arrangements for positively actuating jaws using screws with mechanical or hydraulic power amplifiers

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A machinist vise or other clamping device has a support carrying a stationary jaw, and an axially displaceable clamping body carrying a displaceable jaw mounted on the support.
  • a cylinder having a fluid chamber is structurally independent of the clamping body and mounted therein with an axial projection or boss received in an axial hole or bore in the clamping body.
  • the cylinder has a pair of pistons, one of which is annular and surrounds the other, that are coaxial with the projection and the hole.
  • An actuator is connectable to the larger, annular piston to close the jaws .on a workpiece after which it is automatically connected to the inner, smaller piston to apply clamping pressure at an increased mechanical advantage.
  • the axial bore is accessible on removal of the displaceable vise jaw or a liner therefor and is provided with a filling opening for the fluid chamber of the cylinder, a screw normally closing this filling opening and forming a plug therefor.
  • a pressure indicator visible through a port in the clamping body indicates the clamping pressure.
  • the present invention relates to a clamping device such as a vise. More particularly this invention relates to a machinist vise having two modes of operation fast advance with a low mechanical advantage and slow advance with a high mechanical advantage and a hydraulic link, or force-transmitting member, in the form of a fluid'cylinder with a pair of pistons effecting these modesof operation.
  • a machinist vise must be opened and closed frequently for repositioning or changing of the workpiece. At the same time it must be able to grip the workpiece, usually a metal casting or other similarly rigid body, very tightly for such operations as shaping or drilling.
  • a fluid cylinder having a pair of pistons.
  • One of the pistons is annular and surrounds the other, the central piston having an effective surface area which is much smaller than that of the one surrounding it.
  • a slip clutch is provided to displace both pistons in the cylinder chamber until the displaceable vise jaw meets resistance, whereupon only the central piston is displaced to make theactuator effective with a greatly increased mechanical advantage.
  • Vises provided with integral or one-piece jaws and fluid cylinders have proven extremely difficult to make. Their fabrication involves the complicated machining of the cylinder directly in the massive steel slide of the Another problem with vises so made lies in the difficulty of filling or refilling of the fluid chamber. This operation often requires disassembling of a major portion of the vise.
  • This cylinder has an axial projection or boss which is A further disadvantage of such a vise is that it is virtu- OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION It is, therefore, an object of the invention toprovide an improved clamping device, e.g'. a vise of the abovedescribed type.
  • Another object is the provision of such a vise which is easy and inexpensive to manufacture.
  • a further object is to provide such a vise with a convenient and simple arrangement for filling or refilling the fluid chamber.
  • Yet another object is the provision of a vise wherein the clamping pressure can be quickly and easily ascertained.
  • Both of the pistons are also coaxial with the hole and the projection so that the cylinder bears in direct axial force-transmitting relationship on the clamping body and centering of the cylinder on the axis of the threaded tightening sleeve is automatic on inserting the projection in the hole.
  • the projection is formed with an internally threaded bore while the hole in the slide is throughgoing so that removal of the displaceable vise jaw exposes the end of the projection and of this threaded bore.
  • screw and a washer normally block this bore, but their removal allows simple andrapid filling or refilling of the fluid chamber for original setting up of the vise or replacement of fluid lost during use.
  • the cylinder is provided on one side with a pressure meter connected via a passage to the interior of the pressure chamber.
  • a port is formed on the slide for viewing of this meter so that the worker can ascertain exactly how much pressure is being exerted on the workpiece.
  • FIG. 1 is a vertical axial section through a vise according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an axial section through a portion of the vise of FIG. 1 taken in a plane orthogonal to the section plane of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary side view of the vise portion shown in FIG. 2.
  • the machinist vise has a frame or housing 1 screwed to a fixed mounting plate 1a, here mounted in a horizontal position as on a drill press or the like.
  • a movable clamping assembly or slide 2 is displaceable parallel to the plate In in the directions indicated by in-line arrows A and B to clamp a workpiece W between a fixed jaw 3 held by bolts 33 on the frame or housing 1 and a movable jaw 4 held by bolts 35 on the end of the slide clamping assembly or 2.
  • the position of the clamping assembly or slide 2 is determined by a piston-and-cylinder arrangement having a cylinder chamber 5 formed in a'cylinder member 40 fastened to the clamping assembly or slide 2 by bolts 44.
  • a piston 7 is slidable axiallyin the member 40 and surrounds a piston 6 while having an effective surface area equal to around twelve times that of the piston 6 to pressurize hydraulic fluid F (here oil) in the chamber 5.
  • a gland 8 is provided to prevent leakage around and between the coaxial pistons 6 and 7.
  • the piston 6 is received in the wide-diameter portion of a stepped bore 6a in the piston 7 so that movement of piston 7 in direction A also moves piston 6 in this direction.
  • the cylinder 40 has an end wall 41 formed with an extension 42 coaxial with the axis A of the vise. This projection 42 is received snugly in a correspondingly shaped bore 43 being open behind the jaw 4.
  • the projection 42 is formed with a coaxial threaded bore 45 that is normally plugged by a removable screw 46.
  • the bore 45 is open into the chamber 5, or an extension thereof which can receive the piston 6 when it is displaced as far as possible in the direction of arrow A.
  • a sleeve 10 is threaded through an arm 11 formed on the frame 1 and bears via springs v12, axially abutting caps 13 and 7a, and springs 14 on the piston 7. These springs 12 and 14 are stacks of belleville washers.
  • the slide 2 has an axial extension 15 formed with a bore 16 snugly receiving a cylindrical portion of the sleeve 10 between a shoulder and a snap ring 34, leaving a small amount of play.
  • a rod 9 passes axially through the cap 13 and extends into the interior of the hollow sleeve 10, with its lower end bearing on the piston 6 and its upper end bearing on an end of a rod 17 axially slidable in the sleeve 10.
  • Another pin 18 engages the upper end 17a of the pin 17 and is axially couplable with another sleeve or nut 19 carried on the upper end of the sleeve 10.
  • the sleeve and nut 19 are rotationally couplable through a torque coupling shown at 20.
  • the nut 19 is axially fixed relative to the sleeve 20 by a snap ring 22 on one side and a flange 21 on the other side.
  • the nut 19 threadedly' engages a threaded region 23 of the pin 18 which is prevented from rotating relative to the sleeve 10 by means of a transverse pin 25 passing through the lower end 24 of the pin 18 and engaging in axial grooves 26 formed in the interior of'the sleeve 10. These grooves 26 have an axial length at least equal to the axial travel of the piston 6.
  • the torque coupling 20 is formed by axially interengaging V-shaped teeth 29 formed on one end of the sleeve 19 and on the confronting surface of a ring or bushing 27 urged into contact with this sleeve 19 by a spring 28.
  • the bushing 27 snugly receives the pin 25 and coupling the spindle 18 to the sleeve 10 for joint rotation thereof.
  • the teeth 29 will couple the sleeves l9 and 10 together through the intermediary of the pin 25 passing through the ring 27.
  • a crank 32 is-fitted into a hexagonal socket 31 in the upper end of this sleeve 19.
  • Axially dis placeable relative to the upper part 39 of the sleeve 10 is a ring 37 provided with a pin 38 engageable in axial bores 40a formed in this upper section 39.
  • the cylinder member is formed with a lateral projection 47 which is in line with a round port 50 formed in the wall of the slide 2.
  • a radial passage or conduit 48 leads from the base of a threaded cylindrical socket 52 formed in the projection 47 to the chamber 5.
  • a pressure guage 49 is screwed into thissocket 52 through the port 50.
  • a seal 51 is provided between the inner edge of the port 50 and the gauge 49 to prevent workpiece shavings and the like from entering the works of the slide 2.
  • the vise described above is assembled in the usual manner, except that the entire assembly of piston 7 and 6, cylinder 40, cap 7a, prestressing nut 7b, and springs 14 are fitted into. the slide 2 as a single unit and secured by bolts 44. Thereafter the cap 13 and various rods 9 and 17 are mounted along with the structure in the vise handle, and finally the snap ring 34 is mounted.
  • the gauge 49 is screwed into place after the screws 44 are tightened. Only the jaw 4 is left off to permit access to the filling hole 45. Hydraulic fluid F is injected into the chamber 5 through this hold 45, the screw 46 with its washer-seal is driven home, and jaw 4 is secured with screws 35.
  • a workpiece W is set between the open jaws 3 and 4 of the device and the crank 32 is rotated in the clockwise direction. Rothation of this crank 32 is transmitted by the teeth 29 to the ring 27 and therethrough to the pin 25 which rotates the sleeve 10 relative to its support arm 11, thereby advancing this sleeve 10 in the direction A. Since the sleeve 10 bears through springs 12 and 14 and members 13 and 7a on the piston 7, this piston will build uppressure in the cylinder chamber 5 to displace the jaw 4 in direction A also.
  • crank 32 Since the effective surface area of piston 6 is only a fraction of that of the piston 7 and since the pitch of the threads on section 23 is much smaller than that of the threads between the sleeve 10 and the arm 11, the crank 32 is thereby effective with a greatly increased mechanical advantage to clamp the workpiece W between the jaws 3 and 4.
  • the teeth 29 only slip for a very brief time since after only one or two turns of the crank 32 the pin 18 pulls the ring 27 completely out of engagement with the teeth 29 on the sleeve 19,
  • the ring 37 can be pushed down so that its pin 38 engages in one of the bores 40 to couple the sleeves l9 and rotationally, thereby making forcible withdrawal of the jaw 4 possible.
  • This auxiliary rotational coupling is also useful on excessively resilient objects which must be tightly clamped.
  • the clamping pressure can be read directly off the liquidpressure gauge 49 to permit the operator of the vise to know just how tightly he is clamping the workpiece W.
  • This gauge 49 permits him to apply the greatest possible amount of force to a workpiece without crushing it, since he need merely experiment with one workpiece to find its limits, note the pressure at which;
  • a clamping device comprising:
  • a cylinder structurally independent of said slide and having a fluid chamber and an axial projection coaxial with said chamber and axially received in said hole;
  • the first-mentioned means including a slip clutch between said sleeve and said actuator for rotationally coupling said sleeve and said actuator until said predetermined resistance is encountered
  • the second-mentioned means including a spindle threadedly engaged in said actuator and rotationally coupled to said sleeve, said spindle being operatively engaged between said actuator and said small piston.
  • said spring means includes at least'one spring operatively engaged between said large piston and said cylinder and urging said large piston into said chamber.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Jigs For Machine Tools (AREA)
  • Gripping Jigs, Holding Jigs, And Positioning Jigs (AREA)
  • Clamps And Clips (AREA)
  • Gripping On Spindles (AREA)
US00190035A 1970-10-23 1971-10-18 Machinist vise with independent hydraulic-cylinder structure Expired - Lifetime US3770260A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE7039267 1970-10-23

Publications (1)

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US3770260A true US3770260A (en) 1973-11-06

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US (1) US3770260A (it)
FR (1) FR2112333B3 (it)
GB (1) GB1307207A (it)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4381858A (en) * 1980-10-24 1983-05-03 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. Fluid operated workholder

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2916179C2 (de) * 1979-04-21 1987-05-07 Günter Horst 7927 Sontheim Röhm Spanneinrichtung, insbesondere Maschinenschraubstock
DE3733849C1 (de) * 1987-10-07 1989-05-11 Franz Arnold Maschinenschraubstock mit Kraftverstaerker

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE594C (de) * 1877-08-07 A. Rassmann in Ilmenau Nufsknacker
GB563735A (en) * 1943-04-23 1944-08-28 William Charles Pallant Improvements in vices
US2509991A (en) * 1946-07-13 1950-05-30 Kurtiss P Schenke Fluid-pressure-operated vise using hydraulic lock and screw-actuated ram for clamping and having a fluid by-pass for quick separation of jaws
DE894948C (de) * 1951-09-18 1953-10-29 Licentia Gmbh Spannvorrichtung, insbesondere zum Einspannen der zu schweissenden Werkstuecke bei Stumpfschweissmaschinen
US2803157A (en) * 1952-07-30 1957-08-20 Seitter Karl Holding device having screw and hydraulic pressure-applying means sequentially exerted
US3348836A (en) * 1964-12-21 1967-10-24 Wilton Corp Clamping means having hydraulic power assisting devices
US3484094A (en) * 1967-02-09 1969-12-16 Franz Arnold Clamping device having an operating screw portion

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE594C (de) * 1877-08-07 A. Rassmann in Ilmenau Nufsknacker
GB563735A (en) * 1943-04-23 1944-08-28 William Charles Pallant Improvements in vices
US2509991A (en) * 1946-07-13 1950-05-30 Kurtiss P Schenke Fluid-pressure-operated vise using hydraulic lock and screw-actuated ram for clamping and having a fluid by-pass for quick separation of jaws
DE894948C (de) * 1951-09-18 1953-10-29 Licentia Gmbh Spannvorrichtung, insbesondere zum Einspannen der zu schweissenden Werkstuecke bei Stumpfschweissmaschinen
US2803157A (en) * 1952-07-30 1957-08-20 Seitter Karl Holding device having screw and hydraulic pressure-applying means sequentially exerted
US3348836A (en) * 1964-12-21 1967-10-24 Wilton Corp Clamping means having hydraulic power assisting devices
US3484094A (en) * 1967-02-09 1969-12-16 Franz Arnold Clamping device having an operating screw portion

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4381858A (en) * 1980-10-24 1983-05-03 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. Fluid operated workholder

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2112333A7 (it) 1972-06-16
FR2112333B3 (it) 1973-05-25
GB1307207A (en) 1973-02-14

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