Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06M15/507—Polyesters
  • D06M15/51—Unsaturated polymerisable polyesters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
  • C08G63/12—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
  • C08G63/16—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
  • C08G63/18—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds the acids or hydroxy compounds containing carbocyclic rings
  • C08G63/199—Acids or hydroxy compounds containing cycloaliphatic rings
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  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G63/66—Polyesters containing oxygen in the form of ether groups
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  • C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G63/66—Polyesters containing oxygen in the form of ether groups
  • C08G63/668—Polyesters containing oxygen in the form of ether groups derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
  • C08G63/672—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M3/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on lubricating components other than mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils and their use as lubricants; Use as lubricants of single liquid substances
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M7/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made of other substances with subsequent freeing of the treated goods from the treating medium, e.g. swelling, e.g. polyolefins
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2201/02—Water
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
  • C10M2209/104—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only
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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
  • C10M2209/105—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing three carbon atoms only
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
  • C10M2209/106—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing four carbon atoms only
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
  • C10M2209/107—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of two or more specified different alkylene oxides covered by groups C10M2209/104 - C10M2209/106
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
  • C10M2209/109—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups esterified
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
  • C10M2215/24—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions having hydrocarbon substituents containing thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. nitrogen derivatives of substituted succinic acid
  • C10M2215/26—Amines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
  • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/22—Metal working with essential removal of material, e.g. cutting, grinding or drilling
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/24—Metal working without essential removal of material, e.g. forming, gorging, drawing, pressing, stamping, rolling or extruding; Punching metal
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/241—Manufacturing joint-less pipes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/242—Hot working
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/243—Cold working
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
  • C10N2040/245—Soft metals, e.g. aluminum
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
  • C10N2040/246—Iron or steel
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
  • C10N2040/247—Stainless steel
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/46—Textile oils
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
  • D06M2200/40—Reduced friction resistance, lubricant properties; Sizing compositions

Definitions

• oils both natural and synthetic, as lubricants for the working of metals
• Straight or uncompounded mineral, vegetable and animal oils have been employed for metal-working but they are not completely satisfactory berause they lack the cooling properties necessary for many operations such as the hot rolling of metals.
• the recent trend has been toward the use of aqueous lubricant systems to overcome the cooling problem as well as other problems associated with the use of straight oils.
• aqueous emulsions containing from about 0.1 to 25% of an emulsifiable oil are employed.
• Synthetic lubricants derived from dimer acids such as obtained by the dimerization of oleic acid, linoleic acid or the like have been described in U.S. Pats. Nos. 2,767,- 144 and 3,233,635. While extremely effective lubricants can be obtained through the use of dimer acids, the compatibility of the dimer-based lubricant with Water is generally very poor.
• a dimer-based synthetic polyester lubricant having increased hydrophilic character and useful in aqueous systems is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,492,- 232.
• the polyester is derived from the reaction of 0.8 to 2.0 mols, and more preferably 1.0 to 1.5 mols, polyoxyalkylene glycol having a degree of polymerization of 4 to 200 and 1 mol of a dimer of C to C fatty acid. While the polyester compositions of the 3,492,232 patent present a significant advance in the technology of dimerbased lubricants they are not without certain disadvantages. The resulting aqueous emulsions are relatively unstable and undergo partial phase separation Within a very short period. Furthermore, many of the polyesters cannot be satisfactorily emulsified without the use of additional emulsifying agents of the cationic and nonionic types.
• dimer acidderived synthetic lubricants which are readily emulsifiable with water and are useful lubricants for working of both ferrous and nonferrous metals. It would be especially advantageous if stable emulsions could be formed without the use of external emulsifying aids and simply by moderately agitating the synthetic lubricant with cold tap water. Additional benefit would be derived if synthetic lubricants employing low molecular weight polyoxyalkylene glycols with dimer acid could be prepared so that a high weight percent dimer acid could be obtained; if these lubricants were readily emulsifiable without the use of external emulsifying agents; and if the resulting emulsions were stable.
• ester lubricant compositions derived from dimer acid and polyoxyalkylene glycols are obtained by incorporating therein an amount of short-chain dibasic acid.
• the ester mixtures of this invention are more readily emulsifiable with water than polyesters derived from dimer acid and po-lyoxyalkylene glycol but not modified with the short-chain dibasic acid. Stable emulsions are obtained with the lubricant compositions of this invention without the use of external emulsifying aids.
• the ester lubricants of the present invention are obtained by the condensation reaction of polyoxyalkylene glycols having molecular weights ranging from 300 to 4000 and more preferably in the range 400 to 1000, a dimer acid containing from about 32 to 54 carbon atoms and a short-chain dibasic acid containing from 2 to 12 carbon atoms and more preferably from about 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
• the molar ratio of dibasic acids (dimer acid plus short-chain dibasic acid) to polyoxyal-kylene glycol will be 1:1.5-2.1.
• the dimer acid will constitute from about 95 to 5 mol percent of the total dibasic acid while the short-chain dibasic acid will range from about 5 to 95 mol percent.
• ester lubricants of this invention are condensation products of polyoxyalkylene glycols with a mixture of dibasic acids and short-chain dibasic acids. These ester compositions are useful as lubricants and are readily emulsifiable with water without the addition of external emulsifying agents.
• a polyoxyalkylene glycol having a molecular weight from about 300 to about 4000, and more preferably from 400 to 1000 is employed.
• the recurring alkylene groups may contain 2 to 4 carbon atoms and useful polyoxyalkylene glycols having varying degrees of polymerization include: polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, polybutylene glycols, poly(ethylenepropylene) glycols and the like.
• Polyethylene glycols having molecular weights from 400 to about 1000 are especially useful and are available from commercial suppliers under the trade designations Carbowax and Polyox or they may be synthesized in the conventional manner.
• the molecular weights recited above indicate the average molecular weight of the polyoxyalkylene glycol and it is understood that these compositions are mixtures of polyoxyalkylene glycols having widely divergent molecular weights. Polyoxyalkylene glycols having molecular weights less than about 300 or greater than about 4000 should not, however, be present in significant amounts.
• Condensed with the polyoxyalkylene glycol is a mixture of dibasic acids consisting of dimer acid and shortchain dibasic acid.
• the molar ratio of the dibasic acids, including both the dimer acid and the short-chain dibasic acid, to the polyoxyalkylene glycol will range from about 1:1.52.1 with exceptional results being obtained when the molar ratio is 1:1.75-2.0.
• the proportion of dimer and short-chain dibasic acids may be widely varied.
• Useful dimer acids for the compositions of this invention will contain from about 32 to 54 carbon atoms.
• the dibasic acids may be obtained by processes known to the art, however, they are most frequently obtained by the polymerization of monocarboxylic acids containing ethylenic unsaturation.
• the monocarboxylic unsaturated acids generally contain from about 16 to 26 carbon atoms and include, for example, oleic acid, linoleic acid, eleostearic acid and similar singly or doubly unsaturated acids.
• 2 mols of the unsaturated monocarboxylic acid are reacted, i.e., dimerized.
• dimer acid contains ethylenic unsaturation it may be beneficial to hydrogenate it to obtain the saturated material prior to reaction with the polyoxyalkylene glycol.
• Mixtures of dimer acids may be employed. Trimer and tetramer acids may also be present with the dimer acid and do not adversely affect the lubricant properties of the resulting ester compositions so long as about 50% by weight of the mixture are polymerized acids.
• Commercially available compositions sold under the trademark Empol mixtures of polymerized fatty acids with dimer acid as the major constituent, may be advantageously employed. Especially useful are mixed acid products which will contain 75 weight percent or more dimer acid with the remainder being unpolymerized fatty acids or more highly polymerized acids such as trimer acids.
• the short-chain dibasic acid will contain from 2 to about 12 carbon atoms.
• Short-chain dibasic acids containing 610 carbon atoms are especially preferred for the present invention.
• Typical short-chain dibasic acids include oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedioic acid and the like. Mixtures of one or more short-chain dibasic acids may be used.
• the dibasic acid mixture consists of about 95 to mol percent dimer acids with about 5 to 95 mol percent of one or more short-chain dibasic acids.
• Preferred ester lubricant compositions contain from about 80 to mol percent short-chain dibasic acid and from 90 to 20 mol percent of the dimer.
• the condensation of the polyoxyalkylene glycol with the dimer and short-chain dibasic acids is conducted employing conventional esterification techniques, that is, by heating the reaction mixture with or without a catalyst at a temperature from about 100 to 300 C. while removing the water of reaction.
• the reactions are most gene a y o uc d ever the e p rat re r ge 1 .5 o 250 C.
• a catalyst be employed for the esterification reaction, however, conventional acid catalysts such as sulfuric acid, alkyl and aryl sulfonic acids such as p-toluene sulfonic acid, phosphorous acids or the like may be employed.
• the reaction may be carried out in a diluent which is inert to the reaction conditions employed and which, preferably, will form an azeotrope with water to facilitate the removal of the water of reaction.
• the amount of reactants employed is in accordance with the molar ratios set forth above.
• suitable ester lubricants it is undesirable for the esterification reaction to be less than about 70% complete, that is, 70% or more of the carboxyl groups should be reacted.
• the reaction is more generally continued to approximately completion. This may be determined by measurement of the acid value or hydroxyl value or by measuring the amount of water evolved.
• the reaction mixture has an acid value of about 15 or below.
• the dimer and short-chain dibasic acid may be reacted in the presence of ethylene oxide.
• the polyoxyethylene glycol would be prepared in situ.
• Suitable catalysts and diluents could be added. It is generally found, however, that more uniform control of molecular weight of the products is obtained when the polyoxyethylene glycol is separately prepared.
• Aromatic dibasic acids, diols and polyols, diamines and polyamines may be employed in amounts which do not detract from the emulsification and lubrication properties to modify the resulting lubricant composition.
• diamines such as dimethylaminopropylamine
• the amount of these materials will not exceed about 10% and more preferably 5% by weight of the overall ester composition.
• the ester compositions of the present invention provide a convenient means to obtain a good balance of lubrication and emulsification properties which was not previously possible when polyoxyalkylene glycols were simply reacted with dimer acids without the addition of short-chain dibasic acids.
• To achieve good lubrication properties with the prior art polyesters would require that the emulsification properties be comprised. Even if additional external emulsifying aids were added, the resulting emulsions were not always completely satisfactory and in most instances they would begin to separate after a very short time.
• Acceptable emulsions can be produced employing the teachings of the prior art if the amount of dimer acid is diminished, however, this results in a marked decrease in the lubrication properties and the emulsions are no longer acceptable for metal working.
• a polyester prepared by the condensation of dimer acid with a polyethylene glycol of molecular weight 2000 or greater in accordance with prior art procedure would form an acceptable emulsion, but the lubrication properties would be inferior and not completely acceptable for most applications. If.
• a polyester was formed from a dimer acid and a polyethylene glycol of low molecular weight, say about 400, the lubrication properties of the polyester would be greatly enhanced but the material would not emulsify readily and/or the emulsion would not be stable.
• mixed ester lubricants which are, at the same time, readily emulsifiable and excellent lubricants. This is accomplished by replacing a portion of the dimer acid with a short-chain dibasic acid. In this way lower molecular weight polyoxyalkylene glycols can be employed without reducing the hydrophilic character of the resulting ester and the emulsifiability is comparable or superior to compositions containing much larger proportions of the hydrophilic moiety. Also by the use of low molecular weight polyoxyalkylene glycols, the weight percent of dimer acid present in the resulting ester mixture may be proportionately increased with the result that the lubricity of the eser compositions is markedly enhanced.
• the present ester lubricant compositions provide the proper balance of dimer (which contributes to the lubricity) and polyoxyalkylene glycol (which contributes to the emulsifiability) so that exceptionally useful products are obtained.
• dimer which contributes to the lubricity
• polyoxyalkylene glycol which contributes to the emulsifiability
• the lubricants of the present invention are useful in metalworking operating as 'aqueous emulsions or as the clear aqueous solutions.
• concentration of the ester will generally range from about 0.1 to about 25% by weight of the lubricant composition although these esters mix with water in all proportions.
• the lubrican formulations are added to the metalworking elements such as the working rolls or the metal itself by spraying or with other similar equipment. They form a uniform, continuous lubricant film between the working roll and the metal.
• These lubricants are useful for Working both ferrous and nonferrous metals. They may be formulated with other additives such as stabilizers, corrosion inhibitors or the like.
• Example I To a glass reactor equipped with a stirrer, thermometer and water trap were charged 1030 grams (0.9 equivalent ratio) of dimer acid (Empol 1018 containing 83% C dibasic acid). 37.6 grams (0.1 equivalent ratio) azelaic acid and 1600 grams (2.0 equivalents ratio) polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 400. The reaction mixture was heated with stirring to about 200 C. and held for approximately 4 hours during which time 51 mls. of water were removed. A vacuum of about 1 torr was pulled on the system to remove additional water of reaction. After one hour the reaction mixture was sampled and had an acid value of about 15.5. Heating was continued under vacuum for four more hours before the reaction mixture was cooled and poured up.
• dimer acid Empol 1018 containing 83% C dibasic acid
• azelaic acid 1600 grams (2.0 equivalents ratio) polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 400.
• the reaction mixture was heated with stirring to about 200 C. and held for approximately 4 hours during which time 51 m
• the resulting 6 lubricant ester composition had a final acid value of 6.7, hydroxyl value of 93.1, viscosities (ASTM D 445-65) at F. and 210 F. of 548 es. and 70.4 cs., respectively, and flash and fire points (ASTM D 92-66) of 555 F. and 605 F., respectively.
• the load is further increased to 1000 lbs. and maintained for 30 minutes when testing straight oils or one hour when evaluating lubricant emulsions or solutions. Readings are taken at the beginning of the hour, after thirty minutes, and at the end of the hour and the difference in the readings indicates the amount of wear.
• Example II Employing identical reactants and a similar procedure to that described in Example I, 715 grams (0.5 equivalent ratio) dimer acid, 235 grams (0.5 equivalent ratio) azelaic acid and 2000 grams (2.0 equivalents ratio) polyethylene glycol were heated at 200 C. for 6 hours during which time 55 mls. of water were removed. An additional 10 mls. of water was taken olf after pulling a vacuum on the system for one hour. The ester reaction mixture at this stage had an acid value of 19.8 and readily formed an emulsion with water. Additional heating of the reaction mixture for 2 hours under vacuum reduced the acid value to 12.1. The ester (containing about 8 weight percent azelaic acid) had a hydroxyl value of viscosity at 100 F. of 316 cs., viscosity at 200 F. of 36.6 cs., and
• Example IV When Example I was repeated using 0.7 equivalent dimer acid, 0.3 equivalent azelaic acid and 2.0 equivalents polyethylene glycol, a useful ester lubricant composition having an acid value of 9.1 was obtained.
• the ester had a viscosity of 425 cs. at 100 F. and was readily emulsifiable in cold tap water with minimal stirring and without addition of external emulsifying aids.
• the emulsion so-produced had excellent shelf life and was an eflicient lubricant.
• a 5% aqueous emulsion of this ester gave less than 150 units wear in the Falex machine after 30 minutes at 1000 p.s.i.
• Ester lubricant compositions were also prepared which incorporated up to 0.2 equivalent of an amine corrosion inhibitor such as diethanolamine or dimethylaminepropylamine.
• an amine corrosion inhibitor such as diethanolamine or dimethylaminepropylamine.
• the presence of these amines significantly improved the corrosion properties of the lubricant composition without adversely alfccting the emulsion and lubrication characteristics.
• the amines enhance the emulsion properties of the ester composition even at reduced polyethylene glycol levels.
• Example V Example I was repeated using 0.8 equivalent dimer acid, 0.2 equivalent azelaic acid and 2 equivalents polyethylene glycol.
• the lubricant ester (acid value 15.5) was easily emulsified. Stable emulsions were obtained which were useful cutting oils when used with a tungsten carbide bit.
• Improved ester lubricant compositions comprising the condensation product of about 1.5 to 2.1 mols polyoxyalkylene glycols having molecular weights from about 300 to about 4000 wherein the recurring alkylene groups contain from 2 to 4 carbon atoms and 1 mol of a mixture of dibasic acids consisting of 5 to 95 mol percent dimer hydrocarbon acids containing 32 to 54 carbon atoms and 95 to 5 mol percent short-chain dibasic hydrocarbon acids containing 2 to 12 carbon atoms, said compositions having or more of the carboxyl groups reacted.
• the lubricant composition of claim 5 wherein the polyoxyalkylene glycol is a polyethylene glycol of molecular weight 400 to 1000 and the short-chain dibasic acid contains 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
• the lubricant composition of claim 5 wherein the short-chain dibasic acid comprises from about 7.5 to 20 weight percent of the total composition.
• the lubricant composition of claim 7 wherein the polyoxyalkylene glycol is polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight 400, the short-chain dibasic acid is azelaic acid and the dimer acid contains at least 75% by weight C dibasic acid.
• An aqueous lubricant composition suitable for metal working containing about 0.1 to 25% by weight mixed esters obtained by the reaction of 1.5 to 2.1 mols polyoxyalkylene glycols having molecular weights from about 300 to 4000 wherein the recurring alkylene groups contain from 2 to 4 carbon atoms with 1 mol of a mixture of dibasic acids consisting of 5 to 95 mol percent dimer hydrocarbon acids containing 32 to 54 carbon atoms and 95 to 5 mol percent short-chain dibasic hydrocarbon acids containing 2 to 12 carbon atoms, said reaction being conducted until at least 70% of the carboxyl groups have been reacted.
• aqueous lubricant composition of claim 9 wherein 1.75 to 2.0 mols polyethylene glycol of molec ular weight 400 to 1000 are employed and the dibasic acid mixture contains 20 to mol percent short-chain dibasic acids containing 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
• aqueous lubricant composition of claim 11 wherein the short-chain dibasic acid is azelaic acid and the dimer acid contains at least 75 by weight C dibasic acid.

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