US3769163A - Blood oxygenator flow guide - Google Patents

Blood oxygenator flow guide Download PDF

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Publication number
US3769163A
US3769163A US00196458A US3769163DA US3769163A US 3769163 A US3769163 A US 3769163A US 00196458 A US00196458 A US 00196458A US 3769163D A US3769163D A US 3769163DA US 3769163 A US3769163 A US 3769163A
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blood
gas
tubular
terminus
case
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US00196458A
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R Brumfield
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
    • A61M1/32—Oxygenators without membranes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
    • A61M1/32—Oxygenators without membranes
    • A61M1/322—Antifoam; Defoaming
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
    • A61M1/3621—Extra-corporeal blood circuits
    • A61M1/3623—Means for actively controlling temperature of blood
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S128/00—Surgery
    • Y10S128/03—Heart-lung
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S261/00—Gas and liquid contact apparatus
    • Y10S261/28—Blood oxygenators

Definitions

  • Blood oxygenators useful for treating patients blood are classified in Class 23 Subclass 258.5.
  • the improvement taught in this invention is also so classified.
  • Venous patient blood flows into a blood inlet container which is disposed above an oxygenating gas inlet container.
  • the oxygenating gas enters the gas inlet container through a gas inlet conduit.
  • the gas is distributed into the blood inlet container through multiple apertures in a gas distributing manifold plate, which is contiguously disposed between the gas inlet container and the blood inlet container.
  • the pair of containers are coaxially secured to the base terminus of an oxygencxchange tubular array.
  • the tubular array has a multiple small diameter aperture, equal length tubular configuration disposed in said array, the tubular apertures being disposed normal to the manifold plate.
  • the tubular array includes a boundary case.
  • the blood inlet container is secured to and adjacent the base terminus of the tubular array.
  • the oxygen exchange tubular array can have an integral tubular configuration, or it can be a packed tubular configuration.
  • the integral tubular configuration has a multiplicity of small diameter oxygen exchange tubular apertures coaxially adjacently disposed in a solid equal length upstanding tubular matrix having a boundary case, a base terminus and a top terminus.
  • the packed tubular configuration comprises a multiplicity of small diameter, thin wall plastic tubes 7 coadjacently disposed, contiguously packed in a parallel, equal length tubular pattern and having'a boundary case.
  • a boundary case can have a case length substantially longer than the tubular array.
  • the base terminus of the tubular array can be secured a required case length first value from the boundary case base terminus.
  • the gas manifold plate has multiple apertures, typically ranging from 120 to 500 microns in diameter, through which the oxygenating gas bubbles into the venous blood.
  • the two-phase mixture of blood and oxygenating gas formed in the blood inlet container flows upward through the oxygen exchange tubular array, the aperture walls stabilizing the two-phase flow.
  • the large surface/volume ratio of gas phase to blood phase in the tubular array facilitates the rapid fixation of oxygen by the blood and the concurrent release of carbon dioxide gas into the gas phase exiting from the top terminus of the tubular array.
  • the combination of the inlet oxygen container, the gas manifold plate, the inlet blood container, and the oxygen exchange tubular array provide a blood oxygenator flow guide extremely useful in blood oxygenator apparatus.
  • the wall stabilized flow of blood during the oxygenating process speeds the blood oxygenation with a minimum of damage to the formed blood elements, platelets, erythrocytes, and the like.
  • FIG. 1 is an elevational perspective partial sectional view of theblood oxygenator flow guide.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view through 2-2 of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is an elevational, perspective partial sectional view of another modification of the blood oxygenator flow guide apparatus.
  • FIG. 4A is another cross sectional view illustrating the cross sectional geometry of a hexagonal aperture tubular configuration.
  • FIG. 4B is still another cross sectional view similar to the cross sectional view of FIG. 2, illustrating multiple thin wall tubes packed in a pattern in a boundary case.
  • FIG. 5A schematically illustrates a static slug mixture of blood and oxygenating gas vertically disposed in a two-phase mixture of gas and blood in a single aperture of an oxygen exchange tubular array.
  • FIG. 5B schematically illustrates the flowing mixture of two-phase slug flow of blood and oxygenating gas in a single aperture of an oxygen exchange tubular array.
  • the single tubular aperture 14 is individually formed by the single tube walls 28.
  • the tube walls 28 are in turn enclosed in a plastic matrix 15 forming a securing matrix for the tube walls 28.
  • the aperture tubular configuration 11 consists of the subcombination of the multiple tube walls 28 adjacently disposed in a plastic matrix 15, providing multiple, small diameterapertures 14.
  • the boundary case 16 has a diameter 18, and a case length first value 19 is disposed between "defoaming the oxygenated blood.
  • the gas distributing manifold plate 21 has multiple apertures 22 disposed therein which are porous to the oxygenating gas.
  • the gas distributing manifold plate 21 is shown normally disposed to the line of center of the boundary case 16.
  • the blood inlet container 23 is formed between the base terminus of the tubular matrix configuration 1 1 and the manifold plate 21, having a pair of blood inlet conduits 26 7 integrally secured to the tube case 16.
  • the oxygenating gas inlet container 24 is disposed between the gas manifold plate 21 and the case closure 25.
  • the boundary case closure 25 is integrally secured to the case base terminus 20 by cement, or the like.
  • a gas inlet conduit 27 conducts oxygenating gas into the gas inlet container 24.
  • the defoaming chamber 29 is shown disposed I above the top terminus 13 of the tubular matrix configuration 11, the chamber 29 being suitably disposed for FIGS. 3 and 4A together illustrate a still further modification of the improved blood oxygenator flow guide 31.
  • the oxygen exchange tube array 32 comprises a multiple, small diameter aperture tubular matrix configuration 33 formed in a one piece plastic extrusion.
  • the configuration 33 has multiple, controlled diameter hexagonal cross section tubular apertures 34 disposed parallel to the line of center 35 of the array 32.
  • a tube case 36 has a tube case length 37.
  • the oxygen ex-' change tube array 32 is tightly secured to the case 36, the array base terminus-38 limiting a tube case length first value 39 between the base terminus 38 and the case base terminus 40.
  • a manifold plate 41 is disposed in the case 36 normal to the cylindrical axis 35.
  • the manifold plate 41 has multiple microscopic random appertures 48 disposed therein, providing for the flow of oxygenating gas through the plate.
  • the blood inlet container 42 and the gas inlet container 43 are formed in the tube case length first value 39 by the manifold plate 41 foring a partition therebetween.
  • a case closure 44 integrally secures the case base terminus 40.
  • a gas inlet conduit 45 is conductively secured to the gas inlet container 43, and a blood inlet conduit 46 is conductively secured to the blood inlet container 42.
  • the oxygen exchange tubular array 32 of FIG. 3 is equivalently shown in enlarged sectional detail as the oxygen exchange tubular array 50 in FIG. 4A.
  • the apertures 51 are shown to be hexagonal in cross section with the walls 52 disposed between the apertures 51.
  • An integral exterior matrix boundary case 53 provides a structural boundary case equivalent for its required length to the boundary case 16. Thus it becomes unnecessary to use a long boundary case 16 having a length 17, and one can use a short case 36, essentially the length required to form a blood inlet container 42 and the gas inlet container 43.
  • a securing length value 47 of the case 36 secures the case 36 to the array base terminus 38.
  • FIG. 43 A still further modification of this invention is illustrated in FIG. 43 wherein the cross sectional view is equivalent to the cross sectional views of FIG. 2 and FIG. 4A.
  • the oxygen exchange tubular array 60 has the multiple tubular configuration 61.
  • the individual tubular apertures 62 are formed by individual tube walls 63 disposed in a line of contact 65 between the individual tubes.
  • the open interstices 64 formed between the contacting individual tube walls 63 are equivalent apertures to the circular apertures 62.
  • two-phase flow of blood and oxygenating gas flow upward through the circular apertures 62 and also the interstices apertures 64.
  • the multiple aperture tubular configuration 61 can be formed by cementing the lines of contact 65 with a suitable adhesive, and the lines of contact 65 can also be heat sealed together, to form a coherent tubular configuration 61 suitable for insertion in the boundary case 66.
  • the array 60 consisting of the combination of the tubular configuration 61 and the case 66 is thus equivalent in structure to the combination of the tubular matrix configuration 11 and the tube case 16 of FIGS. 1 and 2, as well as the tubular array 32 of FIG. 3 and the tubular array 50 of FIG. 4A. All of the above listed structures are equivalent in providing tube walls whichstabilize a two-phase flow of blood and oxygenating gas flowing through the multiple apertures of the tubular array.
  • oxygenating gas forms a two-phase mixture of blood and gas within a single oxygen exchange tube.
  • the oxygen gas reduces the average density of the mixture of blood and gas, and the lowered density mixture is pumped upward through the tubular aperture. Bubble flow occurs at the lowest gas superficial velocity and slug flow occurs at the next higher range of gas velocity.
  • FIG. 5A illustrates in vertical cross sectional view a static mixture of blood and oxygenating gas disposed in an oxygen exchange tube aperture.
  • the blood 71 is alternatively interposed with the oxygenating gas bubble 72 in the exchange tube aperture having walls 70.
  • FIG. 5B the upward flowing direction 78 of the mixture of blood slugs 77 and oxygenating gas slugs 76 are shown disposed in the same tube walls of the aperture.
  • the slippage between oxygenating gas and blood liquid is illustrated by the arrow 79, indicating local relative downward flow of the laminar blood film adjacent to the wall 70, as the low density gas slug moves upward in the aperture more rapidly than the blood slug 77.
  • the relatively rapid upward flow of the gas slug 76 as compared to the flow of the blood slug 77 provide a continuously renewed laminar blood film 80 which undergoes rapid absorption of oxygen gas and concurrent evolution of carbon dioxide gas from the blood as it ascends the wall 70. It is the relatively nonturbulent two-phase flow of blood and oxygenating gas upward through the multiple exchange tube array that provides the minimum blood trauma and destruction of formed elements in the blood.
  • the manifold plates 21 and 41 can range in multiple aperture configuration from the parallel aligned multiple apertures 22 of plate 21 to the microscopic random multiple apertures 48 of the plate 41.
  • the multiple apertures 22 can range in cylindrical diameter from typically 500 microns down to the microscopic random multiple apertures 48 having air permeability values equivalent to an average of 100 microns aperture.
  • the thickness of the manifold plate are typically those values required to be self-supporting or the like.
  • the mechanical structure of the flow guide components can berigid polyvinyl chloride, high density polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, and other rigid plastic compositions which meet the required chemical and physical compatibility requirements.
  • the apparatus of this invention is precisely assembled and the joints carefully bonded to minimize blood leakage problems both within the components of the apparatus as well as external leakage from the apparatus as a whole.
  • the bonding can be accomplished by well known cementing procedures, ultrasonic sealing, dielectric sealing or conductive heat sealing as are applicable and necessary.
  • the plastic components selected for sealing together must be chemically and physically compatible. It is desirable that the selected components be chemically and physically stable under standard medical steam sterilization conditions, or other medically accepted sterilization procedures. I
  • the blood oxygenation flow guides 39 and 31, or the like can be suitably incorporated in a complete blood oxygenator having a blood defoaming component and a blood thermoregulating component secured thereto.
  • the improvements of this invention can be applied to the blood oxygenator of Rozhold et al and to the blood oxygenator of Tompkins.
  • Other blood oxygenator apparatus can also incorporate the blood oxygenator flow guide of this invention.
  • the blood oxygenator flow guide of this invention together with the collateral blood defoaming component'and blood temperature thermoregulator component are disposed in an apparatus below the patient.
  • a heat transfer fluid as is necessary for the thermoregulator, is programmed for the scheduled temperature.
  • the blood oxygenator flow guide of this invention primed with transfusion blood, plasma, saline solution, or the like, as is required.
  • the priming fluid is circulated into the apparatus through the blood inlet conduit 26 and the oxygenating gas flow rate is initiated through the gas inlet conduit 27.
  • the relative flow rates of oxygenating gas to blood flow is stabilized as required.
  • the blood flow rate through the blood oxygenating flow guide can vary from 500 ml/min to 7500 ml/min. This wide variation in flow rate in the blood oxygenator flow guide can be produced by varying the number of apertures in the tubular array. Typically an array for the low flow rate can contain 95 tubular apertures, each 0.20-
  • the blood oxygenator flow guide can typically have tubular apertures ranging from 0.10 to 0.20 inch diameter disposed in a tubular array.
  • the gas flow rate can vary from 1 to 4 times the blood flow rate.
  • the oxygenating gas typically contains 98 percent oxygen and 2 percent carbon dioxide. Other medically acceptable gases can be introduced.
  • the two-phase flow of blood and oxygenating gas flow upward through the flow guide through the apertures as earlier described, the blood absorbing oxygen and concurrently evolving carbon dioxide, which mixes into the gas bubble.
  • the blood foam is then separated in a defoaming chamber into fluid blood free from entrained gas bubbles.
  • the blood can be regulated at temperature as required, prior to return .to the patients body.
  • said multiple apertures of said gas distribution manifold plate having an average pore diameter permeability value of from to300 microns flowing the volume of two-phase dispersion disposed in eachone of said gas-blood exchange tubes to the tube array top second terminus, said second terminus disposed adjacent to a blood defoaming chamher;
  • a disposable blood oxygenator flow guide for extra-co'rporeally oxygenating patient blood and removing carbon dioxide therefrom comprising:
  • cently disposed parallel in equal tubular length in an integral matrix said apertures ranging from l/16 to 5/16 inches in a single internal aperture diameter and being from 4 to 24 inches long, forming a tubular array having a base terminus and a top terminus, said array having an open blood inlet end and an open blood outlet end, and being of substantially uniform cross section between said ends,
  • a single gas inlet container communicating with an oxygenating gas supply, receiving gas therefrom,
  • a single porous manifold plate having gas injection apertures of an average pore diameter permeability value ranging from 120 to 300 microns separating said blood inlet container and said gas inlet container, disposed to deliver oxygenating gas into said blood inlet container and discharging bubbles into the blood and,
  • a blood defoaming chamber conductively disposed completely securing said configuration, said case having a case length substantially longer than said tubular configuration, said configuration coaxially disposed inside said case, the base terminus of said tubular configuration secured the required case length value from the case base terminus,
  • a multiplicity of gas injection apertures disposed through a single manifold plate, said gas injection apertures having an average pore diameter permeability value ranging from to 300 microns, said manifold plate secured in said boundary case normal to the case length symmetry axis a case length value from said configuration base terminus, providing a single inlet blood container between said base terminus and said manifold plate,
  • a closure permanently sealing said boundary case at said case base terminus, providing an oxygenating gas inlet container between said closure and said manifold plate.
  • a blood det'oaming chamber conductively disposed adjacent said tube array top terminus.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)
US00196458A 1971-11-08 1971-11-08 Blood oxygenator flow guide Expired - Lifetime US3769163A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US19645871A 1971-11-08 1971-11-08
GB2723973A GB1437345A (en) 1971-11-08 1973-06-07 Blood oxygenating unit for a blood oxygenator
DE2332446A DE2332446C3 (de) 1971-11-08 1973-06-26 Vorrichtung zur Sauerstoffbeladung von Blut

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US3769163A true US3769163A (en) 1973-10-30

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US00196458A Expired - Lifetime US3769163A (en) 1971-11-08 1971-11-08 Blood oxygenator flow guide

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US (1) US3769163A (enExample)
CA (1) CA978440A (enExample)
DE (1) DE2332446C3 (enExample)
FR (1) FR2159326B1 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1437345A (enExample)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3807958A (en) * 1972-06-05 1974-04-30 Harvey Res Corp William A bubble oxygenerator including a blood foam return exchanger device
US3941862A (en) * 1973-12-11 1976-03-02 Hudson Oxygen Therapy Sales Company Gas diffusing assembly
US4067696A (en) * 1976-02-03 1978-01-10 Swiley Laboratories, Inc. Blood oxygenator
US4085041A (en) * 1974-12-20 1978-04-18 Fmc Corporation Biological oxidation and flotation apparatus and method
US4182739A (en) * 1976-02-03 1980-01-08 Shiley Incorporated Blood oxygenator
US4205042A (en) * 1978-06-23 1980-05-27 Cobe Laboratories, Inc. Blood oxygenator with a gas filter
US4280981A (en) * 1979-11-06 1981-07-28 C. R. Bard, Inc. Blood oxygenator
US4637917A (en) * 1983-10-14 1987-01-20 Reed Charles C Bubble oxygenator
US4722829A (en) * 1986-03-24 1988-02-02 Giter Gregory D Blood oxygenator
USRE36774E (en) * 1989-10-01 2000-07-11 Baxter Healthcare Corporation Cylindrical blood heater/oxygenator
US20160220969A1 (en) * 2010-06-07 2016-08-04 James Richard Spears Md Pllc Pressurized liquid stream with dissolved gas

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4188360A (en) * 1978-09-08 1980-02-12 Japan Medical Supply Co., Ltd. Artificial lung with a built-in heat exchanger
DE3906034C1 (enExample) * 1989-02-27 1990-09-27 Dr. J. Haensler Gmbh, 7557 Iffezheim, De
ATE504644T1 (de) 1997-11-26 2011-04-15 Abbott Medical Optics Inc Verwendung von hydroxypropylmethylcellulose in einem reinigungsmittel für kontaktlinsen
US6063745A (en) 1997-11-26 2000-05-16 Allergan Mutli-purpose contact lens care compositions
EP3237034A1 (en) * 2014-12-22 2017-11-01 Extra Corporeal Solutions S.r.l. Apparatus for the treatment of blood
CN118924979B (zh) * 2023-12-27 2025-05-30 航天新长征医疗器械(北京)有限公司 一种医用血液导流分布装置

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2578411A (en) * 1945-02-12 1951-12-11 Donald G Fisher Fishing lure
US3210057A (en) * 1963-02-11 1965-10-05 Carrier Corp Absorption refrigeration systems
US3493347A (en) * 1967-12-12 1970-02-03 Hazen F Everett Blood oxygenator
US3547591A (en) * 1968-10-16 1970-12-15 Jose C Torres Bubble film oxygenator
US3561194A (en) * 1967-02-17 1971-02-09 Franklin Ernest Baldwin Exhaust gas conditioner

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2578411A (en) * 1945-02-12 1951-12-11 Donald G Fisher Fishing lure
US3210057A (en) * 1963-02-11 1965-10-05 Carrier Corp Absorption refrigeration systems
US3561194A (en) * 1967-02-17 1971-02-09 Franklin Ernest Baldwin Exhaust gas conditioner
US3493347A (en) * 1967-12-12 1970-02-03 Hazen F Everett Blood oxygenator
US3547591A (en) * 1968-10-16 1970-12-15 Jose C Torres Bubble film oxygenator

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Norman E. Shumway et al. A Mechanical Pump Oxygenator For Successful Cardiopulmonary By-Pass, Surgery, Vol. 40, No. 5, 11 56; pp. 831 839. *

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3807958A (en) * 1972-06-05 1974-04-30 Harvey Res Corp William A bubble oxygenerator including a blood foam return exchanger device
US3941862A (en) * 1973-12-11 1976-03-02 Hudson Oxygen Therapy Sales Company Gas diffusing assembly
US4085041A (en) * 1974-12-20 1978-04-18 Fmc Corporation Biological oxidation and flotation apparatus and method
US4067696A (en) * 1976-02-03 1978-01-10 Swiley Laboratories, Inc. Blood oxygenator
US4182739A (en) * 1976-02-03 1980-01-08 Shiley Incorporated Blood oxygenator
US4205042A (en) * 1978-06-23 1980-05-27 Cobe Laboratories, Inc. Blood oxygenator with a gas filter
US4280981A (en) * 1979-11-06 1981-07-28 C. R. Bard, Inc. Blood oxygenator
US4637917A (en) * 1983-10-14 1987-01-20 Reed Charles C Bubble oxygenator
US4722829A (en) * 1986-03-24 1988-02-02 Giter Gregory D Blood oxygenator
USRE36774E (en) * 1989-10-01 2000-07-11 Baxter Healthcare Corporation Cylindrical blood heater/oxygenator
US20160220969A1 (en) * 2010-06-07 2016-08-04 James Richard Spears Md Pllc Pressurized liquid stream with dissolved gas
US10022681B2 (en) * 2010-06-07 2018-07-17 James Richard Spears Md Pllc Pressurized liquid stream with dissolved gas
US11253822B2 (en) 2010-06-07 2022-02-22 James Richard Spears Md Pllc Pressurized liquid stream with dissolved gas
US12121871B2 (en) 2010-06-07 2024-10-22 Eco Too, Llc Pressurized liquid stream with dissolved gas

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2332446A1 (de) 1975-01-16
GB1437345A (en) 1976-05-26
DE2332446C3 (de) 1979-11-08
FR2159326B1 (enExample) 1977-12-23
DE2332446B2 (de) 1979-03-22
CA978440A (en) 1975-11-25
FR2159326A1 (enExample) 1973-06-22

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