US3764634A - Process and apparatus for preparing lower olefins - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for preparing lower olefins Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3764634A
US3764634A US00030185A US3764634DA US3764634A US 3764634 A US3764634 A US 3764634A US 00030185 A US00030185 A US 00030185A US 3764634D A US3764634D A US 3764634DA US 3764634 A US3764634 A US 3764634A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
tubes
group
feed stock
abrasive material
cracking
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00030185A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
T Ozawa
M Ueda
R Hashimoto
S Suzuki
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mitsui Engineering and Shipbuilding Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Mitsui Engineering and Shipbuilding Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mitsui Engineering and Shipbuilding Co Ltd filed Critical Mitsui Engineering and Shipbuilding Co Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3764634A publication Critical patent/US3764634A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28G—CLEANING OF INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL SURFACES OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER CONDUITS, e.g. WATER TUBES OR BOILERS
    • F28G1/00—Non-rotary, e.g. reciprocated, appliances
    • F28G1/12—Fluid-propelled scrapers, bullets, or like solid bodies
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G9/14—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means
    • C10G9/16—Preventing or removing incrustation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
    • C10G2400/20—C2-C4 olefins
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S585/00—Chemistry of hydrocarbon compounds
    • Y10S585/949—Miscellaneous considerations
    • Y10S585/95—Prevention or removal of corrosion or solid deposits

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process and apparatus for producing unsaturated hydrocarbons, particularly olefins such as ethylene by thermal cracking of hydrocarbons.
  • the present invention provides a process for producing olefins such as ethylene from raw materials ranging from gasoline to heavy oil fractions including crude oil in a tubular cracking furnace having an external heating system wherein by-produced coke precipitated on the wall of the apparatus is removed during the thermal cracking to make long continuous operation possible and also to increase the efficiency of the reaction, cooling and heat-recovery mechanisms, and an apparatus to be used in the process.
  • olefins such as ethylene from raw materials ranging from gasoline to heavy oil fractions including crude oil in a tubular cracking furnace having an external heating system wherein by-produced coke precipitated on the wall of the apparatus is removed during the thermal cracking to make long continuous operation possible and also to increase the efficiency of the reaction, cooling and heat-recovery mechanisms, and an apparatus to be used in the process.
  • the process of the present invention is characterized in that solid particles such as sand are mixed and wafted in the raw materials in reaction tubes and byproduced coke precipitated and accumulated on the inner walls of the tubes is removed by collision with the moving particles.
  • the apparatus of the present invention comprises a heating furnace including vertical tubes in which raw materials and solid particles are reciprocated to eliminate accumulation of coke on the walls cooling tubes connected with the outlets of the tubes in which the products descend, and quenchers provided with a nozzle for liquid for washing.
  • Full or partial length of the ascending tubes can be used as preheater.
  • Solid particles such as sand added for the purpose of eliminating by-produced coke precipitated and accumulated on the inner walls of the reaction tubes are supplied continuously or intermittently into a feeding system of the liquid or gaseous starting materials or into an appropriate inlet of the ascending tubes and transferred in the ascending tubes 3 and 3' in the state wafted by the stream of the starting materials, vaporous products and other gaseous materials.
  • the solid particles may also be supplied through inlets 7 and 7 at the lower portions of the reaction tubes.
  • cone-shaped heat resisting structures 8 may be provided for avoiding residence of the particles in spaces between the tubes.
  • the reaction tubes have a diameter of up to about inches and are made of heat resisting, abrasion-resisting metals.
  • the reaction temperature is selected in the range of about 600 950C to obtain the desired treatment quantity and distribution of products.
  • the stream of high temperature products and solid particles is thus reciprocated and reacted in the furnace and then introduced into a quenching separator 6 to check the cracking reaction and also to separate them.
  • the quenching separator 6 includes cooling tubes 9 for cooling quickly the cracked products and a nozzle 10 for introducing oil, water or steam for dust removal and condensation of heavy oil.
  • the high temperature stream of cracked products, diluent and particles, in contact with the cooling tubes is heatexchanged with fluid in the cooling tubes and cooled quickly, and heat is efficiently recovered by the fluid in the cooling tubes.
  • the solid particles also remove harmful coke accumulated on the wall of the cooling tubes. Then the cooled stream of cracked products is washed with oil, water, steam, etc.
  • a process for thermally cracking a hydrocarbon feed stock to produce unsaturated hydrocarbons which comprises introducing ahydrocarbon feed stock into an externally heated tubular cracking furnace togeteher with a particulate abrasive material, heating said mixture to a temperature in the range from about 600 to about 950C. to convert a substantial proportion of the feed stock to gaseous unsaturated hydrocarbons and circulating the resulting fluidized, vaporous reaction mixture containing suspended abrasive particles through said tubular cracking furnace to a quenching zone, whereby deposition of by-product coke on the inner surfaces of said furnace is prevented by the scouring action of said abrasive particles.
  • feed stock is selected from hydrocarbon fractions ranging from gasoline fractions to heavy oil fractions and crude oil.
  • An apparatus for thermally cracking a hydrocarbon feed stock comprising a plurality of reaction tubes divided into two groups for flow in opposite directions, header means providing reversal of the direction of flow in said apparatus by permitting flow out of the .inner ends of said first group of tubes into the inner to move through said apparatus carrying said abrasive material during the cracking operation so that particles thereof collide with the walls of said apparatus, whereby any carbon produced by said thermal cracking and adhering to the walls of said apparatus is dislodged therefrom by said abrasive particles.
  • An apparatus for thermally cracking a hydrocarbon feed stock comprising a plurality of reaction tubes divided into two groups for flow in opposite directions, header means providing reversal of the direction of flow in said apparatus by permitting flow out of the inner ends of said first group of tubes into the inner ends of said second group of tubes, meansfor introducing a hydrocarbon feed stock to be cracked into the outer ends of said first group of tubes, means for removing cracked hydrocarbon products from the outer ends of said second group of tubes, means for introducing particulate abrasive material to the feed stock and means for causing said feed stock and product stream to move through said apparatus carrying said abrasive material during the cracking operation so that particles thereof collide with the walls of said apparatus, whereby any carbon produced by said thermal cracking and adhering to the walls of said apparatus is dislodged therefrom by said abrasive particles, and means in said header means for preventing accumulation of said particulate abrasive material around the inner ends of said reaction tubes.
  • Apparatus according to claim 4 comprising in addition a quenching means in communication with said outlet ports of said second group of reaction tubes.
  • An apparatus for thermally cracking a hydrocarbon feed stock comprising a plurality of reaction tubes divided into two groups for flow in opposite directions, header means providing reversal of the direction of flow in said apparatus by permitting flow out of the inner ends of said first group of tubes into the inner ends of said second group of tubes, means for introducing a hydrocarbon feed stock to be cracked into the outer ends of said first group of tubes, means for removing cracked hydrocarbon products from the outer ends of said second group of tubes, means for introducing particulate abrasive material to the feed stock and means for causing said feed stock and product stream to move through said apparatus carrying said abrasive material during the cracking operation so that particles thereof collide with the walls of said apparatus, whereby any carbon produced by said thermal cracking and adhering to the walls of said apparatus is dislodged therefrom by said abrasive particles, a quenching means in communication with said outlet ports of said second group of reaction tubes, and means in said header means for preventing accumulation of particulate abrasive material around the inner

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
US00030185A 1969-04-23 1970-04-20 Process and apparatus for preparing lower olefins Expired - Lifetime US3764634A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP3284069 1969-04-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3764634A true US3764634A (en) 1973-10-09

Family

ID=12370005

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00030185A Expired - Lifetime US3764634A (en) 1969-04-23 1970-04-20 Process and apparatus for preparing lower olefins

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3764634A (de)
DE (1) DE2019475C3 (de)
FR (1) FR2039405B1 (de)
GB (1) GB1255886A (de)
NL (1) NL157643B (de)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4397740A (en) * 1982-09-30 1983-08-09 Phillips Petroleum Company Method and apparatus for cooling thermally cracked hydrocarbon gases
US4420343A (en) * 1980-03-15 1983-12-13 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Process for the thermal decoking of cracked gas coolers
US4458096A (en) * 1983-05-26 1984-07-03 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Process for the production of ethylene and propylene
US4828681A (en) * 1984-12-24 1989-05-09 Exxon Research & Engineering Company Process of thermally cracking hydrocarbons using particulate solids as heat carrier
US20040059171A1 (en) * 2002-09-24 2004-03-25 Brookhart Walter R. Reactor with multiple risers and consolidated transport
US20040064007A1 (en) * 2002-09-30 2004-04-01 Beech James H. Method and system for regenerating catalyst from a plurality of hydrocarbon conversion apparatuses
US20040076554A1 (en) * 2002-10-18 2004-04-22 Kuechler Keith Holroyd Multiple riser reactor with centralized catalyst return
US20050152814A1 (en) * 2000-05-04 2005-07-14 Lattner James R. Multiple riser reactor

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2652817B1 (fr) * 1989-10-06 1993-11-26 Procedes Petroliers Petrochimiqu Procede et installation de vapocraquage d'hydrocarbures, a recyclage de particules solides erosives.
FR2653779B1 (fr) * 1989-10-27 1992-05-07 Procedes Petroliers Petrochim Procede de decokage d'une installation de vapocraquage d'hydrocarbures et installation correspondante.
DE69014522T2 (de) * 1989-04-14 1995-04-13 Procedes Petroliers Petrochim Verfahren und apparat zur entkoksung von dampfkrackanlagen.
FR2649761B1 (fr) * 1989-07-12 1991-10-18 Procedes Petroliers Petrochim Procede et dispositif de repartition d'un debit gazeux charge de particules solides
FR2645875B1 (fr) * 1989-04-14 1991-07-19 Procedes Petroliers Petrochim Procede et dispositif de captation et de recyclage de particules solides dans une installation de vapocraquage d'hydrocarbures
FR2649717B1 (fr) * 1989-07-12 1991-10-18 Procedes Petroliers Petrochim Procede et dispositif de decokage d'une installation de vapocraquage d'hydrocarbures
FR2645873B1 (fr) * 1989-04-14 1991-07-19 Procedes Petroliers Petrochim Procede de decokage d'une installation de vapocraquage d'hydrocarbures, et installation de vapocraquage correspondante
FR2645874B1 (fr) * 1989-04-14 1991-07-19 Procedes Petroliers Petrochim Procede de decokage d'une installation de vapocraquage d'hydrocarbures
JP2768553B2 (ja) * 1989-04-14 1998-06-25 プロセデ ペトロリエ エ ペトロシミク 炭化水素の水蒸気分解法

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1939112A (en) * 1932-09-08 1933-12-12 Adam J Eulberg Process and apparatus for removing carbon from still tubes
US2513294A (en) * 1946-08-02 1950-07-04 Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc Process for conducting chemical reactions
US2543742A (en) * 1947-03-18 1951-02-27 Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc Method for high-temperature conversion of gaseous hydrocarbons
US2674612A (en) * 1948-11-26 1954-04-06 Standard Oil Dev Co Controlling reaction temperatures
US2775546A (en) * 1951-06-20 1956-12-25 Exxon Research Engineering Co Conversion of hydrocarbons in the presence of inert solids
US3407789A (en) * 1966-06-13 1968-10-29 Stone & Webster Eng Corp Heating apparatus and process
US3534805A (en) * 1967-06-22 1970-10-20 Bo Grels Alarik Berg Method of cleaning the gas-swept heating surfaces in heat exchangers
US3573012A (en) * 1969-02-20 1971-03-30 Selas Corp Of America Method for straight-through cracking of hydrocarbons

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1939112A (en) * 1932-09-08 1933-12-12 Adam J Eulberg Process and apparatus for removing carbon from still tubes
US2513294A (en) * 1946-08-02 1950-07-04 Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc Process for conducting chemical reactions
US2543742A (en) * 1947-03-18 1951-02-27 Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc Method for high-temperature conversion of gaseous hydrocarbons
US2674612A (en) * 1948-11-26 1954-04-06 Standard Oil Dev Co Controlling reaction temperatures
US2775546A (en) * 1951-06-20 1956-12-25 Exxon Research Engineering Co Conversion of hydrocarbons in the presence of inert solids
US3407789A (en) * 1966-06-13 1968-10-29 Stone & Webster Eng Corp Heating apparatus and process
US3534805A (en) * 1967-06-22 1970-10-20 Bo Grels Alarik Berg Method of cleaning the gas-swept heating surfaces in heat exchangers
US3573012A (en) * 1969-02-20 1971-03-30 Selas Corp Of America Method for straight-through cracking of hydrocarbons

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4420343A (en) * 1980-03-15 1983-12-13 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Process for the thermal decoking of cracked gas coolers
US4397740A (en) * 1982-09-30 1983-08-09 Phillips Petroleum Company Method and apparatus for cooling thermally cracked hydrocarbon gases
US4458096A (en) * 1983-05-26 1984-07-03 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Process for the production of ethylene and propylene
US4828681A (en) * 1984-12-24 1989-05-09 Exxon Research & Engineering Company Process of thermally cracking hydrocarbons using particulate solids as heat carrier
US7102050B1 (en) 2000-05-04 2006-09-05 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Multiple riser reactor
US20050152814A1 (en) * 2000-05-04 2005-07-14 Lattner James R. Multiple riser reactor
US7195741B2 (en) 2000-05-04 2007-03-27 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Multiple riser reactor
US20040059171A1 (en) * 2002-09-24 2004-03-25 Brookhart Walter R. Reactor with multiple risers and consolidated transport
US7122160B2 (en) 2002-09-24 2006-10-17 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Reactor with multiple risers and consolidated transport
US20040064007A1 (en) * 2002-09-30 2004-04-01 Beech James H. Method and system for regenerating catalyst from a plurality of hydrocarbon conversion apparatuses
US20040076554A1 (en) * 2002-10-18 2004-04-22 Kuechler Keith Holroyd Multiple riser reactor with centralized catalyst return
US7083762B2 (en) 2002-10-18 2006-08-01 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Multiple riser reactor with centralized catalyst return
US20060229483A1 (en) * 2002-10-18 2006-10-12 Kuechler Keith H Multiple riser reactor with centralized catalyst return
US7385099B2 (en) 2002-10-18 2008-06-10 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Multiple riser reactor with centralized catalyst return

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2019475B2 (de) 1977-09-22
NL7005897A (de) 1970-10-27
NL157643B (nl) 1978-08-15
DE2019475C3 (de) 1978-05-03
FR2039405B1 (de) 1973-05-25
DE2019475A1 (de) 1970-11-05
FR2039405A1 (de) 1971-01-15
GB1255886A (en) 1971-12-01

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3764634A (en) Process and apparatus for preparing lower olefins
US2448922A (en) Continuous cracking process
JP4412886B2 (ja) 石油炭化水素の接触分解処理
US2471104A (en) Production of unsaturated hydrocarbons and hydrogen
US2541077A (en) Method and apparatus for contacting subdivided solid particles with a fluid reactantstream
US3671198A (en) Cracking furnace having thin straight single pass reaction tubes
US3215505A (en) Apparatus for the continuous cracking of hydrocarbons
US2320318A (en) Method for catalytic conversion
CN110724550B (zh) 一种采用快速流化床进行催化裂解的方法和系统
US2597346A (en) Method for effecting the conversion of organic reactant streams
US3647907A (en) Process for quenching a gas obtained by thermal cracking of hydrocarbons
US3338821A (en) Quenching of catalytic cracking reactor vapors in feed line to fractionator
US4473460A (en) Continuous preparation of hydrocarbon oils from coal by hydrogenation under pressure in two stages
US3392211A (en) Production of ethylene by thermal cracking of hydrocarbons
US3708552A (en) Process and apparatus for thermal cracking of hydrocarbons
US5445799A (en) Apparatus and method for thermocracking a fluid
US2318555A (en) Cleansing agent and the
US2394849A (en) Process for treating hydrocarbons
US2928886A (en) Production of ethylene
US2376833A (en) Art of cracking hydrocarbons
US2546042A (en) Process and apparatus for catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons
US2411592A (en) Fluid catalyst reactor
CN110724560B (zh) 一种生产丙烯和轻芳烃的催化裂解方法和系统
CN110724561B (zh) 一种生产丙烯和轻芳烃的催化裂解方法和系统
US3176047A (en) Pyrolysis of hydrocarbons