US3764288A - Apparatus for bending sheet material - Google Patents

Apparatus for bending sheet material Download PDF

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Publication number
US3764288A
US3764288A US00147040A US3764288DA US3764288A US 3764288 A US3764288 A US 3764288A US 00147040 A US00147040 A US 00147040A US 3764288D A US3764288D A US 3764288DA US 3764288 A US3764288 A US 3764288A
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Prior art keywords
tray
bending
stations
station
cooling
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US00147040A
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English (en)
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P Gallez
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AGC Glass Europe SA
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Glaverbel Belgium SA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B29/00—Reheating glass products for softening or fusing their surfaces; Fire-polishing; Fusing of margins
    • C03B29/04—Reheating glass products for softening or fusing their surfaces; Fire-polishing; Fusing of margins in a continuous way
    • C03B29/06—Reheating glass products for softening or fusing their surfaces; Fire-polishing; Fusing of margins in a continuous way with horizontal displacement of the products
    • C03B29/08—Glass sheets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B23/00—Re-forming shaped glass
    • C03B23/02—Re-forming glass sheets
    • C03B23/023—Re-forming glass sheets by bending
    • C03B23/0235—Re-forming glass sheets by bending involving applying local or additional heating, cooling or insulating means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
    • Y02P40/57—Improving the yield, e-g- reduction of reject rates

Definitions

  • Cooling F/ 3 Preh eating Ben ding INVENTOR Pierre Gollez BY L ATTORNEY-5'.
  • This invention relates to apparatus for imparting a predetermined permanent curvature to, for example, sheet blanks.
  • the present invention is of special potential importance for the design of a plant for bending vehicle windshield blanks made of glass.
  • the invention will hereafter be described primarily in relation to that particular application.
  • the known system has certain disadvantages, one of these being the large floor space taken up by the complete plant, including the various treatment stations and the tray conveying path.
  • each tray is always oriented in the same way in relation to its line of motion.
  • a plant for use in bending sheet blanks has blank preheating, bending and cooling zones, the preheating and cooling zones being arranged along two abreast parallel lines and the bending zone or zones being arranged in one or both of the lines and/or in a bridging position between them.
  • At least one tray is provided in which a blank can be supported while it is subjected to preheating, bending and cooling at the zones and which can be displaced first in one direction along one of the lines and then in the reversed direction along the other of the lines for exposing a blank held in the tray to successive treatments at the zones.
  • the spacing between the two abreast lines is preferably no greater than is necessitated by the space requirements of the stations in the diiferent lines.
  • the various treatment stations are distributed in such a Way that a bending station is located at an end of at least one of the abreast parallel lines.
  • a preheating station or stations, in one of the abreast parallel lines, and the bending and cooling stations are in the other of such lines.
  • the bending station may be arranged directly opposite the last preheating station.
  • Another possible layout according to the present invention is one in which there is a bending station at the end of one of the abreast parallel lines, the bending station being preceded by one or more preheating stations in that line, and one or more cooling stations in the other of the lines.
  • the first cooling station may be arranged directly opposite the bending station.
  • the tray holding the bent sheet has merely to move over a short distance in order to reach the first, or only, cooling station.
  • this short distance is not more than twice the width of the tray and most preferably not more than one and a half times such width.
  • the preheating and bending stations may have separate furnaces, or they may have separate hoods from which heat is radiated, downwardly for heating a blank While they are held beneath the hoods in a tray.
  • two or more stations may have different portions of a common tunnel-like furnace, or different portions of a common hood.
  • there may be two tunnel-like furnaces or hoods, respectively, providing the processing stations belonging to one or the other of the two abreast lines of stations.
  • hood-type heaters it is preferable to provide some form of shutter or closure means therefor to enable any given hood to be closed off at the bottom when a tray is not in position at the related station.
  • the provision of such closure means is not so important, or is not necessaryparticularly if there are as many trays as there are stations-because in that case the plant can be operated so that at substantially all times the position under any hood is occupied by a stationary tray or by portions of successive trays leaving and entering the station.
  • the plant may include means for guiding a tray about a course extending along one of the abreast lines and then back along the other of them.
  • the guide system mayv be arranged within the furnace or furnaces, or portions or extensions of a tray or trays may extend through slots in a wall or walls of each furnace used for engaging a guide track located externally of the furnace or furnaces. This track may be, for example, beneath the furnace sole(s).
  • tray guide means defining an endless conveying path of which the abreast lines form opposite sides.
  • the length of this endless conveying path, measured parallel with the abreast lines, may be substantially the same as or only a little greater than the overall distance, parallel with those lines, covered by the preheating, bending and cooling stations.
  • the endless course may extend beyond these processing stations at the end of the system at which a tray enters the preheating station or stations and leaves the cooling station or stations, and further operations on each sheet blank can be performed during travel of a tray along the extended part of the conveying path.
  • the guiding means when provided, may alternatively form a discontinuous course for a tray-for example a path of a generally U or horseshoe shape-the preheating, bending and cooling stations being distributed along the parallel portions of the conveying path, and the connecting portion of the path serving to determine the path of a tray from the processing station or from the last processing station of one line to the processing station or the first processing station of the other line.
  • the part of the guide means determining the movement of a tray from one to the other of the parallel first and second lines maybe arranged so that each tray moves parallel with itself in transferring from one to the other of the parallel lines.
  • the guide means may be constructed so that each tray moves parallel with itself or sideways, and in a direction perpendicular to the parallel lines when transferring from one of such lines to the other.
  • Such an arrangement has the advantage that the distance which each tray has to move to transfer from one to the other of the two parallel lines for any given spacing thereof is as short as possible.
  • the guide means may be constructed so that each tray moves only in translation, i.e. without having its orientation changed by any pivotal or rotational movement relative to the parallel lines, along a curved path joining the parallel lines.
  • each tray it is, of course, not essential for a tray to move parallel with itself during movement between the two parallel lines.
  • the guide means may, as an alternative, be arranged so that each tray follows a curved path joining the two parallel lines without the tray changing its orientation with respect to the line of the tray motion. In this case, each carriage turns through during movement form the ends of one of the two parallel lines to the conveying path starting end of the other of them.
  • the displacement of a tray during the whole or any part of its travel may be effected either manually or automatically.
  • Automatic displacement may, for example, be achieved by means of known types of driven endless entraining members With which each tray engages, and/ or by hydraulic or pneumatic piston and cylinder units, or by any other suitable known means.
  • the blanks are preferably orientated in the trays so that the longitudinal axes of the blanks lie normal to the line of motion of the trays during their movement along the two abreast lines along which the treatment stations are placed. In that event, however, the axes will be parallel with the line of motion of the tray when they move from one of those lines to the other. In order to avoid slipping of the blanks during this latter motion, it is preferably performed with a slow acceleration and deceleration.
  • the second of the two different types of layouts above described may in some cases be preferable to the first one, because the transfer of the blanks from the preheating station or stations to the bending station can be performed more quickly. A slower movement of the blanks from the bending station to the first cooling station is of little or no consequence.
  • Stops can be provided in each tray for preventing displacement of the blank by inertia or other effects.
  • the trays are supported on self-orientating castors which engage the fioor, and the trays have projecting pins which extend into guide rails, or track s, secured into or within the floor. It suflices to provide a single guide rail along the periphery of the rectangular path for the trays, and to provide each tray with, for example, four depending arms disposedas viewed in planat the corners of a notional rectangle. During movement of a tray in any one of the four directions in which the tray is moved in the course of one complete circuit, the tray is guided and constrained to move parallel with itself by engagement of two of its depending arms in one of the, for example, four peripheral rails.
  • the preheating and bending stations may, as already mentioned, incorporate hood-type heating units.
  • the cooling station or stations may be merely locations along the conveying path at which each tray dwells for a predetermined period during which cooling of the hot blank takes place as a result of free exposure of the blank to ambient air through the open top of the tray. This is especially suitable for cooling thin sheets.
  • hood or cover which restricts or controls radiant heat and/or cooling air flow in and out of the trays.
  • Such a hood or cover may, for example, have a flat or curved plate which closes off, or almost closes off, the top of a tray which is currently at the cooling station in question. Restricted air flow may be permitted by virtue of the plate being raised with respect to the top of the plate, or by virtue of one or more holes being provided in the plate itself. Cooling may take place by natural or forced draft.
  • there is at least one cooling station where there is a tray disposed at or movable into a position such that when a tray carrying a bent sheet blank is in position at the cooling station, a cover provides or defines with the tray an opening or openings through which cooling air can flow into the tray.
  • This feature is of importance in its own right to, for example, enable bent sheets of glass to be cooled rapidly without subjecting the glass to a very slow annealing. This is unnecessary in the case of thin sheets, such as sheets less than 2 mm. thick.
  • the present invention is any plant for bending sheet blanks and having blank preheating, bending and cooling stations, wherein the cooling station, or at least one of such stations if there is more than one, is equipped with a cover which functions as above described.
  • a plant can, of course, also include, it so dtsired, any of the features related to the present invention in its first aspect herein defined.
  • the cover may, for example, be in the form of a flat or curved plate. The operative position of the plate may be a little above the top of a tray when this is at a respective station, or the plate may be in contact with the tray at one side or end and be disposed at an inclination to the horizontal.
  • the plate may have one or more peripheral openings or recesses through which air can enter the tray when the plate is in position on the top of the tray. It is advantageous to be able to regulate the openings to suit different cases, in particular to adjust the level of the cover in relation to the tray in order to regulate the cooling rate. At any given cooling station, the cooling effect can be modified by the action of one or more heaters.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a part of a plant according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic top plan layout of the plant of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic top plan layout of another plant according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic top plan view of part of yet another plant according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective detail of a cooling station according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective detail similar to FIG. 5, but showing an alternative embodiment of a cooling station according to the present invention.
  • a main structure 1 supporting a number of hoods containing heating means-for example, suitable, known electrical resistance heaters-and reflectors for reflecting heat downwardly through the openings defined in the bottoms of the hoods.
  • the hoods are located at each of four stations, namely, the three preheating stations and the single bending station labeled as such in FIG. 2. Three of the hoods appear in FIG. 1, that is hoods 2 and 3 which are located at two of the three preheating stations and a hood 4 which is located at a bending station.
  • the preheating and bending stations may, as already mentioned, incorporate hood-type heating units. These units may, as known per se, have internal radiant heaters or other known heating means and preferably reflectors which direct the heat downwardly into the trays holding the blanks as these move into position beneath the hoods. Particularly at the bending station, there may be electrical resistance or other known heaters which are independently regulatable so that the heat distribution can be locally adjusted to suit the curvature which is to be imparted to the blanks.
  • An embodiment of such heating units is shown in the US. Pat. No. 3,166,397, FIG. 1, which describes a windshield bending plant comprising more particularly a bending station 14 provided with radiant heaters as electric coils 63.
  • This track 5 serves to guide, for example, a plurality of trays 10, into each of which a sheet blank to be bent (not shown) is loaded.
  • the number of trays 10 may range from one tray to a number at most inferior of one unity to the number of stations in order to permit the movement of the trays from a station to next station.
  • the manner in which the blanks are supported within the tray is not shown.
  • the manner of support is in accordance with known practice. Briefly described, each blank is supported at its opposed ends on the opposed ends of a former (not shown), the upper surface of which is concavely curved towards the sheet and determines the curvature which will be imparted to the blank in the bending operation.
  • Stops can be provided on each tray for preventing displacement of the blank by the force of inertia or other effects. For example, there may be a few stops for abutting the edges of an elongated blank, such as a vehicle windshield blank, at each of the shorter sides of the blank. If movement of the tray in a direction parallel with the longitudinal dimension of the blank occurs after bending of the blank, then the stops must be brought into effect or made effective at the reduced spacing of the blank ends which is present when bending is complete.
  • the stops can be manipulated into operative position at the appropriate time, either manually or automatically, for example, they may be manipulated by means of a system of levers (not shown). Stops can of course be provided for abutting the longer edges of the blank if so required.
  • such stops can be constituted by the vertical flanges of I.-shaped members (not shown) at the periphery of the mold or form (not shown) determining the curvature of the blank.
  • the German Pat. No. 228,049 describes such a tray 1 comprising a former realized by the curvature of the upper edge 4 of several panels 3 maintained in the tray by the grooves 2 and by the supporting bed 5.
  • FIG. 2 it may be seen that the blanks are stopped by the upper portion of the walls of the tray. Indeed, the highest part of the panels 3 is smaller than the trays of the tray.
  • Each tray 10 is supported on uprights 12, frame 13, and, for example, four self-orientating castors or swivel mounted wheels. Three of the wheels of one of the trays are apparent in FIG. 1 and are designated by the reference numeral 6.
  • Each of the trays 10 is also provided on its uprights 12 with four projecting pins '7 (FIG. I). These pins 7 are arranged to selectively engage with the track and guide each tray 10 about the conveying path defined by track 5.
  • the trays It) in FIG. 1 move in the direction of the arrows.
  • the level at which hoods such as 2-4 are supported by the main structure 1 is designed to be such that the trays 10 can just move into position beneath them.
  • Each tray 10 is provided around its top rim 11 with a flexible heatinsulating material 8-for example, asbestos fibers or steel woolwhich forms a seal against the bottom rim of the respective hood when a tray 10 is in position at any station at which a hood such as hoods 2-4 is present.
  • FIG. 2 of the drawings there are three preheating stations, one bending station and three cooling stations.
  • trays 10 located for a time at the different types of stations are distinguished by different cross-hatchings.
  • the trays 10 move, for example, intermittently through these stations in succession, following a rectangular path determined by track 5.
  • each of the preheating stations is always occupied by a tray 10, or by portions of successive trays It so that downward heat losses are minimal.
  • the circuit of one of the trays Iii-that is, the tray designated C in FIG. 2 will be described in more detail.
  • the circuit of the other trays 10 is, of course, the same.
  • the tray C is advanced in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 2 from its illustrated position to the loading station which appears in the bottom left-hand corner of FIG. 2.
  • tray C four points on tray C have been marked with a cross in FIG. 2 to indicate the positions of the pins 7.
  • the two pins 7 which are uppermost in FIG. 2 are engaged in the side of the track 5 which also appears uppermost in FIG. 2.
  • the two left-hand pins 7 are shown out of registration with the adjacent end, or vertical in FIG. 2, rail of track 5 in order to clarify the description.
  • the left-hand pins '7 move into the end rail of the track 5 and this end rail guides the tray in its movement into the loading station.
  • the entry of the lower left-hand pin 7 into that rail is permitted by a notch (not shown) in the inner flange of the rail at the appropriate point.
  • the top righthand pin 7 is opposite a notch (not shown) in the inner flange of the top rail so that that rail does not prevent the movement of the tray towards the loading station. Similar notches (not shown) are also provided at the appropriate points of track 5.
  • tray C On reaching the loading station, tray C is loaded With a sheet blank (not shown). Tray C is then advanced stepwise through the four succeeding stations in the bottom line of the layout of FIG. 2. A stepwise motion is necessary, because, of course, the motion of tray C is accompanied by motion of the trays 10 ahead of it, and each tray has to dwell for a certain period at each of the treatment stations.
  • the loaded tray C accordingly reaches the three preheating stations one after the other in succession. At those stations, the blank is progressively heated to a temperature somewhat below that at which the blank will bend under its own weight.
  • tray C is guided by the bottom rail of the track 5, which is engaged by the lower set of pins 7.
  • the tray C is next moved, parallel with itself, in the direction indicated by the right-hand arrow in FIG. 2 and into the bending station. Tray C is guided in this movement by virtue of engagement of the two right-hand pins 7 with the right-hand end rail (as seen in FIG. 2) of track 5.
  • the blank is heated to such a temperature that the blank, which is supported only on the ends of its former (not shown), sags under its own weight and takes up the same curvature as the top surface of the former.
  • the tray C now moves stepwise to the left along the top line of stations until it arrives back at its illustrated position ready to return to the loading station where the bent blank is removed from tray C and replaced by a fresh blank to be bent.
  • Each of the trays 16 is, of course, always supported on its wheels 6, so that the tray 10 can be displaced quite easily.
  • These wheels 6 are self-orientating according to the direction in which a thrust is exerted against the tray 10.
  • the movement of trays 10 along the top and bottom lines of the layout of FIG. 2 may be effected by a suitable known pneumatic or hydraulic mechanism (not shown) or by any other suitable, known powered system (not shown).
  • the displacement of each tray 10 from one line into the other may likewise be achieved automatically, but in some cases it may be desirable to perform this movement manually so as to avoid an inertia displacement of a sheet on its former.
  • the need for this caution applies mainly, of course, when moving a tray 10 for the final preheating station into the bending station.
  • FIG. 3 of the drawings An alternative layout is shown in FIG. 3 of the drawings.
  • this layout there are two preheating stations and a bending station in the bottom line (as seen in FIG. 3) and three cooling stations in the top line.
  • Trays 10 are guided by a track, designated 5, which is similar to the track 5, but can be made shorter, as shown when a bending' operation has been performed in the layout of FIG. 3, the tray 10 holding the bent sheet has merely to move over a short distance in order to reach the first cooling station.
  • this short distance is not more than twice the width of a tray 10, and most preferably not more than one and a half times such width.
  • FIG. 4 there is a known preheating tunnel-type furnace on one of the two abreast parallel lines of a U-shaped conveying path and a cooling station along the other of such lines.
  • a bending station is arranged at the curved portion of the conveying path, across the ends of the abreast lines.
  • the bending station is arranged in an end position common to the abreast parallel lines.
  • Guide means is provided for guiding a tray 10 in movement from the preheating furnace to the cooling station along the semicircular portion of the conveying path, which is indicated by the broken line in FIG. 4. In following this portion of the conveying path, a tray 10 becomes turned through so that the same end of the tray 10 leads its motion through the entire plant.
  • each tray 10 becomes exposed in the region marked a during movement from the preheating station to the bending station, and at the region marked h during movement from the bending station to the cooling station, unless some form of insulating cover (not shown) is provided at these regions.
  • the cooling stations in FIGS. 2 to 4 can be merely locations, or Zones, at which the trays 10 are freely open to the ambient air. Alternatively, one or more of the cooling stations may be provided with some form of cover member.
  • Cooling according to the present invention in its second aspect as hereinbefore defined can be carried out at a cooling station or stations equipped with a cover member as shown in FIGS. and 6.
  • the cover which is designated 9 in FIG. 5 and 9' in FIG. 6, has a flat plate held in a known manner to supporting structure (not shown) either horizontally (FIG. 5) or at an inclination to the horizontal by some predetermined angle a (FIG. 6), in a position such that when a tray moves into position beneath the cover member 9, 9', gap or gaps are formed between the tray 10 and the plate 9, 9 through which gap(s) cooling air can flow into the tray 10 as indicated in FIGS. 5 and 6 by the arrows. That is, the plate is ar ranged to form a gap or gaps with respect to a tray 10.
  • the cooling action thus achieved is particularly suitable for rapidly cooling thin bent glass sheets.
  • EXAMPLE A number of car Windshields were produced by subjecting to bending operation, sheets of a soda lime silica glass (SiO 71%, A1 0 2%, Na O 12%, CaO 12%, MgO 2%, impurities 1%), of which the length is about 150 c.m., the breadth is about 50 c.m. and having a thickness of 3 cm.
  • a soda lime silica glass SiO 71%, A1 0 2%, Na O 12%, CaO 12%, MgO 2%, impurities 1%
  • Each sheet is placed on a bending mould located on a tray and is inserted in the pre-heating zone of the furnace, comprising three pre-heating stations, each of them provided with eighteen electrical coils connected to selecting switches to realize the particular heating pattern to insure correct bending as known in the art.
  • each sheet has been increased, in twelve minutes, up to about 590 C. and said sheet is inserted, at this temperature, in the bending zone comprising a bending station provided also with electrical coils, in which the temperature of the glass sheet is increased up to 610620 C.
  • the viscosity of the glass is such that the sheet is bent by gravity and takes the form of the mold. This bending operation lasts four minutes which is the time during which each tray remains in each station.
  • the bended windshield is then sent through three cooling stations to a discharging station.
  • the time of a whole treatment is comprised between twenty or twenty five minues according to the width of the sheet.
  • tray means including a former for holding such a blank and having a curved upper surface which defines the permanent curved configuration to be imparted to the blank;
  • means defining a cooling zone located along a second line parallel, and adjacent, to said first line;
  • heating means in said bending zone for heating a blank in said bending zone to a temperature at which the viscosity of the blank is sufficiently low to permit it to conform to the shape of said upper surface of said former;
  • zones being arranged so that a free space exists along at least tWo adjacent sides of the bending zone, one of which sides is transverse to the given axis of curvature when a sheet blank is in said bending zone;
  • said bending zone including means along said one side thereof for permitting observation of a sheet blank therein from a location in said free space along said one side of said bending zone;
  • said tray means in a predetermined direction along one of the lines, then between the lines, and finally in the reverse direction along the other of the lines for exposing a blank held in said tray means to successive treatments at said zones.
  • each said preheating and cooling zone is constituted by at least two stations arranged along its respective line.
  • said means for permitting displacement of said tray means comprises guide means arranged with respect to said stations for defining a conveying path, and means mounted on said tray means and cooperating with said guide means for guiding said tray means along said conveying path.
  • said preheating zone is constituted by a preheating tunnel-type furnace
  • said cooling zone is constituted by a cooling station
  • said bending zone is constituted by a bending station arranged transversely to said furnace and said cooling station at one end of the lines, said conveying path being U-shaped and extending through said furnace, said bending station, and said cooling station in sequence.
  • Apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said bend- UNITED STATES PATENTS ing zone comprises a single bending station arranged en 2 7 1 249 9 955 Olson et a].
  • X means for permitting displacement of said tray means causes said tray means to be displaced first along said first ARTHUR D KELLOGG, P i E i line, then between said first and second lines, and then along said second line, along a rectangular conveying US. Cl. X.R. path such that said tray means undergo only transitional 10 65-287 movement while being so displaced.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)
  • Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
  • Re-Forming, After-Treatment, Cutting And Transporting Of Glass Products (AREA)
US00147040A 1970-06-02 1971-05-26 Apparatus for bending sheet material Expired - Lifetime US3764288A (en)

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GB2661270 1970-06-02
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AR (1) AR194458A1 (cs)
BE (1) BE767903A (cs)
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DE (1) DE2127373A1 (cs)
ES (1) ES391867A1 (cs)
FR (1) FR2093982A1 (cs)
GB (1) GB1323901A (cs)
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US11247930B2 (en) * 2017-01-30 2022-02-15 Saint-Gobain Glass France Method and device for bending a glass pane

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DE3447838A1 (de) * 1984-12-29 1986-07-03 Ver Glaswerke Gmbh Ofenanlage zum biegen von glasscheiben
FI100397B (fi) * 1995-10-24 1997-11-28 Glassrobots Oy Lämmönsiirtomenetelmä lasilevyjen taivutusuunissa ja taivutusuuni
WO2015013475A1 (en) 2013-07-26 2015-01-29 Corning Incorporated Corrugated sheet, method of manufacture thereof, and mold therefor
CN108483874A (zh) * 2018-05-28 2018-09-04 湖北雄华科技有限公司 一种钢化玻璃热弯炉及其加工工艺
CN114646218B (zh) * 2022-05-19 2022-10-25 蒙娜丽莎集团股份有限公司 岩板热弯炉及对岩板进行热弯处理的方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITRM20080678A1 (it) * 2008-12-18 2010-06-19 F & C S R L Impianto multifunzionale per la tempra del vetro.
US11247930B2 (en) * 2017-01-30 2022-02-15 Saint-Gobain Glass France Method and device for bending a glass pane

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Publication number Publication date
IL36956A0 (en) 1971-08-25
AR194458A1 (es) 1973-07-23
BE767903A (fr) 1971-12-01
US3711265A (en) 1973-01-16
NL7107455A (cs) 1971-12-06
IL36956A (en) 1974-07-31
CS178081B2 (cs) 1977-08-31
JPS5413449B1 (cs) 1979-05-31
NO132351C (cs) 1975-10-29
DE2127373A1 (de) 1971-12-16
ES391867A1 (es) 1974-05-01
NO132351B (cs) 1975-07-21
SE395679B (sv) 1977-08-22
GB1323901A (en) 1973-07-18
FR2093982A1 (cs) 1972-02-04

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