US3764114A - Process for continuously producing soap and device for carrying out the process - Google Patents

Process for continuously producing soap and device for carrying out the process Download PDF

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Publication number
US3764114A
US3764114A US00178026A US3764114DA US3764114A US 3764114 A US3764114 A US 3764114A US 00178026 A US00178026 A US 00178026A US 3764114D A US3764114D A US 3764114DA US 3764114 A US3764114 A US 3764114A
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United States
Prior art keywords
casing
screw elements
section
mixture
soap
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US00178026A
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English (en)
Inventor
Herbert Ocker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Werner and Pfleiderer GmbH
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Werner and Pfleiderer GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by Werner and Pfleiderer GmbH filed Critical Werner and Pfleiderer GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D13/00—Making of soap or soap solutions in general; Apparatus therefor
    • C11D13/02—Boiling soap; Refining
    • C11D13/04—Continuous methods therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/256—Exchangeable extruder parts
    • B29C48/2564—Screw parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/06—Rod-shaped

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A mass of soap ready for forming cakes of soap therefrom is produced in continuous operation by conveying starting materials as conventionally used for the production of soap through a continuous treatment line including a screw extruder with at least two parallel screws, the screw elements of which are in mesh and coact with the inner wall of the casing of the extruder.
  • the screws are divided into sections or groups of screw elements the pitch of which increases in downstream direction. Sections of kneading discs are interposed between selected sections of screw elements to effect kneading and homogenization of the materials.
  • the starting materials are fed into the casing at one end thereof and additives are added through casing openings as the mixture of the starting materials is being conveyed in the casing toward the discharge port thereof. The mixture is discharged from the casing as finished soap of formable consistency.
  • the invention relates to a method of producing soap in continuous operation and to a device including screw elements for carrying out the method.
  • An installation for carrying out the just-described method operates continuously for this purpose; comprises a continous treatment line which includes, among many other devices, screw elements which act as agitators at selected points of the installation and also serve to convey a product through specific selected treatment zones.
  • the process of the invention is advantageously carried out in a screw extruder, the casing of which in cludes at its ends a feed port and a discharge port respectively, and if desired also intermediate ports for degasing the material as it passes through the extruder and for feeding additivies such as fragrant essences or dyes into the material at selected zones.
  • the extruder as used for carrying out the process of the invention includes at least two screws which are parallel to each other and to the axis of the casing.
  • the screws are in mesh and also coact with the inner wall of the casing, at least one of the two screws extending through the entire length of the casing. However, it is generally preferable that both screws extend through the length, of the casing.
  • the two screws are unidirectionally rotated as tests have shown that the use of two screws extending through the entire length of the casing and rotated in the same direction results in minimal installation costs and optimal production results.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic lengthwise sectional view of the installation
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-section of FIG. 1 on an enlarged scale.
  • the installation as exemplified comprises a casing I.
  • This casing may be as is customary and as it is indicated be constructed of several sections suitably secured to each other but for the purpose of the process of the in vention it should be visualized as constituting a continuous casing.
  • the casing and the devices associated therewith are supported by a suitable foundation structure indicated at 16.
  • the casing of the extruder includes, as it is conventional, ducts 17 for circulating a heating system and/or a cooling medium through the casing.
  • Two extruder screws 2 and 2a are rotatably mounted within the casing and unidirectionally driven by conventional drive means indicated at 15. Both screws extend across the length of the casing but in some cases one of the screws may be shorter than the other.
  • the screw elements are in mesh with each other and the outer peripheral diameters of the screw elements are such that they coact with the inner wall of the casing as it is clearly indicated in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the screw elements of the conveyor screws are subdivided for structural and also procedural reasons into sections such as, for instance, sections 2b and 26. As it is indicated in FIG. 1, the screw elements haveidifferently pitched screw turns, either within the sections or with reference to other sections.
  • Sectionalized extruder screws as shown in the screw extruder of FIG. 1 are well known and conventional in the art; they are constructed by sliding the screw elements on a shaft and keying the screw elements thereon.
  • FIG. 2 shows such shafts 4 and screw sections keyed thereon.
  • FIG. 1 further shows supply containers such as container 5 for a suitable soapifying agent such as soda or potash (potassium carbonate) and container 6 for fatty acids.
  • the materials in containers 5 and 6 are fed via surge tanks 5a and 5b and metering devices 7 of conventional design to a feed port 8 in casing l.
  • the aforereferred to pitch variations of the screw elements in the different sections of the screws are selected in accordance with the specific starting materials that are used and also in accordance with the location of the screw elements within, as seen in the downstream direction.
  • the processing of the starting materials to finished soap occurs in successive stages and these stages control and are controlled by the selected configurations of the screw elements.
  • FIG. 1 further shows sections of kneading discs 3 interposed between sections of screw elements. The finished product is discharged from the extruder casing through a feed port continued by a pipe 14.
  • the screw elements will positvely and continually carry the materials as they are being converted to soap toward the discharge end of the casing.
  • the first or feed zone which includes sections 2b and 2c, terminates approximately at the location of the first section of kneading discs 3 as seen in the downstream direction.
  • the screw elements in the feed zone preferably have self-cleaning tightly meshing profiles. Such screw elements, of course, arewell known in the art and do not constitute part of the invention.
  • the mixture is subjected to a first compacting action and a particularly effective homogenization while passing the first section of kneading discs 3. Just downstream of this section released volatile components are discharged through a degasing port 9.
  • additives as conventionally used in the production of soap may be added in metered quantities.
  • a conventional metering device suitable for the purpose is indicated at 11. Especially after passing the first section of kneading disc 3, the mixture acquires low viscosity, and gradually becomes a mass of more or less plastic or formable consistency.
  • further additives can be fed into the mixture by devices such as device 11 and also additional degasing ports of the type indicated at 9 may be provided.
  • the material after passing a second section of kneading discs 3 as seen in downstream direction is further degased by a degasing port 10. After passing this port the product has already the character of curd or grain soap.
  • a feed port 12 serves to feed into the mass quantitatively high grade waste such as accumulates when the still soft finished soap as discharged at the discharge end of the extruder casing is pressed into the form of cakes of soap and cut or trimmed as part of this operation.
  • the mass of soap Downstream of the addition of such high quality waste the mass of soap is further homogenized by a final section of kneading discs 3a. After passing this section, the discharge screw section 20 delivers the now finished product to the outlet of the extruder.
  • This outlet may include a suitably shaped die or nozzle, (not shown).
  • the finished refined soap is fed through a pipe 14.
  • a conventional shaping and cutting assembly 19 cuts and shapes the finished but still soft soap mass as it emerges from pipe 14 into cakes of soap which then may be packaged in the usual manner.
  • a continuous treatment line in the form of a screw extruder comprising an elongate casing having at one end a feed port and at the other end a discharge port and including a pair of conveyor screws rotary within the casing parallel to the axis thereof and having differently pitched screw elements, said screws coacting with each other and with the inner casing wall transverse of the lengthwise axis thereof, the wall of the casing intermediate said ports thereof including lengthwise spaced degasing openings, feed means for feeding the mixture of starting materials into the casing through said feed port and further feed means disposed intermediate the ports in the casing for feeding additives into the casing;
  • a device for producing soap in continuous operation from a mixture of starting materials of the kind described comprising:
  • a screw extruder including an elongate casing having at one end a feed port and at the other end a discharge port, at least one degasing opening intermediate said ports, two shafts rotary within the casing parallel to the axis thereof, screw elements secured to said shafts for rotation in unison therewith, said screw elements being divided into sections and constituting a continuous conveyor screw on each shaft, the screw elements on at least one shaft extending along substantially the length of the casing and including screw elements of different pitch for varying the action of the screw elements upon the mixture as the same passes the respective group of screw elements, the section of screw elements adjacent to the feed port constituting a feed-in section of the extruder, the screw elements in said section being in mesh and having self-cleaning profiles; a first section interposed between the downstream end of said feed-in section and the next adjacent downstream section of screw elements, the section of screw elements adjacent to the discharge port constituting a discharge section, the screw elements in said discharge section having a uniform pitch, and a second section of kneading disc
  • drive means rotate the shafts unidirectionally, and thescrew elements on the shafts are in mesh.
  • a degasing opening in the casing wall is disposed downstream of said first section of kneading discs and communicates with the screw elements in the next adjacent downstream section.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
US00178026A 1970-09-12 1971-09-07 Process for continuously producing soap and device for carrying out the process Expired - Lifetime US3764114A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19702045272 DE2045272C3 (de) 1970-09-12 1970-09-12 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von Seife

Publications (1)

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US3764114A true US3764114A (en) 1973-10-09

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US00178026A Expired - Lifetime US3764114A (en) 1970-09-12 1971-09-07 Process for continuously producing soap and device for carrying out the process

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US3764114A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5139244B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2045272C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2106240A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1308410A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT943605B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7110910A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3856278A (en) * 1972-10-07 1974-12-24 Werner & Pfleiderer Twin-screw extruder with adjustable throttling means
US4015832A (en) * 1972-08-23 1977-04-05 Koehring Company Extruder screws
US4033557A (en) * 1976-08-02 1977-07-05 Haake, Inc. Method of recovery of material test samples
US4054271A (en) * 1973-05-08 1977-10-18 Carle & Montanari S.P.A. Device for the working of candy dough hard and/or filled candies and a device for carrying out this proceeding
US4088307A (en) * 1974-10-24 1978-05-09 Wavin B. V. Extruder with degassing
US4107787A (en) * 1976-03-26 1978-08-15 Werner & Pfleiderer Screw extruder for continuously processing and degasing of elastomers and polymers having a viscosity of more than 1,000 poise
US4110844A (en) * 1977-05-16 1978-08-29 Kensaku Nakamura Vent type extruder
US4176968A (en) * 1976-08-02 1979-12-04 Haake, Inc. Three sectioned mixer having individual thermal controls
US4183673A (en) * 1976-02-23 1980-01-15 The Gillette Company Marbleization of plastic materials
DE2847457A1 (de) * 1978-11-02 1980-05-14 Zucker Friedrich J Dipl Ing Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von alkalisalzen der fettsaeuren in kontinuierlicher arbeitsweise
US4236833A (en) * 1978-01-19 1980-12-02 Blach Josef A Screw machine for processing materials of solid, pasty and liquid consistency
US5265955A (en) * 1991-04-15 1993-11-30 Pomini Farrel S.P.A. Machine for the extrusion of thermoplastic polymers and the like comprising an internal mixer
US6142058A (en) * 1996-07-18 2000-11-07 Mayville; Wayne R. Less lethal weapon attachable to lethal weapon including valve arrangement
US20080159067A1 (en) * 2005-04-18 2008-07-03 Collette Nv Continuous Granulator and Method of Continuous Granulation of Powder Material
US20220205891A1 (en) * 2019-07-11 2022-06-30 Myoung Ho Kim Device for measuring rheological properties of high-viscosity material and measurement method therefor

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5862083U (ja) * 1981-10-20 1983-04-26 三洋電機株式会社 冷却装置
AT392919B (de) * 1989-07-21 1991-07-10 Oesterr Forsch Seibersdorf Verfahren und einrichtung zur stoffbehandlung bzw. -reaktion

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3085288A (en) * 1957-08-15 1963-04-16 Welding Engineers Material treating apparatus
US3305894A (en) * 1963-11-27 1967-02-28 Werner & Pfleiderer Treatment device for pliable masses

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1069319B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1959-11-19

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3085288A (en) * 1957-08-15 1963-04-16 Welding Engineers Material treating apparatus
US3305894A (en) * 1963-11-27 1967-02-28 Werner & Pfleiderer Treatment device for pliable masses

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4015832A (en) * 1972-08-23 1977-04-05 Koehring Company Extruder screws
US3856278A (en) * 1972-10-07 1974-12-24 Werner & Pfleiderer Twin-screw extruder with adjustable throttling means
US4054271A (en) * 1973-05-08 1977-10-18 Carle & Montanari S.P.A. Device for the working of candy dough hard and/or filled candies and a device for carrying out this proceeding
US4088307A (en) * 1974-10-24 1978-05-09 Wavin B. V. Extruder with degassing
US4183673A (en) * 1976-02-23 1980-01-15 The Gillette Company Marbleization of plastic materials
US4107787A (en) * 1976-03-26 1978-08-15 Werner & Pfleiderer Screw extruder for continuously processing and degasing of elastomers and polymers having a viscosity of more than 1,000 poise
US4176968A (en) * 1976-08-02 1979-12-04 Haake, Inc. Three sectioned mixer having individual thermal controls
US4033557A (en) * 1976-08-02 1977-07-05 Haake, Inc. Method of recovery of material test samples
US4110844A (en) * 1977-05-16 1978-08-29 Kensaku Nakamura Vent type extruder
US4236833A (en) * 1978-01-19 1980-12-02 Blach Josef A Screw machine for processing materials of solid, pasty and liquid consistency
DE2847457A1 (de) * 1978-11-02 1980-05-14 Zucker Friedrich J Dipl Ing Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von alkalisalzen der fettsaeuren in kontinuierlicher arbeitsweise
US5265955A (en) * 1991-04-15 1993-11-30 Pomini Farrel S.P.A. Machine for the extrusion of thermoplastic polymers and the like comprising an internal mixer
US6142058A (en) * 1996-07-18 2000-11-07 Mayville; Wayne R. Less lethal weapon attachable to lethal weapon including valve arrangement
US20080159067A1 (en) * 2005-04-18 2008-07-03 Collette Nv Continuous Granulator and Method of Continuous Granulation of Powder Material
US8708551B2 (en) * 2005-04-18 2014-04-29 Collette Nv Continuous granulator and method of continuous granulation of powder material
US20220205891A1 (en) * 2019-07-11 2022-06-30 Myoung Ho Kim Device for measuring rheological properties of high-viscosity material and measurement method therefor
US11630046B2 (en) * 2019-07-11 2023-04-18 Myoung Ho Kim Device for measuring rheological properties of high-viscosity material and measurement method therefor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2045272B2 (de) 1972-05-25
NL7110910A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-03-14
JPS5139244B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1976-10-27
DE2045272A1 (de) 1972-03-16
IT943605B (it) 1973-04-10
GB1308410A (en) 1973-02-21
FR2106240A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-04-28
DE2045272C3 (de) 1972-12-21

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