US3763479A - Computer input/output equipment - Google Patents

Computer input/output equipment Download PDF

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US3763479A
US3763479A US00210763A US3763479DA US3763479A US 3763479 A US3763479 A US 3763479A US 00210763 A US00210763 A US 00210763A US 3763479D A US3763479D A US 3763479DA US 3763479 A US3763479 A US 3763479A
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bug
pen
digitising
table surface
axis
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A Jebb
C Besant
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Individual
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B43—WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
    • B43L—ARTICLES FOR WRITING OR DRAWING UPON; WRITING OR DRAWING AIDS; ACCESSORIES FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
    • B43L13/00—Drawing instruments, or writing or drawing appliances or accessories not otherwise provided for
    • B43L13/02—Draughting machines or drawing devices for keeping parallelism
    • B43L13/022—Draughting machines or drawing devices for keeping parallelism automatic

Definitions

  • Such a digitising table would comprise a surface upon which a drawing or other plan sheet may be placed together with a free probe or digitising pen which could be used to point to particular items or positions on the drawing.
  • the table would include means to sense the position of the pen at any chosen instant of time and convert that position into x and y co-ordinates with respect to an origin on the surface of the table, and to encode those x and y co-ordinates into electrical signals for subsequent transmission to the computer.
  • a further proposal which has been used in this field is the provision of a cathode ray tube display connected to an output ofa computer, and associated with a "light pen” with which a picture or drawing can be “drawn” on the face of the cathode ray tube leaving behind an illuminated trace.
  • Such display systems have been of two basic types; one using a storage type of cathode ray tube, in which the trace is maintained on the face of the tube, by physical characteristics of the phosphors, for a period of some hours, and being only erasable by means of flooding the whole phosphor face with electrons from within the tube; and the other being the video type of display in which the cathode ray tube face is continually scanned by an electron beam in the manner of a television picture, with the display or picture drawn thereon being re-created at each frame of the scanning.
  • the first of these systems suffered from the difficulty of erasing and correcting a drawing in that the whole picture had to be re-drawn up to the point of the error each time an erasure and correction was required, and both of these systems can suffer from difficulties in establishing accurate dimensional and coordinate positions to scale on the drawing.
  • the second of the systems also suffers from the considerable disadvantage that it consumes a large capacity of core store within the computer simply to maintain a picture of any complexity on the face of the tube as it is scanned. It can be seen that the capacity of core store consumed is proportional to the resolution of the picture and has been typically of the order of 12K to 16K bits of store capacity which has been a handicap not only in the capital cost but in the operation of more sophisticated programmes during use of the display.
  • the present invention provides an input/output digitising/drawing table unit for connection on-line to a computer, comprising a first or digitising table surface, a freely moveable digitising pen which may be placed at any chosen position within the area of said first table surface, a bug mounted below said first table surface to be moveable along x and y axes by means of servo-motors to a position corresponding to the position of said digitising pen when it is placed on said first table surface, encoding means by which the x and y co-ordinates of the position of said pen on said first table surface may be converted to electrical signals for transmission to a computer, a second table surface occupying a plane parallel to that of said first table surface and a retractable pen mounted on said bug whereby movement of said bug may trace out a representation on said second table surface under the control of a computer.
  • the present invention provides a table unit of the preceding paragraph connected on-line to a digital computer through a suitable interface.
  • the present invention provides the combination of the preceding paragraph with the computer programmed to receive and store co-ordinate information of positions on said first table surface selected with said pen, together with instruction data relating to those points, and subsequently to control said bug and said pen in movement over said second table surface to produce a representation in accordance with that co-ordinate information and instruction data.
  • the first table surface is provided with a menu card delineating a plurality of distinct areas within which said pen may be placed, each said area being associated with a particular instruction for the computer, and the computer is arranged to locate that part of its programme associated with that one of said plurality of said area within which said pen may be placed.
  • the present invention provides in the combination of either of the preceding a visible display on a cathode ray tube of the contents of stored digitised information.
  • the present invention provides a programme for the computer in the combination of the last four paragraphs.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view of an input-output table
  • FIG. 2 is a side view in part cross-section of the table of FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 is an end view in part cross-section of the table of FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 4 is a more detailed side view in part crosssection taken of the pen carrier of the table of FIG. 1 taken on the arrow IV of that Figure,
  • FIG. 5 is a plan view of the pen index mechanism of FIG. 4,
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of a digitising pen or index for use with the table of FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 7 is a plan view of the left hand x-axis drive servo of the table of FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 8 is a part cross-sectional view on the arrow VIII of FIG. 7,
  • FIG. 9 is a part cross-sectional view on the arrow IX of FIG. 7,
  • FIG. 10 is a part cross-sectional end view of the mounting of the y-axis gantry of the table of FIG. 1, taken on the arrow X of that Figure,
  • FIG. 11 is a part cross-sectional view on the arrow XI of FIG. 10,
  • FIG. 12 is a part cross-sectional end view of the y-axis gantry guide of the table of FIG. 1, taken on the arrow XII of that Figure,
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic block diagram of the table of FIG. I coupled with a small computer and a display tube,
  • FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a further type of digitising pen for use with the table of FIGS. 1 to 3,
  • FIG. 15 is a side view of yet a further type of digitising pen for use with the table of FIGS. 1 to 3,
  • FIG. 16 is an end view of the pen of FIG. 15,
  • FIG. 17 is a perspective view of a further input/output table.
  • FIG. 18 is a perspective view of the table of FIG. 17 in a different position.
  • a dual purpose input/output table indicated generally at 20 in FIG. 13 is connected on-line" to a small computer 21 by means of an interface 22.
  • the table 20 is shown in more detail in FIGS. 1 to 12 and comprises an upper digitising table surface indicated at 30 which is preferably, though not essentially, transparent.
  • a bug 31 is mounted for traverse along a gantry arm 32 in a direction across the table, which in subsequent discussion will be designated the y axis; and the gantry arm 32 is itself mounted for longitudinal traverse along the table, in a direction which in subsequent discussion will be designated the x axis.
  • the bug 31 is provided with a pen carrier indicated generally at 33 supported below it and arranged to carry a plurality of retractable pens 37 or other marking instruments, which may preferably be in the form of ballpoint pens.
  • a further or lower table surface 34 is provided to occupy a plane parallel to that of the table 30 and immediately below the bug 31 so that as the bug 31 is traversed in the x or y direction the pen 37 carried thereon can trace out its path on a sheet of paper or other material laid on the surface of the table 34.
  • FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 show in more detail the arrangements for the mounting and servo drive of the gantry arm 32.
  • the gantry arm 32 comprises an upper housing which is mounted by means of re-circulating ball bearings 81 for traverse along the .r-axis on a rail 82 which is of circular cross-section.
  • the rail 82 is supported at one edge of the table by a series of posts 83 on a rectangular section tube 84 which is itself supported on the lower drawing surface 34.
  • the housing 80 carries a pair of circular cross-section bars 85 which extend across the table in the direction of the y-axis to a support housing 86 at the far edge of the table.
  • the bars 85 form a slideway for the bug 31 for its movement in the y-axis, the bug 31 being supported on the bars 85 which are of circular cross-section by means of recirculating ball bearings.
  • a servo motor 87 with associated reduction gearing 88 is mounted at each end of the rail 82 for the x-axis drive of the housing 80.
  • Each servo motor 87 is arranged to drive an associated toothed pulley 89 which engages with a tooth belt 90 extending in a loop from one side of the housing 80 over the two pulleys and back to the other side of the housing 80.
  • a digital position encoder 91 for the x-axis is mounted opposite the servo motor at that end, and is provided with a grooved pulley 92.
  • a fine close tolerance steel wire 93 is wound several turns around the pulley 92; and is looped over a suitable pulley at the opposite end of the rail 82 with the ends of the wire being attached to respective sides of the housing 80.
  • the support housing 86 is provided with a set of three rollers 100, 101 and 102 which are arranged to engage with and run along a fixed rail 103 to guide the lower end of the gantry arm 32.
  • a further bar 104 extends between the housing 80 and the support housing 86 at an angle to the bars 85 to afford rigidity of the gantry arm 32 in the x-axis direction.
  • a single servo motor 105 with associated gearing 106 is mounted in the housing 80 to drive the bug 31 along the gantry arm 32 in the y-axis direction.
  • the servo motor 105 drives a toothed pulley 107 and a tooth belt 108 is looped around that pulley and a pulley 109 carried in the support housing 86 with the ends of the belt being attached to respective sides of the bug 31.
  • a position encoder 110 is mounted with its axis vertical on the housing 80 with an associated grooved puley 111.
  • a close tolerance steel wire 112 is wound around the pulley 111 looped over a pulley 113 on the support housing 86 with the ends of the wire being attached to respective sides of the bug 31.
  • the bug 31 is driven in the y-axis direction and its position in that axis converted to an electrical signal in a similar manner to that describedfor the x-axis.
  • a counterweight is provided for the bug 31, the counterweight sliding on a bar 121 between the housing 80 and the support housing 86 and being coupled to the bug 31 by means of a wire 122 which is looped over suitable pulley 123 on the housing 80 and support housing 86.
  • the toothed belt 108 is replaced by a steel wire and the pulleys 107 and 109 are replaced by suitable matching pulleys. This enables the use of smaller pulleys making for a more compact assembly, while maintaining a smooth drive from the servo motor to the bug 31.
  • a cable guide is provided in the form of a bar 130 of circular cross-section extending parallel to the rail 82 and cables are coiled around that bar as indicated generally at 131 in FIG. 3, and attached to an arm 132 carried on the housing 80. Cables between the housing 80 and the bug 31 may similarly be coiled around the bar 104 to be attached to an arm 133 on the bug 31.
  • the encoders may be of optical grating types, synchro-resolvers or of any type by which the physical position of the bug may be resolved into electrical signals, and the representation may be in decimal or binary code digital form, but is preferably in binary code ready for assimilation by the computer.
  • the encoders may be of an integrating type giving a continually counted summation of incremental movements of the bug in either direction along the x and y axes, or may preferably be of an absolute position indicating type giving an absolute read-out of the position of the bug irrespective of initial setting.
  • belt or wire and pulley system for moving the bug along the x and y axes may be replaced, in known manner, by any suitable means for achieving the traverse of the bug and gantry, such as lead screws or rack and pinion mechanisms.
  • the output from the digital encoders is also used to drive a visible digital read-out 24 mounted on the table so that the user may see the x and y co-ordinates of the bug 31 at any time.
  • a "digitising pen” indicated generally at 40 and which, in one form shown in FIG. 6, comprises a transparent window having a pair of cross-wires 41 marked thereon in a holder 42.
  • An electric coil 43 is wound in the holder 42 around the cross wires 41 to be accurately centered therewith.
  • the coil 43 is provided, by way ofa wandering lead 44, with a 400 01s alternating electric current from a source within the power supplies (not shown) of the table.
  • the arrangement is such that the pen 40 may thus be placed at any given point indicated by the cross-wires 41 on the surface of the table 30, and at that point the coil 43 establishes an alternating electromagnetic. field beneath the table 30.
  • the bug 31 is provided with two sensing coils 50 and 51 aligned respectively with the x and y axes to detect the magnetic field of the coil 43.
  • the electrical circuitry of the servo-motors of the bug 31 is so arranged that the coils 50 and 51 provide an error signal in respect of each axis when the bug 31 is not accurately centered beneath the cross-wires 41 of the pen 40, and the error signals are used, after suitable amplification, to drive the servo motors to correct that error and thus position the bug beneath the cross-wires 41.
  • a third coil 52 is provided on the bug 31 by which the bug 31 may be locked onto the pen 40 when the bug is correctly positioned beneath the pen.
  • the servo motor amplifiers are provided with suitable damping means whereby the two servo systems are stable and it can thus be seen that the system provides for the bug to follow the pen 40 to any position within its scope of movement beneath the table 30 in a continuous manner.
  • the digital encoders on the x and y axis servo motors give a digital readout of the position of the bug and thus of the pen 40 on the table 30.
  • the pen 40 is provided with a push button 45 which is connected, by way of the wandering lead 44 to the digital read-out circuits so that on pushing the button 45, the instantaneous read-out position of the pen 40 taken from the x and y axis digital encoders may be transmitted to the computer 21.
  • the pen 40 may take other forms in which the crosswires 41 are replaced either by a more precise pointer or probe, or even by a pen such as a ballpoint pen, so that the pen 40 may also be used to draw a visual representation on a sheet of paper or other material carried on the table 30 at the same time as the digital coordinate positions of various points on the representation are being transmitted to the computer.
  • the servo motors driving the bug on the x and y axis together with their respective position encoders are also arranged so that on transmission of a changing coordinate position from the computer 21 to the table 20, the bug 31 may be continuously driven to assume a position corresponding to that co-ordinate information, carrying with it the pen 37 to make a corresponding representation on a sheet carried on the table 34.
  • the pen carrier 33 is mounted on the side of the bug 31 to be indexable about a vertical axis to bring a selected arc of the pens to an operative position beside the bug.
  • the carrier is mounted on a bracket which is pivotally mounted on the bug 31 about a horizontal axis to allow for lifting of the pen carrier to service the pens.
  • the carrier 33 as best seen in FIG. 4, comprises an indexable disc 141 which carries six pens 37. Each of the pens is spring loaded to a retracted position by means of a coil spring 142.
  • the pens 37 shown in FIG. 4 are of a capillary tube nib ink type, but as discussed previously they may be of any other suitable type; and it is intended that each pen should be filled with a different coloured ink.
  • Indexing of the carrier 33 brings each pen successively to an operative position indicated at 143.
  • a pair of solenoids 144 are mounted on the bracket 140 at the position 143 and on energisation operate on a lever 145 which is pivotable to engage the top of a pen 37 at that position and drive it down against the associated spring 142 to operate on the lower table surface.
  • the carrier 33 is provided with a toothed portion 146.
  • a solenoid 147 is provided to move a ratchet pawl 148 in the direction of arrow 149, on energisation by means of a push rod 150.
  • the ratchet pawl 148 is in engagement with the toothed portion 146 and thus operation of the solenoid achieves incremental movement of the carrier 33.
  • a locking pawl 15] is provided, resiliently biassed into engagement with the toothed portion 146 to hold the carrier in a given index position.
  • the locking pawl 151 is released by the solenoid push rod 149 before the pawl 148 is engaged, lost motion being provided between the pawl 148 and a shoulder on the push rod to that purpose.
  • the solenoids 144 and 147 are energised under the control of the computer in use so that the desired pen 37 is brought into operation at any given time in operation of the table to draw out from the computer, the appropriate number of pulses being supplied to the solenoid 147 to index the carrier 33 and the solenoids 144 being energised to bring the selected pen 37 into use.
  • the table 20 provides both the input and output facility for graphical representations to be transmitted to and taken from the computer 21 in digital form.
  • the shaft encoders of table 20 are connected to the computer 21 by means of an interface system indicated at 22 in FIG. 13, which in this embodiment is an internationally agreed interface system based on the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Harwell 7,000 Series and referred to by the code name CAMAC.
  • the interface system 22 is provided to achieve compatability electrically and logically between the systems of the table 20 and the computer 21.
  • PDPS/E Digital Equipment Corporation Serial PDPS/E
  • a portion of the surface of the digitising table surface 30 is set aside for a menu card.”
  • the area of the menu card is divided up into small rectangular blocks to which are assigned individually various items of instruction for the computer.
  • the computer is directed to that part of its programme associated with carrying out the instruction ascribed to that rectangle of the menu card.
  • the computer is programmed to distinguish between the various instructions on the basis of the coordinate position of the pen being within the corners of the prescribed rectangle associated with that instruction.
  • the menu card may be readily changed to provide different sets of instruction items, for instance when changing from one branch of technology to another, the menu card is preferably in the form of an overlay for the appropriate portion of the table 30, and is preferably associated with an individual programme tape for the input tape facility of the computer. [n this way the difi'erent programme routines necessary to carry out different instruction items may be readily associated with not only the menu card, but the co-ordinate position within the menu card. Further programme facilities can be incorporated so that the menu card can be temporarily shifted to an area of the table near an item being digitised.
  • the digitising pen may be utilised to digitise and feed into the computer the details of a straight line between two points. It is arranged that to do this the digitising pen is first placed on the appropriate area of the menu card corresponding to the instruction draw a straight line (between two points)," and that instruction is then entered in the computer by operation of the button 45. The pen is then placed successively on the two points and their coordinates are entered into the computer.
  • the part of the programme for the computer associated with that instruction which is located on the programme tape under the control of the computer, is devised to ensure the realisation that the two following co-ordinate positions are the ends of the line and that the line is required between them.
  • the digitised information together with the appropriate output drawing instructions are transferred to the core store of the computer to build up there into blocks.
  • the core store of the computer When a point is reached that the accumulated information in the core store fills a prescribed sized block of core store capacity, it is arranged that the block of information is transferred under the programme to the output tape for long term storage.
  • the computer is provided with an output programme which may be carried on the same tape as the menu card instruction programme, and which has appropriate sections associated with the output requirements of each menu card item and arranged to present the co-ordinate information which has been digitised at the output of the computer in a form suitable for the table bug to follow.
  • This co-ordinate information output which is in the form of demand coordinates for the bug position at any instant of time, is compared with the co-ordinates of the bug 31 as indicated by the encoding devices on the x and y axis and the result of this comparison is used as an error signal to drive the x and y servo motors to move the bug to the position demanded by the computer at any instantaneous time.
  • the output programme for the computer is provided with appropriate sub-routines to interpolate the necessary output co-ordinates in 0.1 mm. increments to produce a continuous line drawn feature in accordance with the chosen instruction item.
  • the appropriate operation of the retractable pen is also initiated by the output of the computer so that a drawing which has been digitised may be completely reproduced on a sheet of paper or other suitable material placed on the lower table 34.
  • this embodiment provides an interactive input/output table for the computer with which it is possible to digitise information, and on which a visual output may be drawn.
  • the programme of the computer is arranged so that a draw-out of information may be obtained whether it is in the core store or in long term storage on the output tape of the computer.
  • Any item required on a drawing which is standardised, such as a pipe fitting, a nut or bolt, or such as circuit symbols in electrical diagrams, or the like, may be made the subjects of a menu card item so that to digitise such an item it is only necessary to digitise its required position and enter the appropriate instruction from the menu card.
  • the symbol may be digitised point by point, as if it were part of the drawing, or the symbols may be made the subject of menu card items.
  • the digitising pen may be provided with a small keyboard by which such alphanumeric information (or other menu card items) may be keyed into the computer together with the coordinates of the position of the pen which are entered in the same manner as discussed previously.
  • the menu card also preferably includes erasure routines so that previously entered portions of a drawing may be erased from the computer stores.
  • the display 23 may be in the form of a scanned video display tube in which the presentation is re-written by each scan.
  • the video display should be obtained from a recorded video magnetic tape loop with each scan or frame of the video display being written from the stored data in the computer.
  • the computer is programmed so that when a moveable mechanism layout is digitised and displayed, each frame of the display may be written on the video tape with the mechanism in successive positions or configurations that it may assume, with the result that the mechanism may be shown in motion on the display tube.
  • the display can be made in colour.
  • FIG. 14 shows an alternative form of digitising pen which is particularly useful for sketching or drawing an item or layout on a sheet on the digitising surface 30 while at the same time entering the co-ordinate of salient points of the sketch or drawing.
  • This pen comprises a body 56 having two feet 57 which are provided with rotatable balls 58 so that the pen may be easily moved over the table surface 30.
  • a pen 53 is provided, preferably of a ball point type.
  • the pen is also provided with an electrical coil 54 concentric with the pen S3, and a push button 55 to enter data as discussed above with respect to the pen 40.
  • FIGS. 15 and 16 show a further type of digitising pen which is particularly arranged for high precision digitising.
  • This pen has a body 60 arranged to be supported on the table surface 30 by two fixed feet 61 and two resiliently mounted feet 62. It is provided with a finely pointed stylus 63 which may preferably be tipped with a sapphire tip to make and retain a fine point.
  • An electrical coil 64 concentric with the stylus 63 is also mounted on the coil together with a push button 65 both of which perform the same functions as the corresponding items on the pens discussed above.
  • the body 60 of this pen is rocked on the feet 61 which are rounded to that purpose, compressing the feet 62 to bring the stylus into contact with the table surface 30.
  • the resilient feet 62 are adjustable and are pre-set to ensure that the stylus 63 and its coil 64 are accurately normal to the table surface 30 when the stylus point is in contact therewith.
  • the body 60 is cut away in plan view and a magnifying lens 66 mounted thereon to afford a view of the stylus point from above and the left as seen in FIG. 6, and above and behind as seen in FIG. 7.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 shown an alternative arrangement of the input/output table unit in which the first or digitising table surface 70 and the second or draw-out table surface 71 are on opposite faces of a single table board 72.
  • the board 72 is pivotally mounted at each end on a stand 73 and locking means 74 is provided at one end whereby the table board 72 may be held either with the surface 70 upwards as shown in FIG. 9 for digitising, or with the surface 71 upwards as shown in FIG. 10 for reproducing digitised information in a draw-out.
  • drawing paper may be provided in a continuous roll for drawing out digitised information.
  • a supply roll (not shown) and a take-up roll (not shown) are mounted on or adjacent the second table surface so that the roll of paper may be passed over that surface between them.
  • the computer output programme is arranged to index the paper, by means of a suitable servo-system so that suc cessive digitised drawings or plans may be drawn out on the roll automatically. Suitable interlocking arrangements are provided to prevent operation of the bug 31 in the draw-out mode when the paper is indexing, and to cater for when the paper runs out.
  • the housing is supported on the rail 82 by means of air bearings to further reduce the friction and "stiction" of the housing on the rail.
  • the bug 31 may also be supported by air hearings on the bars 85, air being supplied to those bearings by means of suitable flexible piping. Again the three roller support of the housing 86 on the rail 103 may be replaced by air bearings. It is considered that air bearings are particularly advantageous in the support and guidance of the gantry arm 32 in view of the considerable mass thereof, but small improvements are gained from the use of air bearings for the bug 31 on the gantry arm.
  • the sensing coils 50 and 51 and the third coil 52 may be mounted in the pen on index member 40, and the sensing coil 43 may be mounted on the bug 31 to produce an exactly equivalent arrangement to that discussed above.
  • the first or digitising table surface 30 is hingedly mounted so that it may be raised to provide access to the mechanism of the bug drive and position encoders, suitable counter balance means being provided to facilitate this.
  • a digitising table unit comprising a first or digitising table surface, freely movable digitising index member which may be placed at any chosen position within the area of the first table surface, a bug mounted below the first table surface to be movable along x and y axes by means of servo-motors to a position corresponding to the position of the digitising pen when the pen is place on the first table surface, encoding means arranged so that the x and y coordinates of the position of the bug and therefore the pen is converted into electrical signals indicative of that position, a second table surface occupying a plane parallel to that of the first table surface and located in a position below the area of the first table surface, and retractable pen means mounted on the bug and engageable with the second table surface whereby movement of the bug may trace out a representation on the second table surface.
  • said encoding means comprises an x axis rotary encoder and a y axis rotary encoder, and said encoders are each driven respectively from said gantry arm and said bug by means of a flexible looped element extending around a further pair of pulleys disposed one at each end of the respective slideways, said looped elements being attached respectively to the gantry arm and the bug and one of the respective pairs of pulleys driving the respective encoder.
  • each said looped element is wound around the respective one of said pairs of pulleys for a plurality of turns.
  • a table unit as claimed in claim 1 comprising an indexable pen carrier mounted on said bug and a plurality of pens in said carrier, said carrier being indexable under the control ofa computer to bring a selected one into operation.
  • said index member includes means to support it on said digitising surface and a finely pointed member for indicating a chosen position, and further includes optical magnifying means for a user to view the area of the digitising surface beneath said pointed member.
  • a combination comprising a digital computer, an input digitising table and an interface means connecting the table to the computer, the table comprising a first or digitising table surface, a freely movable digitising index member which may be placed at any chosen position within the area of the first table surface, a bug mounted below the first table surface to be movable along x and y axes by means of servo-motors to a position corresponding to the position of the digitising pen when the pen is placed on the first table surface, encod-

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US00210763A 1970-12-22 1971-12-22 Computer input/output equipment Expired - Lifetime US3763479A (en)

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US4504838A (en) * 1980-11-27 1985-03-12 Alps Electric Co., Ltd. Multi-color pen recorder
US4725978A (en) * 1983-05-30 1988-02-16 Ichiro Fujioka Graphic pattern inputting apparatus
US5457434A (en) * 1994-03-31 1995-10-10 At&T Global Information Solutions Company Integrated circuit oscillator with high voltage feedback network
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US20070170140A1 (en) * 2006-01-24 2007-07-26 Asm Technology Singapore Pte Ltd Gantry positioning system
CN113524953A (zh) * 2021-08-27 2021-10-22 马前进 一种道路路线模拟绘制装置

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DE3129470C2 (de) * 1981-07-25 1984-08-09 Fa. J.S. Staedtler, 8500 Nürnberg Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Aufnehmen und Wiedergeben beliebiger Darstellungen mit einer Schreib- oder Zeichenmaschine
GB2129175B (en) * 1982-10-26 1986-04-30 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Draughting machine
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US4488159A (en) * 1982-05-01 1984-12-11 Alps Electric Co. Ltd Pen switching mechanism in drum plotters
US4725978A (en) * 1983-05-30 1988-02-16 Ichiro Fujioka Graphic pattern inputting apparatus
US5457434A (en) * 1994-03-31 1995-10-10 At&T Global Information Solutions Company Integrated circuit oscillator with high voltage feedback network
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2163950A1 (de) 1972-07-06
FR2118997A1 (de) 1972-08-04
CA955218A (en) 1974-09-24
GB1368965A (en) 1974-10-02
FR2118997B1 (de) 1973-06-29

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