US3762447A - Cold-transporting apparatus - Google Patents

Cold-transporting apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3762447A
US3762447A US00136410A US3762447DA US3762447A US 3762447 A US3762447 A US 3762447A US 00136410 A US00136410 A US 00136410A US 3762447D A US3762447D A US 3762447DA US 3762447 A US3762447 A US 3762447A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
tube
inner tube
bore
cold
elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00136410A
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English (en)
Inventor
J Holland
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
US Philips Corp
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US Philips Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by US Philips Corp filed Critical US Philips Corp
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Publication of US3762447A publication Critical patent/US3762447A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
    • F16L9/18—Double-walled pipes; Multi-channel pipes or pipe assemblies
    • F16L9/19—Multi-channel pipes or pipe assemblies
    • F16L9/20—Pipe assemblies
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F02G1/053—Component parts or details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
    • F16L59/06—Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
    • F16L59/12—Arrangements for supporting insulation from the wall or body insulated, e.g. by means of spacers between pipe and heat-insulating material; Arrangements specially adapted for supporting insulated bodies
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
    • F16L59/14—Arrangements for the insulation of pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L59/141—Arrangements for the insulation of pipes or pipe systems in which the temperature of the medium is below that of the ambient temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2243/00—Stirling type engines having closed regenerative thermodynamic cycles with flow controlled by volume changes
    • F02G2243/02—Stirling type engines having closed regenerative thermodynamic cycles with flow controlled by volume changes having pistons and displacers in the same cylinder
    • F02G2243/04—Crank-connecting-rod drives
    • F02G2243/08—External regenerators, e.g. "Rankine Napier" engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2254/00—Heat inputs

Definitions

  • a cold-transporting apparatus compnses a system of ay ct er an S 7 07 ducts including an outer tube having within it a first tube through which flows cold-transporting medium of [52] U.S. Cl 138/113, 138/108, 16557525, 3 lower temperature, and a second tube through which flows cold-transporting medium of a higher tempera- [51] lnt.Cl. F161 9/18 ture.
  • the invention relates to a cold-transporting apparatus comprising a system of ducts having an outer tube in which in the axial direction thereof extend beside each other at least one first inner tube through which cold-transporting medium of a lower temperature can flow and at least one second inner tube through which cold-transporting medium of a higher temperature can flow.
  • a number of spacing members are present between the outer tube and the inner tubes for mutually spacing the said tubes.
  • a drawback of this construction is that during operation of the device a comparatively large amount of thermal energy flows from the second inner tube which is at a higher temperature to the first inner tube which is at a lower temperature, due to conduction via the spacing members in the form of plates, which involves an undesirable reduction of the cold capacity of the transporting medium in the first inner tube.
  • the plates are preferably manufactured from a material which poorly conducts heat.
  • the invention is based on the recognition of the fact that a reduction of the flow of thermal energy can be obtained by considerably increasing the distance which the thermal energy has to cover to come from the second to the first inner tube, and thereby considerably increasing the thermal resistance.
  • each spacing member is constituted by an assembly of at least one first and at least one second supporting element, which elements extend mainly transverse to the axial direction and, viewed in the axial direction, are mutually spaced, said supporting elements being connected together via an elongate connection element which poorly conducts thermal energy and extends mainly in the axial direction, each of the supporting elements having such a shape, that the first supporting element contacts only the first of the two inner tubes and holds said first tube in its place relative to the outer tube, the second supporting element contacting only the second of the two inner tubes and holding said second inner tube in its place relative to the outer tube.
  • connection element has a low coefficient of thermal conductivity and, in the direction of flow of the thermal energy, a large length with a small cross-section, the thermal resistance of said element is high and only a very small heat transport from the second to the first inner tube takes place.
  • the supporting elements are constituted by flat plates each comprising a bore in which the relevant inner tube can be held in its place and comprising a recess for the freely passing inner tube, said plates being connected together via a hollow pipe.
  • a further favorable embodiment of the device accordng to the invention is characterized in that the supporting elements and the connection elements are manufactured from the same poorly heat-conducting material. Only one starting material for both the supporting elements and the connection elements is of course advantageous. Moreover, it is possible in a number of 5 cases to compose the spacing members not from the components of the same material but to manufacture them in one operation as one assembly.
  • the material is stainless steel.
  • Stainless steel is comparatively cheap, has a low coefficient of thermal conductivity, can be realized in the form of pipes in all kinds of diameters and wall thicknesses, and can be readily machined. Connection of stainless steel spacing members to the inner tubes can be carried out by soldering or welding.
  • FIG. la is a fragmentary elevation view of a system of ducts of this invention.
  • FIG. lb is a cross-sectional view taken along line Il of FIG. Ia.
  • FIG. 1c is an elevation view of a spacing member of FIG. la.
  • FIG. 1d is an end view of FIG. lc.
  • FIG. 2a is an elevation view in section of a cold gas refrigerator combined with a cold transport apparatus of this invention.
  • FIG. 2b is a front elevation view enlarged of a portion of FIG. 2a.
  • FIG. is an end view of FIG. 2b, taken along line IIII of FIG. 2b.
  • FIG. 2d is an elevation view of a spacing member of FIG. 2b.
  • FIG. 2e is an end view of FIG. 2d taken along line III- III of FIG. 2d.
  • FIG. 1a denotes a system of ducts of a cold-transporting apparatus (not shown), which system comprises an outer tube 2, within which a first inner tube 3 and a second inner tube 4 extend beside each other in the axial direction.
  • a spacing member 5 which consists of a first supporting plate 6 and a second supporting plate 7 which are rigidly secured together by means of a pipe 8 of a poorly heat conducting material, for example, stainless steel.
  • the plates 6 and 7 are identical, each have a bore 9 and 9Lrespectively and 10. respectively and a recess 10, and are arranged around the axis of the pipe 8 while rotated 180 relative to each other.
  • the first inner tube 3 is spaced apart relative to the outer tube 2 in the bore 9 of the first supporting plate 6, and via recess of the second supporting plate 7, it extends along said plate without contacting it.
  • the second inner tube 4 is spaced from the outer tube 2 in the bore 9' of the second supporting plate 7 and, via the recess 10 of the first supporting plate 6, it extends along said plate without contacting it.
  • Plate 6 contacts outer tube 2 via narrow legs 6a, 6b and plate 7 contacts outer tube 2 via narrow legs 7a and 7b.
  • first inner tube 3 During operation of the cold-transporting apparatus, transport of cold at lower temperature takes place through the first inner tube 3 by means of a coldtransporting medium flowing through said tube. Transport of cold at higher temperature takes place simultaneously through the second inner tube 4, likewise by a cold transporting medium flowing through this tube.
  • the first inner tube 3 then has a lower temperature than the second inner tube 4. Heat transfer by conductivity from the warmer inner tube 4 to the colder inner tube 3 can take place only via successively the supporting plate 7, the pipe 8 and the supporting plate 6. As a result of the long conductivity path of the pipe 8 of poorly heat conducting material and of comparatively small cross-section, heat transport by conductivity is substantially entirely prevented.
  • FIG. 2a shows a cold-transporting apparatus which is incorporated between a cold-gas refrigerator and an object to be cooled.
  • Reference numeral 11 denotes a two-stage cold-gas refrigerator which comprises a piston l2 and a displacer 13 which consists of two parts 131 and 13" of different diameters.
  • the piston 12 and the displacer 13 are connected to a driving mechanism (not shown) by a piston rod 14 and a displacer rod 15, respectively, the driving mechanism being capable of moving the piston and the displacer with a mutual phase difference.
  • a compression space 16 which communicates with an intermediate expansion space 20 via a cooler 17, a first regenerator 18, and a first freezer 19.
  • the intermediate expansion space 20 communicates via a second regenerator 21 and a second freezer 22 with a final expansion space 23.
  • this coldgas refrigerator supplies cold at a temperature of approximately 70 K, while in the final expansion space 23 cold is supplied at a temperature of approximately 20 K.
  • the device comprises a system of ducts 24 which at one end is in a heat exchanging relationship with the second freezer 22 at 25, and at the other end can exchange heat with an object (not shown) at 26.
  • the system of ducts 24 comprises a cold-transporting medium which is circulated by a pump 27.
  • a wall 28 is provided and the space within the wall 28 can be evacuated.
  • said walls are screened from the wall 28 by radiation screens 29 and 30 which are shown diagrammatically.
  • the radiation screen 30 has a tubular construction and is in a heat-conducting contact with a further system of ducts 31 which also comprises a coldtransporting medium which is also circulated by the pump 27 and which cools the radiation screen 30.
  • the further system of ducts 31 is for that purpose in a heat exchanging relationship with the first freezer 19 at 32.
  • Spacing members 33 are secured between the tubular radiation screen 30, the system of ducts 24 which is at a lower temperature during operation, and the system of ducts 31 which is at a higher temperature during op eration. For clarity this is not shown in FIG. 2a but for one spacing member separately this is shown in the front elevation of FIG. 2b and in the side elevation of FIG. 2c.
  • Spacing member 33 consists of a pipe 34 to which in the center a first supporting element 35 and at the ends second supporting elements 36 are secured.
  • the first supporting element 35 is of such a shape that the two parts of the duct of the further system of ducts 31 which is at a higher temperature are guided past it and comprises two bores 37 in which the two parts of the duct of the system of ducts 24 which is at a lower temperature are held in their places.
  • the second supporting element 36 is of such a shape that the two parts of the duct of the system of ducts 24 which is at a lower temperature are guided past it.
  • the second supporting element 36 furthermore comprises a bore 38, in which one part of the duct of the further system of ducts which is at the higher temperature is spaced from the radiation screen 30 and comprises a recess 39 in which the other part of the duct of the further system of ducts is incorporated. This latter part of the duct is also secured to the radiation screen 30 to cool said screen.
  • the recess 39 is present instead of a bore.
  • the diameter of the first supporting element 35 is smaller than that of second supporting elements 36, as a result of which only the two second supporting elements 36 are in direct contact with the radiation screen 30.
  • Cold transport apparatus comprising an outer tube having a bore defined by inner walls thereof, a first inner tube axially positioned within said bore and transversely spaced from the walls thereof, second inner tube axially positioned within said bore and spaced transversely from the walls thereof and from the first inner tube, at least one spacing member means comprising first and second support elements, axially spaced apart and each extending generally transverse of said tubes axes, the first support element engaging only and maintaining separate the first inner tube and said bore walls, the second support element engaging only and maintaining separate the second inner tube and said bore walls, and a connection element having low thermal conductivity and extending axially between and engaging said first and second support elements, whereby the first and second inner tubes are in contact only via a path including both support elements and the connecting element therebetween.
  • each of said supporting elements comprises a generally flat plate having a bore through which extends and in which is engaged one of said inner tubes, and a recess through with the other of said inner tubes passes axially.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
US00136410A 1970-05-25 1971-04-22 Cold-transporting apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3762447A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL7007560A NL7007560A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-05-25 1970-05-25

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3762447A true US3762447A (en) 1973-10-02

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ID=19810152

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00136410A Expired - Lifetime US3762447A (en) 1970-05-25 1971-04-22 Cold-transporting apparatus

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US3762447A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS527193B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE767555A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA937513A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH529966A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2093702A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1332243A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7007560A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE360459B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4135401A (en) * 1977-11-23 1979-01-23 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Temperature measurement system for hollow shaft interiors
US4303105A (en) * 1979-09-28 1981-12-01 Kabel-Und Metallwerke Gutehoffnungshuette Ag Insulated transmission line for cryogenic media
US5458438A (en) * 1991-09-06 1995-10-17 Foam Enterprises, Inc. Insulating pipe spacers
US5641005A (en) * 1994-12-02 1997-06-24 Gas Research Institute System and method for charging a container with pressurized gas
FR2788327A1 (fr) * 1999-01-12 2000-07-13 Air Liquide Ligne de transfert de fluide cryogenique et utilisation pour le transfert d'helium liquide
FR2803898A1 (fr) * 2000-01-14 2001-07-20 Air Liquide Lignes de transfert de fluide cryogenique et utilisation pour le transfert d'helium liquide
WO2018208246A1 (en) * 2017-05-12 2018-11-15 Worthington Aritas Basincli Kaplar Sanayi Anonim Sirketi Piping system for cryogenic product tanks

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2297165A (en) * 1940-11-26 1942-09-29 Superheater Co Ltd Tube band
US2504478A (en) * 1945-11-13 1950-04-18 William J Whatley Support for coaxial fluid conduits
US2664112A (en) * 1949-02-07 1953-12-29 Alexander H Isenberg Spacer plate for pipes in insulated conduits
US3417785A (en) * 1965-10-14 1968-12-24 Seefore Corp Pipe support
US3543355A (en) * 1968-07-05 1970-12-01 Charles A Wyckoff Connector for tubular golf club bag separators

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2297165A (en) * 1940-11-26 1942-09-29 Superheater Co Ltd Tube band
US2504478A (en) * 1945-11-13 1950-04-18 William J Whatley Support for coaxial fluid conduits
US2664112A (en) * 1949-02-07 1953-12-29 Alexander H Isenberg Spacer plate for pipes in insulated conduits
US3417785A (en) * 1965-10-14 1968-12-24 Seefore Corp Pipe support
US3543355A (en) * 1968-07-05 1970-12-01 Charles A Wyckoff Connector for tubular golf club bag separators

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4135401A (en) * 1977-11-23 1979-01-23 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Temperature measurement system for hollow shaft interiors
US4303105A (en) * 1979-09-28 1981-12-01 Kabel-Und Metallwerke Gutehoffnungshuette Ag Insulated transmission line for cryogenic media
US5458438A (en) * 1991-09-06 1995-10-17 Foam Enterprises, Inc. Insulating pipe spacers
US5641005A (en) * 1994-12-02 1997-06-24 Gas Research Institute System and method for charging a container with pressurized gas
FR2788327A1 (fr) * 1999-01-12 2000-07-13 Air Liquide Ligne de transfert de fluide cryogenique et utilisation pour le transfert d'helium liquide
EP1020678A1 (fr) * 1999-01-12 2000-07-19 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Ligne de transfert de fluide cryonégique et utilisation pour le transfert d'hélium liquide
US6354090B1 (en) 1999-01-12 2002-03-12 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Transfer line for cryogenic fluid and its use for the transfer of liquid helium
FR2803898A1 (fr) * 2000-01-14 2001-07-20 Air Liquide Lignes de transfert de fluide cryogenique et utilisation pour le transfert d'helium liquide
WO2018208246A1 (en) * 2017-05-12 2018-11-15 Worthington Aritas Basincli Kaplar Sanayi Anonim Sirketi Piping system for cryogenic product tanks

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH529966A (de) 1972-10-31
JPS527193B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-02-28
NL7007560A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-11-29
DE2121614B2 (de) 1975-12-18
SE360459B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-09-24
GB1332243A (en) 1973-10-03
BE767555A (fr) 1971-11-24
CA937513A (en) 1973-11-27
DE2121614A1 (de) 1971-12-02
FR2093702A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-01-28

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