US3759234A - Fuel system - Google Patents

Fuel system Download PDF

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Publication number
US3759234A
US3759234A US00201849A US3759234DA US3759234A US 3759234 A US3759234 A US 3759234A US 00201849 A US00201849 A US 00201849A US 3759234D A US3759234D A US 3759234DA US 3759234 A US3759234 A US 3759234A
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United States
Prior art keywords
fuel
conduit
duct
engine
mixing zone
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00201849A
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English (en)
Inventor
K Buckton
I Fraser
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Exxon Mobil Corp
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Exxon Corp
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Publication date
Priority claimed from GB4097067A external-priority patent/GB1217347A/en
Application filed by Exxon Corp filed Critical Exxon Corp
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Publication of US3759234A publication Critical patent/US3759234A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/08—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding fuel vapours drawn from engine fuel reservoir
    • F02M25/0854—Details of the absorption canister

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Fuel vapors from the fuel system of an internal combus- June 21, Great Britain [ion engine are absorbed in the uppermost layer of a July 9, 1967 Great Britain 40,970/67 bod f material capable of reversibly absorbing fuel vapors. Desorption of the material occurs during en- U.S. Cl. 123/136, 123/120 gine operation,
  • the present invention relates to fuel systems for internal combustion engines. More particularly this invention concerns liquid fuel systems for engines which utilise a combustible mixture of fuel and an oxidant.
  • the liquid fuel In order to form a relatively homogeneous fueloxidant mixture, it is desirable in many instances for the liquid fuel to be relatively volatile.
  • the combustion of the fuel-oxidant mixture during the operation of the engine produces heat which tends to volatilise the lighter constituents of the fuel. If the engine is stopped after a period of operation, the fuel adjacent the engine continues to receive heat and to volatilise, and it is necessary to allow the volatilised fuel to escape to avoid any increase in the pressure in the fuel system.
  • the present invention provides a fuel system for an internal combustion engine comprising a reservoir for fuel, a duct having a mixing zone in which, in operation of the engine, the fuel is mixed with an oxidant (such as air) to form a combustible mixture which passes through the duct to the engine, a body of material which is capable of reversibly absorbing fuel volatilised from the reservoir, first means which enable the reservoir to communicate with the body of absorbent material, second means which enable the body of absorbent material to communicate with the mixing duct. upstream of the mixing zone, and third means enabling the body of absorbent material to communicate with the oxidant at substantially its full static pressure.
  • an oxidant such as air
  • absorbing is intended to include both physical absorption and the physicochemical phenomenon of adsorption. Reversibly absorbing is intended to convey that the absorption is reversible.
  • Oxidant When the oxidant is passing through the mixing duct, there is a depression in its pressure relative to the pres sure in the reservoir and the body of material. Oxidant will be drawn from the third means through the body of material into the duct and thus serve to carry desorbed fuel through the second means towards the mixing duct.
  • the first means comprises a first conduit having one end at or near the upper end of the body of material
  • the second means comprises a second conduit which has one end at or near the lower end of the body of absorbent material
  • the said one end of the first conduit lies between the said one end of the second means and the third means.
  • the oxidant also passes downwardly from the third to the second means, thus desorbing fuel from the top of the body of material first, so that the top is relatively free of fuel and capable of absorbing more fuel vapour passing out of the first means, when the passage of oxidant diminishes or ceases.
  • the disposition of the said one end of the first means at or near the upper end of the body of material enables the oxidant, usually air, to communicate with the carburettor bowl through the first means with substantially no pressure drop due to the body of material.
  • the performance of a carburettor designed for operation in a previously known fuel system devoid of a body of absorbent material will be substantially unchanged when incorporated in a fuel system in accordance with the invention.
  • the second conduit preferably has a part which extends upwardly substantially to the level of the upper end of the body of absorbent material.
  • the said part of the second conduit serves, in effect, as one upwardly extending limb of a U-tube, of which the other limb is provided by the body of material.
  • Heavy fuel vapour forms a trapped layer in the U-tube, the top of the layer being substantially no higher than the level of the upper end of the body of material. The trapping of the fuel vapour increases the chance of absorption of the vapour by the body of material.
  • the body of material may be disposed in a container and the third means may be provided by an orifice in the container.
  • the second means comprises a valve which provides a path for any fuel volatilised from the reservoir to pass to the body of absorbent material when the pressure in the mixing duct is greater than a selected pressure, and which interupts the path when the pressure in the mixing duct is less than the selected pressure and provides an alternative path for any volatilised fuel to pass directly from the reservoir to the mixing duct upstream of the mixing zone.
  • the duct may incorporate a throttle control for regulating the fuel-oxidant flow to the engine and the said valve may operate in accordance with the pressure downstream of the throttle control.
  • the reservoir referred to may be either the carburettor bowl or the tank or both.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically one form of fuel system in accordance with the invention, for use in a carburetted automobile engine
  • FIG. 2 shows a part of FIG. I to a larger scale
  • FIG. 3 depicts an alternative construction of the part of FIG. 2, and
  • FIG. 4 shows another form of fuel system in accordance with the invention.
  • the fuel system is generally indicated by reference 10 and comprises an air-filter ll of known type, a choke tube 12, into which air from the filter 11 is drawn when the engine (not shown) is in operation, a carburettor 13 comprising a bowl 14, which serves as a reservoir forthe gasoline fuel, and one or more jets providing communication between the carburettor and a narrow mixing zone 16 of the choke tube 12.
  • the fuel is supplied to the carburettor 13 from a main storage tank or reservoir 17 by a pump 18 and the level of fuel in the carburettor bowl 14 is substantially maintained by a well-known valve-and-float mechanism (not shown).
  • the passage of air through the choke tube 12 causes a fall in the static pressure in the tube 12 as compared with the pressure in the carburettor 13 and gasoline is induced through the jet(s) 15 into the zone 16 of tube 12 where it mixes with air to form a combustible mixture.
  • the combustible mixture passes to the engine via an intake manifold 19, the quantity of this mixture being regulated by a butterfly valve 41 upstream of the manifold 19.
  • the fuel system 10 further comprises an open-topped container or canister 20 containing a bed 21 of charcoal granules.
  • a perforated pipe 22 is disposed at the top of, and just within, the bed and connected by a tube 23 to the top of the carburettor 13.
  • the vapours pass via the tube 23 and a perforated pipe 22 into the top of the bed 21. Since the gasoline vapours will be very largely heavier than air, they tend to sink from the pipe 22 downwardly through the charcoal bed 21 where they will be trapped and at least partially absorbed. Substantially none of the gasoline vapours will rise upwardly from the perforated pipe 22, but a thin layer of charcoal is provided above the perforated pipe 22 to ensure that any vapours which do tend to rise due to unusual operating conditions will have their upward passage resisted and may be absorbed in the thin layer or deflected downwardly. In practice, a significant amount of gasoline is vapourised from the carburettor during the so-called hot soak period of about half an hour following operation of the engine.
  • the perforated pipe By disposing the perforated pipe at or near the top of the bed 21, it is ensured that efficient utilisation of the bed by the descending vapours takes place. Furthermore, the disposition of the perforated tube 22 substantially at the top of the bed 21 of charcoal enables air to be drawn into the carburettor 13 via the tube 23 and the perforated tube 22 from the open top of the canister 20 with substantially no impedance to its passage: accordingly, the carburettor 13 need. not be particularly adapted for incorporation in the fuel system in accordance with the invention as variations of pressure can take place within the carburettor substantially as freely as in the absence of the canister 20 and the interconnecting tubes 22,23.
  • the lower end of the canister 20 is connected to the air filter 11 by a tube 24 which extends from the bottom of the canister 20 at least to the level of the top of the canister 20 before its connection to the air filter 11.
  • a tube 24 which extends from the bottom of the canister 20 at least to the level of the top of the canister 20 before its connection to the air filter 11.
  • the depression of air pressure in the air-filter 11 is communicated to the bottom of the canister 20, causing air to be drawn downwardly through the charcoal bed 21 from the open top of the canister 20.
  • the air upsets the absorption equi librium of the vapours and the charcoal in the bed 21 and causes gasoline vapours to be de-sorbed and entrained in the air.
  • the air and the entrained vapours pass via the tube 24 to the air filter 11 and thence through the choke tube 12 to the engine.
  • the effect is as if the tube 24 and the canister 21 ⁇ are the limbs of a U-tube ensuring that any vapours which arrive in the canister 20 from the perforated tube 22 will be trapped, very largely in the canister 20, and unable to escape of their own accord either via the open top of the canister 20 or via the tube 24.
  • the charcoal bed 21 will thus have an improved change of absorbing the gasoline vapours.
  • the degree of de-sorption of vapours from the bed 2] depends on the rate of air-flow through the canister 20, which in turn depends upon the depression of pressure and the rate of air flow in the air filter 11.
  • the air flow in the filter 11 is greatest during acceleration or high speed operation of the engine, and it is believed that the amount of de-sorbed fuel entering the engine from the air filter 1 1 under such conditions is so small in proportion to the fuel from the jet(s) 15 that no significant change takes place in the hydrocarbon or carbon monoxide content of the engine exhaust gas.
  • the air passing through the canister 20, the bed 21 and the tube 24 to the air filter does not substantially change the quantity of air which would otherwise be induced by the engine.
  • the air passing through the canister 20 may initially de-sorb considerable quantities of gasoline which 'may then constitute a significant proportion of the air vapour stream reaching the air filter 1 1.
  • the tube 241 may incorporate a calibrated orifice 25 to restrict the rate of flow to the air filter 11.
  • the fuel system 111 further comprises a tube 26 connecting the air space of the fuel tank 17 with a perforated pipe 27 disposed adjacent the perforated pipe 22 at, or just beneath, the top of the bed 21.
  • the cap 28 closing the filling tube 29 of the tank 17 is devoid of the usual breather orifice. Vapours from the tank 17 enter the tube 26 and pass via pipe 27 into the bed 21 where they are trapped and adsorbed, at least in part. Desorption of the vapours takes place in the manner described in relation to vapours originating from the carburettor 13.
  • An expansion tank 67 is incorporated in the tube 26 to prevent the passage of liquid gasoline into the canister 20 from the tank 17. Liquid gasoline might otherwise tend to pass through tube 26 due to splashing in the tank 17, or due to thermal expansion of vapour in the tank 17 forcing liquid gasoline into the tube 26, particularly when the tank 17 is full and the automobile in which the fuel system 111 is installed is on a steep slope.
  • F10. 2 shows the canister 20 in greater detail.
  • the perforated pipes 22 and 27 may be of any convenient configuration, e.g., ring-like or spiral: one convenient fonn resembles, apart from the perforations, the pressure tube of a Bourdon-type gauge, and the pipes 22,27 may be concentrically arranged in the same plane.
  • the perforated tube 27 from the fuel tank 17 has been arranged to surround the perforated tube 22 from the carburettor 13.
  • the bed 21 comprises about 700 grams of coco-nut charcoal resting on a screen 3H ofinert, fine mesh, textile material supported by a dished metal mesh screen 32.
  • the top of the bed 21 is similarly confined by a screen 33 of fine mesh textile material, with a thin metal mesh screen 34 pressed down on the screen 33 by the action of a resilient metal mesh packing 35 trapped under the top of the canister. The pressure of the packing 35 prevents movement of the charcoal granules in the bed 21 so as to minimise attrition.
  • the tube 24 is of plastics material reinforced with nylon thread.
  • FIG. 3 Another form of canister 20 shown in FIG. 3 is similar to that of FIG. 2 but differs in that the upwardly extending part of tube 24 is disposed within the canister 20 instead of outside.
  • the upwardly extending part of the tube 24 may be integral with the canister 20.
  • FIG. 4 shows a fuel system 100 basically similar to the system of FIG. 1, but incorporating a pressurebalance valve 37 in the tube 23.
  • the valve 37 comprises a plunger 38 urged to the left (as viewed in FIG. 3) by a spring 39.
  • the plunger 38 moves against the spring 39 when the pressure on its right-hand face (as viewed in FIG. 3) is reduced.
  • a pipe 40 communicates the pressure in the manifold 19 from downstream of a throttle control butterfly valve 41 to the righthand side of the plunger 38.
  • the plunger 38 will move to the right.
  • valve member 42 Attached to the left-hand face of the plunger 38 is a valve member 42 which moves in a chamber 43 communicating with the choke tube 12 upstream of the jet(s) via a tube 44.
  • An apertured plate 45 in the valve 37 provides communication between the left and right-hand parts of the tube 23 on each side of the valve 37.
  • valve member 42 closes the entrance to the tube 44 and any vapours generated in the carburettor 13 will pass through the aperture in the plate 45 along tube 23 to the canister where they are trapped and absorbed in the manner previously described. These vapours can be de-sorbed later in the same manner as described in relation to FIG. 1.
  • the plunger 38 moves to the right causing the valve member 42 to close the aperture in the plate 45 so that any vapours from the carburettor are drawn along the left-hand parts of the tube 23 through the chamber 43 and the tube 44 and into the choke tube 12 from where they proceed to the engine.
  • vapours arising in the carburettor 13 are drawn directly into the engine in stead of passing first to the canister 20.
  • the vapours are absorbed in the canister 20 as described in relation to FIG. I.
  • Some European automobile engines are provided with a carburettor vent which communicates with the choke tube so that vapours arising in the carburettor will pass to the choke tube during engine operation.
  • the embodiment of Figure incorporates such a vent (corresponding to the left-hand part of tube 23 and tube 44) so that carburettors of this type may be employed in a fuel system in accordance with this invention without substantially affecting the designed performance of the carburettor.
  • the vapour tube 26 from the fuel tank 17 incorporates an expansion tank 47 so as to minimise the risk of liquid fuel passing to the canister 20 and saturating the charcoal bed 21.
  • coco-nut charcoal has been specifically described hereinabove as the material in which fuel vapour is absorbed, it will be appreciated that other materials, such as coal or peat charcoal or silica gel, may also be employed.
  • a fuel system for an internal combustion engine comprising:
  • a mixing duct having a mixing zone in which, during operation of the engine, fuel is mixed with an oxidant (such as air) to form a combustible mixture which passes through the duct to the engine;
  • an oxidant such as air
  • a canister oriented in a vertical position and containing a body of material capable of reversibly absorbing fuel volatilized from the reservoir, said canister being open at its top at all times to the oxidant at its full static pressure;
  • a first conduit having one end connected to the vapor area of the reser voir and its other end comprises a tube having a plurality of apertures and is imbedded in the uppermost layer of the body of material, whereby heavier-than-air fuel vapors entering the canister will descend downwardly through and become adsorbed within said body of material;
  • a second conduit having its one end connected to the bottom of the container and its other end connected to the duct at a region upstream of the mixing zone;
  • any fuel volatilized from the reservoir passes through the first conduit to the container for adsorption in the body of material, and whereby when the engine is operating, oxidant at its full static pressure is drawn downwardly through the body of material from the open top of the container to desorb any fuel adsorbed in the body of material and the mixture of air and desorbed fuel is introduced, through the second conduit, to the duct upstream of the mixing zone, the rate of desorption of the fuel adsorbed in the body of material being proportional to the depression of pressure in the duct in the region upstream of the mixing zone.
  • the first conduit includes an expansion tank which is disposed in said first conduit intermediate said fuel reservoir and said canister.
  • the fuel reservoir comprises a fuel storage tank containing a filling orifice and a cap capable of sealing the orifice, said tank being sealed and not in communication with the atmosphere during such time that the cap seals the orifree.
  • the engine contains a throttle valve disposed in the duct downstream of the mixing zone;
  • the other first conduit includes a pressure balance valve disposed intermediate between the vapor area of the carburetor bowl and the body of material;
  • the system contains a third conduit which is connected at its one end to the pressure balance valve and at its other end to the duct in the region of the mixing zone;
  • the system contains a fourth conduit which is connected at its one end to the pressure balance valve and at its other end to the duct downstream of the mixing zone, said pressure balance valve having a member which is movable between a first position in which communication is permitted, through the pressure balance valve, between the vapor area of the carburetor bowl and the body of material, and communication is prevented be tween said other first conduit and said third conduit, and a second position in which communication is permitted, through the pressure balance valve, between the vapor area of the carburetor bowl and the region of the mixing zone of the duct, and communication is prevented between the vapor area of the carburetor bowl and the body of material, said pressure balance valve also containing spring means which bias the valve member to said first position whereby volatilized fuel from the vapor area of the carburetor bowl is introduced through said other first conduit into the body of material, the valve member being moved to said second position against said bias by a predetermined vacuum in said fourth conduit whereby volatilized fuel from the vapor area of the carburet

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Supplying Secondary Fuel Or The Like To Fuel, Air Or Fuel-Air Mixtures (AREA)
  • Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)
US00201849A 1967-06-21 1971-11-24 Fuel system Expired - Lifetime US3759234A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB2856367 1967-06-21
GB4097067A GB1217347A (en) 1967-06-21 1967-06-21 Fuel system for an internal combustion engine

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US3759234A true US3759234A (en) 1973-09-18

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US00201849A Expired - Lifetime US3759234A (en) 1967-06-21 1971-11-24 Fuel system

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US (1) US3759234A (de)
JP (1) JPS4929524B1 (de)
BE (1) BE716894A (de)
DE (2) DE1751160A1 (de)
FR (1) FR1570904A (de)
NL (1) NL154806B (de)
SE (1) SE336073B (de)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4026258A (en) * 1969-02-10 1977-05-31 Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Control device for regulating the amount of collected fuel and/or oil vapors which are delivered to the combustion chamber of an internal combustion
US4109464A (en) * 1977-06-09 1978-08-29 General Motors Corporation Vapor guard system
US4134378A (en) * 1977-10-03 1979-01-16 General Motors Corporation Balance tube fuel bowl vent system
US4175526A (en) * 1977-11-07 1979-11-27 Acf Industries, Incorporated Apparatus for venting fuel vapors from a carburetor fuel bowl
US4177779A (en) * 1977-07-20 1979-12-11 Ogle Thomas H W W P Fuel economy system for an internal combustion engine
US4191154A (en) * 1977-08-29 1980-03-04 Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Evaporated fuel vapor control device for use in an internal combustion engine
US4683862A (en) * 1986-04-14 1987-08-04 General Motors Corporation Fuel vapor storage canister
US4714485A (en) * 1986-04-14 1987-12-22 General Motors Corporation Fuel vapor storage canister
US20060096584A1 (en) * 2004-11-05 2006-05-11 Shears Peter D Integrated fuel tank and vapor containment system
US20060096583A1 (en) * 2004-11-05 2006-05-11 Shears Peter D Integrated fuel tank and vapor containment system
US7159577B2 (en) 2002-04-12 2007-01-09 Briggs And Stratton Corporation Stationary evaporative emission control system
US20070068388A1 (en) * 2005-09-27 2007-03-29 Shears Peter D Integrated air cleaner and vapor containment system
US7281525B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2007-10-16 Briggs & Stratton Corporation Filter canister family

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4058380A (en) * 1973-03-02 1977-11-15 Ford Motor Company Carbon cell

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3001519A (en) * 1960-08-08 1961-09-26 Gen Motors Corp Fuel vapor loss elimination system
US3191587A (en) * 1965-06-29 Device for controlling the hydrocar- bon evaporation losses from automo- tive vehicles
US3221724A (en) * 1964-01-27 1965-12-07 Gen Motors Corp Vapor recovery system

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3191587A (en) * 1965-06-29 Device for controlling the hydrocar- bon evaporation losses from automo- tive vehicles
US3001519A (en) * 1960-08-08 1961-09-26 Gen Motors Corp Fuel vapor loss elimination system
US3221724A (en) * 1964-01-27 1965-12-07 Gen Motors Corp Vapor recovery system

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
The Lamp, 30 Rockefeller Plaza NY, 10020 (pg. 21). *

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4026258A (en) * 1969-02-10 1977-05-31 Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Control device for regulating the amount of collected fuel and/or oil vapors which are delivered to the combustion chamber of an internal combustion
US4109464A (en) * 1977-06-09 1978-08-29 General Motors Corporation Vapor guard system
US4177779A (en) * 1977-07-20 1979-12-11 Ogle Thomas H W W P Fuel economy system for an internal combustion engine
US4191154A (en) * 1977-08-29 1980-03-04 Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Evaporated fuel vapor control device for use in an internal combustion engine
US4134378A (en) * 1977-10-03 1979-01-16 General Motors Corporation Balance tube fuel bowl vent system
US4175526A (en) * 1977-11-07 1979-11-27 Acf Industries, Incorporated Apparatus for venting fuel vapors from a carburetor fuel bowl
AU588443B2 (en) * 1986-04-14 1989-09-14 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Fuel vapour storage canister
US4714485A (en) * 1986-04-14 1987-12-22 General Motors Corporation Fuel vapor storage canister
US4683862A (en) * 1986-04-14 1987-08-04 General Motors Corporation Fuel vapor storage canister
US7159577B2 (en) 2002-04-12 2007-01-09 Briggs And Stratton Corporation Stationary evaporative emission control system
US20060096584A1 (en) * 2004-11-05 2006-05-11 Shears Peter D Integrated fuel tank and vapor containment system
US20060096583A1 (en) * 2004-11-05 2006-05-11 Shears Peter D Integrated fuel tank and vapor containment system
US7086390B2 (en) 2004-11-05 2006-08-08 Briggs & Stratton Corporation Integrated fuel tank and vapor containment system
US7185640B2 (en) 2004-11-05 2007-03-06 Briggs & Stratton Corporation Integrated fuel tank and vapor containment system
US20070068388A1 (en) * 2005-09-27 2007-03-29 Shears Peter D Integrated air cleaner and vapor containment system
US7435289B2 (en) 2005-09-27 2008-10-14 Briggs & Stratton Corporation Integrated air cleaner and vapor containment system
US7281525B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2007-10-16 Briggs & Stratton Corporation Filter canister family

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE716894A (de) 1968-12-20
SE336073B (de) 1971-06-21
NL6807359A (de) 1968-12-23
JPS4929524B1 (de) 1974-08-05
DE1751160A1 (de) 1971-05-13
DE1776278A1 (de) 1982-10-14
NL154806B (nl) 1977-10-17
FR1570904A (de) 1969-06-13

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