US3758968A - Apparatus for controlling the operating temperature of a continuous flat press - Google Patents

Apparatus for controlling the operating temperature of a continuous flat press Download PDF

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Publication number
US3758968A
US3758968A US00247044A US3758968DA US3758968A US 3758968 A US3758968 A US 3758968A US 00247044 A US00247044 A US 00247044A US 3758968D A US3758968D A US 3758968DA US 3758968 A US3758968 A US 3758968A
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temperature
steam
signal
pressing
developing
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US00247044A
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English (en)
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Y Uematsu
U Abe
K Ishizawa
Y Nagata
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
    • D06C15/00—Calendering, pressing, ironing, glossing or glazing textile fabrics
    • D06C15/10—Calendering, pressing, ironing, glossing or glazing textile fabrics between flat plates of a press
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
    • D06C2700/00—Finishing or decoration of textile materials, except for bleaching, dyeing, printing, mercerising, washing or fulling
    • D06C2700/17—Flat presses, pressing plates or heating devices for pressing plates

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A method of pressing a fabric in a press at a given temperature.
  • the temperature at which a fabric is pressed is set by developing a voltage corresponding to and representative of a desired or given temperature.
  • a second voltage is developed and varied in response to a signal developed by sensing the press plate temperature and developing from the two first-mentioned voltage signals an integrated reference voltage signal that seeks to approximate the voltage representative of the desired temperature for pressing.
  • This reference voltage is compared with another voltage developed by sensing the varying temperature of steam within a pressing plate of the press by which the pressing of the fabric is to be effected.
  • PATENTED SHEET 2 IF 5 F/GJ Steam Supply Pressure Buffering Tank Capacity PAtEmmsEPw 3758.968
  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for controlling the operating temperature of a continuous flat press utilizing steam as a heating medium.
  • the temperature of the pressing plate is controlled by using a Proportional or Proportional plus integral control system comprising means for detecting the surface or inside temperature of the press plate and means for regulating the quantity of steam supplied into the steam conduit formed in the pressing plate in accordance with a 'signal from the termperature detecting means by an actuating diaphragm valve or motor valve mounted on a steam-supply conduit.
  • the principal object of the present invention is to provide an improved method and apparatus for effectively controlling the operating temperature of a continuous flat press by applying thereto an on-off control system.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the main portion of a continuous flat press, partly in section,
  • FIG. 2 is also a schematic elevation of the main portion of the continuous flat press shown in FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 is a side elevation view, partly in section of an embodiment of a steam supply means together with a device for measuring temperature according to the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a side elevation view of a modified embodiment of the steam supply means shown in FIG. 3,
  • FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing the transient response of the temperature control system according to the invention which carries out the operation of the continuous flat press, according to the invention
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an automatic control system according to the invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic of a temperature adjustor in FIG. 6,
  • FIG. 8 is a plot of curves for explaining the operation of the apparatus and method according to the invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a plot of other curves for explaining the operation of the apparatus and method according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 a fabric 3 is passed between two movable papers 4 to and fro by guide rollers 5 five times so that five thicknesses may be pressed at one time.
  • the rollers 4 and fabric 3 are not moving, pressure is applied, and after a given time the pressure is released and the papers fall apart; in the above-mentioned operation a top pressing plate la, an intermediate pressing plate lb and a lower pressing plate 1c are heated by steam which is supplied into a meandering conduit formed in each plate.
  • 0 represents temperature of the press plate in C
  • C represents a specific heat of the press plate in Kcal/kg c
  • V represents an apparent capacity of the heat medium from its supply source to a position for detecting temperature in m
  • A represents a heat transmission area between the steam conduit and the pressing plate.
  • T is a time constant representing the speed of the heat transmission. Therefore:
  • the temperature of the pressing plate is controlled by applying a control system which comprises means for detecting the surface or inside temperature of the pressing plate and means for regulating the quantity of the supply steam into the steam conduit which is formed in the pressing plate in accordance with a signal of the temperature detecting means
  • the heat capacity (K) from its supply source to a position for detecting temperature is so large that T becomes very large, in other words, the time constant of the heat transmission becomes very large. Therefore, it is inevitable that a P or Pl control system must be applied to obtain a uniform operating temperature condition of the continuous flat press.
  • the only way to make the factor T small is by making the factor K small.
  • the point for detecting the temperature is set in the steam conduit, the above-mentioned purpose can be attained.
  • the principle of the present invention is based upon the abovementioned result of analysis.
  • the indicial response of the control system is improved considerably.
  • the operating temperature of the continuous flat press can be satisfactorily controlled by applying a simple on-off control system instead of utilizing a P or a PI control system.
  • each pressing plate 1 is provided with a meandering conduit 2 formed therein for supply of steam thereto.
  • the conduit 2 is connected to a steam supply conduit 6a.
  • the supply conduit 6a has two branch conduits 6b and 6c.
  • One branch conduit 6b is connected to a main conduit 6f for supplying steam through a flexible conduit 6d, a conduit 6e and a control valve 7.
  • the control valve 7 is operated automatically by a motion of an actuator 12.
  • the branch conduit 6c is provided with a thermometer 9 which is inserted thereinto so that the tip portion of the thermometer is directly inserted into the meandering conduit 2.
  • Another thermometer 10 is disposed in the pressing plate 1 parallel to the surface of the pressing plate.
  • temperature of the pressing plates 1 is predetermined so as to satisfactorily treat the fabric 3.
  • temperature in the steam conduit 2 is defined so that the desired temperature of the pressing plate 1 can be obtained.
  • the temperature in the steam conduit 2 is controlled by comparing the temperature detected by the thermometer 9 with the above-mentioned predetermined temperature in the steam conduit 2.
  • the above-mentioned predetermined temperature of the steam conduit 2 is a reference input of the control system according to the present invention.
  • the output signal of the thermometer 9 is transmitted to a control device 1 1 provided with an on-off control relay.
  • the output signal of the on-off control relay of the control device 11 is transmitted to the actuator 12, a conventional solenoid may be used as the above-mentioned actuator.
  • the actuator 12 closes the valve 7 so that the supply of steam into the steam conduit 2 is stopped. While on the other hand when the detected temperature is lower than the reference input, the opposite occurs.
  • the temperature in the steam conduit varies in accordance with the cycling operation of the control valve 7.
  • the temperature of the pressing plate 1 is lower than that in the steam conduit 2 because of the radiation of heat therefrom.
  • the temperature of the pressing plate 1 indicated by the thermometer 10 in the pressing plate 1 does not vary considerably because of the large time constant T.
  • the above-mentioned temperature variation in the steam conduit is integrated so that only the average value is indicated by the pressing plate thermometer 10. Therefore, if the indication of the pressing plate thermometer 10 is not in the desired condition, the reference input of the control system is adjusted so that the operation temperature of the continuous flat press is easily obtained in the desired uniform condition. This adjustment of the reference input may be operated by a manual or automatic control system.
  • the output signal of the thermometer 9 should be compared with a desired temperature of the pressing plate 1 by conventional means for comparing the detected temperature with the desired temperature, and the output signal of the above-mentioned comparing means is applied to the control device 11 so that the reference input is adjusted.
  • time for supplying the-steam into the conduit 2 is represented by :75.
  • FIG. 4 showing another embodiment of the steam supply means, a steam storage tank 8 is connected to the conduits 6d and 6e. Other elements having the same functions as those of elements shown in FIG. 3 are represented by the same numerals.
  • the steam storage tank 8 is used for buffering the steam supply, that is, the steam supplied from the steam Supply conduit 6f through the control valve 7 is first supplied into the steam storage tank 9 which has a comparatively large capacity. Next, the steam is supplied into the steam conduit 2. Therefore, the steam pressure is properly buffered before being supplied into the steam conduit 2 in accordance with the capacity of the tank 8 so that the steam is smoothly supplied into the meandering steam conduit 2 and the occurrence of the back pressure in the steam conduit is prevented.
  • the curve II in FIG. 5 represents the abovementioned case utilizing the tank 8.
  • the time from the on-signal temperature t -to the off-signal temperature 13,, which corresponds to the time ET; in the curve II is longer than that of the time ab in the curve I.
  • the absolute value of the peak temperature t, in the curve II is remarkably lower than that of the peak temperature a in the curve I, and the frequency of the on-off operation is also less than the frequency in the curve I.
  • the absolute value of the peak temperature is lowered and the frequency of the on-off control operation is also reduced. Therefore, the control operation of the operating temperature of a continuous flat press can be satisfactorily carried out so that an excellent pressing effect upon the fabric can be achieved.
  • the apparatus of the invention has an on-off control system 11 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • One example of the overall control system is illustrated in block form in FIG. 6.
  • the control system functions to maintain the proper pressing plate temperature by alternately opening and closing the control valve 7 according to a result obtained by comparing a signal corresponding to or representative of the temperature in the steam conduit with a reference input or set point in order to maintain the surface temperature of the pressing plate 1 at a predetermined and desired temperature.
  • t represents the pressing plate temperature desired, t, the temperature established by the ON-OFF controller which controls the temperature in the steam conduit, 1, the temperature in the steam conduit, t the temperature of the pressing plate.
  • the temperature t and t are determined by the thermal load the thermal conductivity of the pressing plate. Then the temperature t can be made coincident with the temperature I, desired by changing the temperature established by the ON-OFF controller and thereby changing the temperature in the steam conduit.
  • FIG. 7 shows one embodiment of the thermal control system shown in the block diagram of FIG. 6.
  • the pressing plate 1 is heated by the steam which is supplied via the steam conduit 2 via the control valve 7.
  • the temperature I, in this steam conduit 2 is detected by a thermometer 9 composed of platinum resistance material.
  • This thermometer 9 is connected to a converter 25 which is included in the ON- OFF controller and converts the value of electric resistance to a voltage.
  • the above-mentioned converter 25 compares the converted voltage e, and established value c, which corresponds to the target temperature t., in the steam conduit 2, the difference of these voltages e and e is amplified by an amplifier AMP-3 and characterized as to whether the difference is positive or negative by a discriminator 34, and the ON-OFF signal resulting from the discrimination is generated as an output of the ON- OFF controller 35.
  • the output of the ON-OFF controller 35 is converted to an ON-OFF pneumatic signal by an electro-pneumatic converter 12. This ON-OFF pneumatic signal is supplied to the control valve 7 which controls the supply of steam into the steam conduit 2.
  • thermometer l0 composed of platinum resistance material.
  • This thermometer 10 is connected to an auto-balancing recorder which records the temperature of the pressing plate.
  • This autobalancing recorder includes an auto-balancing mechanism using a servomotor 29 which rotates in accordance with the variation of the resistance of the thermometer 10, and displaces automatically a brush 20 of the potentiometer 28 so as to bring the input a of the amplifier AMP-l to zero, that is, the balanced condition. Accordingly, the position of the brush 20 corresponds to the value of the resistance in the thermometer 10, that is, to the value of the temperature of the pressing plate.
  • the brush 20 is connected directly to a brush 21 of a potentiometer 31, and the brush 21 displaces with the brush 20.
  • the sliding resistor 24 of a potentiometer 32 is connected in parallel with the sliding resistor 22 of the potentiometer 31.
  • the object of the potentiometer 32 is to establish the desired temperature of the pressing plate by the position of the brush 23.
  • the relation between the position of the brush 23 and the temperature to be established is predetermined. Namely, when the position of the brush 23 is established at point P as shown in FIG. 7, the voltage difference across 0? is b, and when the position of the brush 21 is at point n, the voltage difference across on is a.
  • the voltage a is equal to the voltage b, the temperature indicated by the position of the brush 20 in the auto-balancing recorder becomes the temperature established by the position P of the brush 23.
  • the voltage difference (ba) between the voltage b across OP in the potentiometer 32 and the voltage across m in the potentiometer 31 is supplied to the input terminal of an integrator 33 which is composed of a resistor R, a capacitor C and an amplifier AMP-2.
  • the integrator 33 integrates the input voltage (b-a) with a time constant determinedby the resistance R and the capacitance C, and the output e, of the integrator 33 is supplied to the ON-OFF controller as an establishing voltage.
  • FIG. 7 is only one example of the embodiment of the present invention, and the same result can also be obtained by the methods or apparatus as described below:
  • thermo-junction element thermo-junction element, liquid expansion element, etc.
  • thermal sensitive element which detects the temperature in the steam conduit or pressing plate.
  • a pneumatic recorder which records automatically the input electric signals such as the variation of the value of the electric resistance or the thermal electro motive force by converting these electric signals into a pneumatic signal also can be used as the automatic balancing recorder.
  • a controller which converts input electric signals to a pneumatic signal and controls the pneumatic signal in an ON-OFF manner can also be used as the ON-OFF controller.
  • an apparatus which amplifies the input voltage difference signal (a-b) which is the result of comparing the input signals in the potentiometer becomes balanced automatically by the servometer so as to bring the value of said difference input signal to zero, couples the rotation of the servo-motor to another potentiometer and establishes the output voltage of said potentiometer as the settling voltage of the ON-OFF controller, can be utilized.
  • the pressing plate 1 is required to possess sufficient mechanical strength to press the fabric under high pressure.
  • One example of the size of the iron pressing plate 1 is a plate having awidth of 1,200 mm with a length 1,800 mm and a thickness of 60 mm. If the diameter of the meandering steam conduit 2 disposed in the pressin g plate 1 is too large, the strength of the pressing plate 1 is lessened. So the diameter of the conduit 2 must be restricted and this necessarily limits the volume of the conduit 2. 1n the type of pressing plate having the dimensions as above described a conduit path having an inner diameter on the order of 20 mm will allow the pressing plate to have sufficient mechanical strength. Thus if the pressing plate has a width and length as indicated above, the length of the conduit can be about 20 meters; consequently the volume of the conduit is about 7 liters.
  • the response speed that is the time constant of the control system,-is small and conversely if the length of the conduit 2 is large the time lag, that is the dead time of the control system, is large so that the quality of the characteristic features of the control system cannot be satisfied.
  • the above-mentioned quality is represented by the controllable range of temperature.
  • L/T where L represents the dead time and T represents the time constant, exceeds a certain value, it is very difficult to make the controllable range of temperature small. Therefore, in the event that the pressing plate cannot utilize a steam conduit 2 having a sufficiently large volumn, the time constant T is very small. In the system according to FIG.
  • FIG. 8 The range of control of temperature results of apparatus and method according to the invention are illustrated in FIG. 8 where a linear curve A represents the characteristic curve of the on-off period while a linear curve B represents a characteristic curve of the controllable range of temperature plotted with the ordinate as steam supply pressure in grams.
  • the curves in FIG. 8 were obtained from an on-off control system of the type shown in FIG. 3 under the following conditions:
  • the diameter of the conduits 6a,6b,6d,6e,6f and 6g was three-fourths inches.
  • period of the on-off control action of the system is 12 seconds and the system is operated for 24 hours each day, the control device, and more particularly, the ultimate control element, the valve 7, will break down after continuous operation for 70 to days.
  • the value of L/T of the control system it is necessary to make the value of L/T of the control system smaller. That is, L should be increased and T decreased.
  • FIG. 9 The results obtained by using a control system of the type shown in FIG. 4 are illustrated in FIG. 9.
  • the curve A represents an on-off period while the curve B represents the range of controllable temperature. It can be seen from a study of the curves that if the volume V of the storage tank 8 is three times the volume of the steam conduit 2 the range of controllable temperature is about two-thirds that of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 and the on-off period will be about 3.3 times that of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3. Thus the life of the control valve 7 is increased by the same ratio.
  • a control method for controlling the temperature of said pressing plates being heated by supplying steam into conduit means formed therein by controlling supply of steam comprising:
  • a control method for controlling the temperature of pressing plates of a continuous flat press according to claim 1, further comprising buffering pressure of said supply steam before supply to said pressing plates.
  • a method of pressing a fabric comprising, developing a voltage signal representative of a desired temperature at which a fabric is to be pressed, sensing the tem perature of a press plate for pressing the fabric and developing a signal representative of the temperature of the plate, developing in conjunction with said desired temperature signal and the signal representative of the plate temperature a reference electrical signal, sensing the temperature of steam in the press and developing an electrical signal varying with variations of the temperature of said steam and representative of the temperature of the steam, comparing the reference electrical signal and the electrical signal representative of the temperature of the steam and developing therefrom a control signal for controlling flow of steam to said plate to maintain the press plate at a temperature for effecting said pressing of said fabric at said desired temperature, and directly on-off controlling said steam flow under control of said control signal to maintain said desired temperature.
  • a method of pressing a fabric according to claim 4 including counteracting a temperature rise at the press plate due to restriction of the flow of steam thereinto.
  • thermocouple 9. The combination according to claim 8, wherein said means for developing a first signal is a thermocouple.
  • said means for developing a first signal comprises a resistance thermometer bulb and a resistance-voltage transducer.
  • thermocouple 11. The combination according to claim 8, wherein said means for developing a second signal is a thermocouple.
  • said means for developing a second signal comprises a resistance thermometer bulb and a resistance-voltage transducer.
  • said comparison means comprises an automatic balancing recorder having a movable brush, a first potentiometer provided with a brush connected to a brush of said recorder, and a second potentiometer applied a voltage equal to a voltage of said first potentiometer.
  • said on-off controlling means comprises an electric circuit for comparing said first signal with an output of said adjusting means, an amplifier for amplifying an output of said electric circuit, a logic circuit to measure a plus or minus value of an output of said amplifier and developing an output therefrom, an on-off signal generator actuated by the output of said logic circuit.
  • a press for pressing a fabric having pressing plates; steam supply means to supply steam to said pressing plates to maintain them at a desired temperature; means to develop an electrical signal representative of a desired temperature at which said pressing plates are to be maintained; means including transducer means sensing the temperature of the steam supplied at said pressing plates developing automatically an electrical signal corresponding to the temperature of said steam supplied at said pressing plates; means including transducer means sensing the temperature of a pressing plate developing automatically a varying electrical signal corresponding to and representative of the temperature of said pressing plate; a control system having means receptive of said signal corresponding to said temperature of said steam at said pressing plate, means receptive of said varying signal including said means to develop said signal representative of said desired temperature including means developing a control signal controlling on" and off periods of said steam supplied to said pressing plates to maintain said pressing plates at said desired temperature, and means responding to said control signal controlling supply of said steam from said supply source to said pressing plates for periods maintaining said desired temperature of said pressing plates.
  • an automatic control method for controlling the temperature of each of said pressing plates being heated by supplying steam into conduit means formed therein comprising firstly selecting a reference temperature based upon the characteristics of the fabric to be pressed, setting said reference temperature in said conduit means as a reference input corresponding to the'desired temperature of said pressing plate, detecting the temperature of steam in said conduit means directly, on-off controlling of said steam supply into said conduit means in accordance with a signal resulting from a comparison between said reference input and said detected temperature, measuring the temperature of said flat press directly, comparing said temperature of said flat press with said desired temperature of said flat press and adjusting said input in accordance with the result of said comparison.
  • An automatic control method for controlling temperature of pressing plates of a continuous flat press according to claim 17, further comprising buffering the pressure of said supply steam before supplying steam into said conduit means.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Control Of Temperature (AREA)
US00247044A 1968-12-29 1972-04-24 Apparatus for controlling the operating temperature of a continuous flat press Expired - Lifetime US3758968A (en)

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JP9648068 1968-12-29

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US (1) US3758968A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (2) CH1924969A4 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2027289A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1291484A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL6919514A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3968581A (en) * 1974-08-06 1976-07-13 Fukuyuki Tsunoda Steam presser
US20070254554A1 (en) * 2004-06-02 2007-11-01 Steven Ellman Expression mechanism for a toy, such as a doll, having fixed or movable eyes
US20090031542A1 (en) * 2007-07-31 2009-02-05 Maria Francesca Marchesi Apparatus and method for compacting webs

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4274215A (en) 1979-01-09 1981-06-23 Western Automation Corporation Method of smoothing flat goods
US4302895A (en) 1979-01-09 1981-12-01 Western Automation Corporation Apparatus for processing table and bed linen

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2782536A (en) * 1953-09-04 1957-02-26 American Safety Table Co Conveyor pressing and ironing apparatus
US2874751A (en) * 1956-03-13 1959-02-24 Thermel Inc Temperature controlled press
US3286077A (en) * 1964-11-23 1966-11-15 Mc Graw Edison Co Heat-zoned press head
US3406472A (en) * 1966-08-15 1968-10-22 Alvin I. Solomon Electrically heated pressing machine
US3464130A (en) * 1967-02-17 1969-09-02 New York Pressing Machinery Co Pressing apparatus
US3609891A (en) * 1968-12-29 1971-10-05 Kanegafuchi Spinning Co Ltd Method and apparatus for pressing of textile fabric continuously

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2782536A (en) * 1953-09-04 1957-02-26 American Safety Table Co Conveyor pressing and ironing apparatus
US2874751A (en) * 1956-03-13 1959-02-24 Thermel Inc Temperature controlled press
US3286077A (en) * 1964-11-23 1966-11-15 Mc Graw Edison Co Heat-zoned press head
US3406472A (en) * 1966-08-15 1968-10-22 Alvin I. Solomon Electrically heated pressing machine
US3464130A (en) * 1967-02-17 1969-09-02 New York Pressing Machinery Co Pressing apparatus
US3609891A (en) * 1968-12-29 1971-10-05 Kanegafuchi Spinning Co Ltd Method and apparatus for pressing of textile fabric continuously

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3968581A (en) * 1974-08-06 1976-07-13 Fukuyuki Tsunoda Steam presser
US20070254554A1 (en) * 2004-06-02 2007-11-01 Steven Ellman Expression mechanism for a toy, such as a doll, having fixed or movable eyes
US20090031542A1 (en) * 2007-07-31 2009-02-05 Maria Francesca Marchesi Apparatus and method for compacting webs
WO2009015711A1 (en) * 2007-07-31 2009-02-05 Maria Francesca Marchesi Apparatus and method for compacting webs
US20090288277A1 (en) * 2007-07-31 2009-11-26 Maria Francesca Marchesi Apparatus and method for compacting webs
US7770269B2 (en) 2007-07-31 2010-08-10 Maria Francesca Marchesi Apparatus and method for compacting webs
US7770270B2 (en) 2007-07-31 2010-08-10 Maria Francesca Marchesi Apparatus and method for compacting webs

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Publication number Publication date
DE1964171B2 (de) 1976-11-25
NL6919514A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-07-01
GB1291484A (en) 1972-10-04
CH1924969A4 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-09-29
CH532677A (de) 1972-09-29
DE1964171A1 (de) 1971-04-22
FR2027289A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-09-25

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