US3758879A - Variable directional coupler - Google Patents

Variable directional coupler Download PDF

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Publication number
US3758879A
US3758879A US00284821A US3758879DA US3758879A US 3758879 A US3758879 A US 3758879A US 00284821 A US00284821 A US 00284821A US 3758879D A US3758879D A US 3758879DA US 3758879 A US3758879 A US 3758879A
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Prior art keywords
slabs
common wall
coupler
waveguide
slot
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00284821A
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English (en)
Inventor
D Beguin
B Chiron
M Cuo
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International Standard Electric Corp
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International Standard Electric Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/04—Coupling devices of the waveguide type with variable factor of coupling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
    • H01P5/18—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers
    • H01P5/181—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers the guides being hollow waveguides
    • H01P5/182—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers the guides being hollow waveguides the waveguides being arranged in parallel

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT This invention relates to a microwave directional coupler, having an easily adjustable coupling coefficient.
  • a short-slot hybrid junction comprising two adjacent waveguide sections having a common sidewall with a coupling slot, two dielectric slabs having their planes parallel to the common wall plane are disposed, in front of the slot, respectively in the two waveguide sections and symmetrically with respect to the common walL Variations of the coupling coefficient are obtained by moving symmetrically the two slabs in a direction perpendicular to the common wall. This solution preserves the decoupling and matching characteristics of the coupler.
  • a first consists of varying the coupling hole sizes so as to vary the coupling coefficient.
  • this process is relatively expensive and difficult to deal with because it requires specific machining for each coupling coefficient value.
  • topwall or broad wall couplers having a coupling slot which is small with re spect to wave length, described for example in the article Directive couplers in wave guides by M. Surdin, issued in the Joumal I.E.E. review, vol. 93, 1946, pages 725-735.
  • the electric field intensity is varied at the coupling slot by inserting into one or both waveguide sections dielectric slabs normal to the common broad wall including the coupling slot.
  • the dielectric slabs are movable along a direction parallel to that broad wall and normal to the corresponding waveguide portion axis so as to vary the electric field intensity on the coupling slot and thus change the coupling coefficient.
  • couplers produce only relatively low couplings (coupling coefficient having a valuehigher than dB).
  • this technique cannot be applied to so-called sidewall couplers with two waveguide sections coupled through their sidewalls.
  • an improved directional sidewall coupler of the type wherein first and second waveguide sections having a sidewall as a common wall are provided with a coupling slot, wherein the improvement comprises first and second dielectric slabs positioned within said first and second waveguide sections, respectively, symmetrically with respect to said common wall in front of said coupling slot, and having planes which are parallel to said common wall, and means for positioning the plane positions of said slabs with respect to said common wall.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the directional coupler according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 2a, 2b, 3a, and 3b are diagrams to explain coupler operation.
  • FIG. 4 shows curves illustrating variations of coupling coefficient as a function of dielectric slab position.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a directional coupler of the shortslot hybrid junction type as described, for example, in the article The short-slot hybrid junction" by H. J. Riblet, issued in the review Proceedings of the I.R.E. of February 1952, pages -184.
  • a coupler is a sidewall coupler comprising two waveguide sections having cross-sectional diemsnions a and b and having a sidewall as a common wall 9, said common wall 9 being provided with a coupling slot 5 of length L.
  • Such a coupler has four ports, two, I and 3, on the main waveguide, and two, 2 and 4, on the auxiliary waveguide.
  • each waveguide section in front of coupling slot 5 and symmetrically with respect to the plane of common wall 9, a dielectric material slab, either 6 or 7, respectively, of thickness e whose plane is parallel to the plane of common wall 9.
  • the distance from each plate to the external side wall of each waveguide section is indicated by p.
  • the coupling coefficient is varied in the coupler.
  • dielectric slabs are fixed with feet 8 which are themselves fixed to the waveguide broad walls, slabs 6 and 7 being forced between feet 8.
  • the slabs may also be directly fixed to waveguide walls. Operation of the coupler according to the invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 which make it possible to analyze coupler operation by means of two distinct modes A and B.
  • Parts (a) in FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate electric field configurations in various coupler crosssections corresponding to ports 1 and 2, to slot 5 and to ports 3 and 4, respectively.
  • Parts (b) of FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate electric field amplitude patterns in those same cross-sections.
  • mode A FIG. 2
  • two phased transverse-electric modes H are excited in both waveguide sections on ports 1 and 2 in such a manner that electric field amplitudes are given by:
  • B is the propagation constant for the mode H 5 in the waveguide of width 2a.
  • a good matching is maintained for the coupler by shaping the slabs as an isosceles trapezium.
  • a good decoupling is maintained for the coupler by locating the two dielectric plates in symmetric positions with respect to the common wall 9. The relative phase shift between the two outputs 3 and 4 remains equal to 1r/2.
  • phase shifts between inputs and outputs vary with the coupling coefficient. Indeed, when p is varied, it causes the amount (B,+B,) to vary.
  • the dimension a is so selected that,
  • waveguide sections of width a 21.15 mm were used for a frequency range centered on 9.500 MHz.
  • the length L was so selected that,
  • the dielectric slabs used were made of polytetrafluoroethylene, known under TEFLON (trademark) of dielectric constant 2.1. Each trapezoid-shaped slab has a broad base of 4 cm, a narrow base of 2 cm and a thickness e 3 mm. Each slab was fixed by feet made of a copolymer of styrene, known under REXOLITE (trademark) of dielectric constant 2.54, which may be easily fixed to metal waveguide walls.
  • the full-line curve of FIG. 4 represents measured coupling coefficient variations as a function of the distance p for the so designed coupler.
  • Dotted lines of FIG. 4 are theoretical curves for various values of thicknesses e, as shown in FIG. 4. Those theoretical values have been calculated from the theory given by R. Seckelmann in the article entitled Propagation of the TB modes in dielectric loaded waveguides" issued in the IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. MTT-l4 No. 11, November, 1966, pages 5l8527.
  • C may be continuously varied between 3.1 and 5 dB. Differences from theoretical values to measured values may mainly result from approximations introduced into the above-mentioned theory as well as, among other, from the discontinuity influence produced by the coupling slot for wave of mode H which passes from a width-a waveguide to a width-2a waveguide.
  • the desired coupling may be achieved with an accuracy of :t: 0.05 dB, provided that dielectric slabs are positioned with an accuracy of il/lO mm.
  • the coupler illustrated in FIG. 1, has been made 0 with dielectric material slabs which are secured to waveguide section broad walls.
  • mobile slabs movable by any known means, may also be used and, for instance moved by mechanical means, provided that however slab moves be always symmetrical with respect to common wall 9.
  • first and second dielectric slabs positioned within said first and second waveguide sections, respectively, symmetrically with respect to said common wall in front of said coupling slot, and having planes which are parallel to said common wall;
  • a coupler according to claim 2, wherein said positioning means include plastic feet fixed to waveguide section walls between which said first and second slabs are forced.
  • Cancel 75 Inventors: Daniel E. Beguin, Saint-Prix;

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  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Waveguide Switches, Polarizers, And Phase Shifters (AREA)
US00284821A 1971-08-31 1972-08-30 Variable directional coupler Expired - Lifetime US3758879A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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FR7131466A FR2150612B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-08-31 1971-08-31

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US3758879A true US3758879A (en) 1973-09-11

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US00284821A Expired - Lifetime US3758879A (en) 1971-08-31 1972-08-30 Variable directional coupler

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FR (1) FR2150612B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1370229A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ZA (1) ZA724725B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4146817A (en) * 1977-03-14 1979-03-27 Varian Associates, Inc. Standing wave linear accelerator and slotted waveguide hybrid junction input coupler
US4162423A (en) * 1976-12-14 1979-07-24 C.G.R. Mev Linear accelerators of charged particles
US4635006A (en) * 1984-12-18 1987-01-06 Rca Corporation Adjustable waveguide branch directional coupler
US4761625A (en) * 1986-06-20 1988-08-02 Rca Corporation Tunable waveguide bandpass filter
US4792770A (en) * 1987-06-29 1988-12-20 General Electric Company Waveguide directional coupler with multiple coupled outputs
RU2184411C2 (ru) * 1999-04-12 2002-06-27 Научно-исследовательский институт "Стрела" Антенное устройство и устройство управления распределением мощности по раскрыву антенны
US8324983B2 (en) 2010-10-11 2012-12-04 Andrew Llc Selectable coupling level waveguide coupler
US20130126331A1 (en) * 2011-01-28 2013-05-23 Jozef Kudela Guided Wave Applicator with Non-Gaseous Dielectric for Plasma Chamber
CN104851767A (zh) * 2015-05-13 2015-08-19 电子科技大学 一种带状注器件的曲线耦合输入输出装置
US20200091577A1 (en) * 2016-12-12 2020-03-19 European Space Agency (Esa) Directional coupler and a method of manufacturing thereof
CN120261955A (zh) * 2025-03-21 2025-07-04 江苏亨鑫科技有限公司 一种超宽带腔体定向耦合器

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5196812A (en) * 1991-06-27 1993-03-23 Hughes Aircraft Company Compact n-way waveguide power divider
JP2748920B2 (ja) * 1996-05-27 1998-05-13 日本電気株式会社 導波管結合器

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2739287A (en) * 1950-03-17 1956-03-20 Henry J Riblet Waveguide hybrid junctions
US3075158A (en) * 1958-10-31 1963-01-22 Nippon Electric Co Microwave coupler

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2739287A (en) * 1950-03-17 1956-03-20 Henry J Riblet Waveguide hybrid junctions
US3075158A (en) * 1958-10-31 1963-01-22 Nippon Electric Co Microwave coupler

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4162423A (en) * 1976-12-14 1979-07-24 C.G.R. Mev Linear accelerators of charged particles
US4146817A (en) * 1977-03-14 1979-03-27 Varian Associates, Inc. Standing wave linear accelerator and slotted waveguide hybrid junction input coupler
US4635006A (en) * 1984-12-18 1987-01-06 Rca Corporation Adjustable waveguide branch directional coupler
US4761625A (en) * 1986-06-20 1988-08-02 Rca Corporation Tunable waveguide bandpass filter
US4792770A (en) * 1987-06-29 1988-12-20 General Electric Company Waveguide directional coupler with multiple coupled outputs
DE3821795A1 (de) * 1987-06-29 1989-01-12 Gen Electric Hohlleiter-richtkoppler mit mehreren koppelausgaengen
RU2184411C2 (ru) * 1999-04-12 2002-06-27 Научно-исследовательский институт "Стрела" Антенное устройство и устройство управления распределением мощности по раскрыву антенны
US8324983B2 (en) 2010-10-11 2012-12-04 Andrew Llc Selectable coupling level waveguide coupler
US20130126331A1 (en) * 2011-01-28 2013-05-23 Jozef Kudela Guided Wave Applicator with Non-Gaseous Dielectric for Plasma Chamber
US9397380B2 (en) * 2011-01-28 2016-07-19 Applied Materials, Inc. Guided wave applicator with non-gaseous dielectric for plasma chamber
CN104851767A (zh) * 2015-05-13 2015-08-19 电子科技大学 一种带状注器件的曲线耦合输入输出装置
CN104851767B (zh) * 2015-05-13 2017-05-10 电子科技大学 一种带状注器件的曲线耦合输入输出装置
US20200091577A1 (en) * 2016-12-12 2020-03-19 European Space Agency (Esa) Directional coupler and a method of manufacturing thereof
US10957965B2 (en) * 2016-12-12 2021-03-23 European Space Agency (Esa) Directional coupler and a method of manufacturing thereof
CN120261955A (zh) * 2025-03-21 2025-07-04 江苏亨鑫科技有限公司 一种超宽带腔体定向耦合器

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Publication number Publication date
ZA724725B (en) 1973-05-30
GB1370229A (en) 1974-10-16
FR2150612B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1976-03-26
FR2150612A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-04-13

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