US3753714A - Image formation by radiation and intensification - Google Patents

Image formation by radiation and intensification Download PDF

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Publication number
US3753714A
US3753714A US00091750A US3753714DA US3753714A US 3753714 A US3753714 A US 3753714A US 00091750 A US00091750 A US 00091750A US 3753714D A US3753714D A US 3753714DA US 3753714 A US3753714 A US 3753714A
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United States
Prior art keywords
metal
silver halide
lattice
group
halide emulsion
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00091750A
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English (en)
Inventor
M Sugiyama
M Sonoda
I Fujimura
M Takano
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Fujifilm Holdings Corp
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Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
    • G21K4/00—Conversion screens for the conversion of the spatial distribution of X-rays or particle radiation into visible images, e.g. fluoroscopic screens

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A method for forming an image by radiation, which comprises:
  • the present invention relates to a method for forming an image by radiation.
  • geIatino-silver halide emulsion layers are applied to both surfaces of a support to obtain a sufficient sensitivity and gradiation.
  • extensive radiation is necessary for the above-mentioned two emulsion layers and, consequently, a human body to be photographed is in danger of radiation injury. Therefore, the effective use of radiation energy is ordinarily carried out by holding both emulsion layers between fluorescentscreens.
  • the fluorescent screen has generally a coating of fluorescent substance, such as calcium tungstate on a mount, which is capable of converting the radiation energy applied into a fluorescent energy effective for the image formation in a silver halide emulsion.
  • fluorescent substance such as calcium tungstate
  • mount which is capable of converting the radiation energy applied into a fluorescent energy effective for the image formation in a silver halide emulsion.
  • the principal object of the present invention to provide a method for forming a radiographic image enriched in information by radiating a photographic light-sensitive material having a silver halide emulsion layer on one side of a support only.
  • the first is to use a light-sensitive material having a silver halide emulsion layer on one side only.
  • the second is to carry out radiation of the fluorescent intensifying screen containing a metal mesh inside or having a lattice pattern printed on the surface, which will hereinafter be illustrated in detail, in close contact with the abovementioned light-sensitive material.
  • the third is to carry out an intensifying treatment after exposure and development of one side of the emulsion layer in order to obtain an optical density equal to that of the prior arts both side emulsion layers.
  • the intensifying treatment When the intensifying treatment is carried out to raise the optical blackness, the graininess of the image often deteriorates the image quality.
  • the deterioration of the image quality can be prevented by the second procedure employed in the present invention. That is, using the intensifying screen containing a metal mesh inside or having a lattice pattern on the surface, in order to provide a lattice pattern to the image.
  • the metal mesh plays an important role in reducing scattered X-rays. Accordingly, this procedure may have a multiple effect in obtaining a radiographic image rich in information.
  • Exposure of the above-mentioned photographic light-sensitive material is preferably carried out by applying radiation from the side of the mount of the intensifying screen while the emulsion surface provided on the-support and the fluorescent surface of the sensitizing screen are in close contact.
  • the radiation may be carried out from the side of the support of the photographic light-sensitive material as well.
  • the intensifying screen used in the invention is obtained by filling in a fluorescent material between parallel walls, concentric walls or lattice walls of metal provided on a mount and, if necessary, further coating thereon uniformly.
  • the intensifying screen may also be obtained by providing on the surface of a fluorescent material layer coated uniformly on a mount, a protective layer having a pattern of parallel lines, concentric circles or lattice.
  • the color must be such that a light of wavelength capable of acting upon a silver halide lightsensitive material is hardly penetrated or by printing the same thereon.
  • a heavy metal such as lead, copper, nickel or chromium or light metal such as aluminum, may be employed. From the standpoint of X-ray absorption, a heavy metal is preferred.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a fluorescent intensifying screen wherein metal walls 1 are arranged on mount 3 at identical intervals and fluorescent substance 2 is filled in between them, onto which a protective layer 4 is coated.
  • the shape of metal wall 1 is a trapezium and in FIG. 3, metal wall 1, is formed into a wave.
  • t denotes the thickness of the fluorescent substance layer
  • i denotes the distance between the metal walls
  • m denotes the thickness of the metal wall.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a cross section of a fluorescent intensifying screen, in which the fluorescent substance 2 is uniformly coated onto a mount 3. On the surface thereof, is provided a surface protective layer 4 having lattice pattern 1 in such a color and thickness that the transparency of an actinic light for a silver halide lightsensitive material is -30 percent.
  • FIG. 5 is a plane view of the lattice pattern, the shaded portion being the above mentioned lattice that light scarcely penetrates. It is desirable that the relation of the width of this portion in and the width of space portion i is i 2m. Such a lattice screen gives such a good effect that three to 12 pairs of stripes (i m) are present per 1mm.
  • Papers and resins such as cellulose acetate and polyethylene terephthalate may be used as a mount, which have a strength sufficient to hold the fluorescent substance and metal walls.
  • gelatino-silver iodobromide emulsion for radiographic film may be used as a gelatino-silver halide emulsion.
  • Other emulsions may of course be employed. This includes sensitized emulsions as well.
  • Protective colloids other than gelatin for example, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl imidazole and their mixtures with gelatin may be employed.
  • the photographic light-sensitive material has a coating of silver halide emulsion on only one side of the Support.
  • an antihalation layer or curl balancing layer there may be favorably coated, an antihalation layer or light reflecting layer; otherwise, an antihalation layer or light reflecting layer may be provided between the support and emulsion.
  • FIG. 6 to FIG. 8 illustrate examples in which E is a light-sensitive emulsion layer, B is a support, A is an antihalation layer, G is a gelatin layer and R is a light reflecting layer.
  • the support glass, baryta paper, cellulose acetate film, polyethylene terephthalate film, synthetic paper or laminated sheets thereof, may be employed.
  • additives such as stabilizer, hardeners and coating aids, as well as coating and drying methods are not limited.
  • the developers and fixing solutions are not particularly limited. However, known developers, such as hydroquinone or p-amino-phenol and fixing solutions such as ammonium thiosulfate or sodium thiosulfate are preferred.
  • the photographic light-sensitive material thus developed fixed and if necessary, washed with water and dried, has a black image only on one side. Accordingly, the quantity of information as a radiograph is less than that in the prior art.
  • the intensifying treatment is carried out in order to raise the blackness. This is another feature of the present invention. Intensification" is a means required when exposure or development is not carried out sufficiently. In the method of the present invention, however, the intensifying treatment is carried out even when a suitable exposure and development are accomplished.
  • the object of the intensifying treatment according to the present invention is different from that of the prior art intensification. However,
  • the intensifying treatment may be carried out in a conventional manner, for example, by using compounds of metals other than silver, such as mercury, chromium, iron, copper, lead and uranium.
  • the intensifying treatment comprises a two bath treatment wherein the silver image is oxidized with the above-mentioned metal compound and subsequently blackened with a reducing substance.
  • a water-washing treatment is also employed. This two bath treatment may be carried out in one bath as well.
  • each of the procedures according to the present invention e.g., providing a silver halide emulsion layer on one side of a support only, using a fluorescent sensitizing screen such that a fluorescent substance is filled in a metal mesh and the intensifying treatment in general, is not necessarily known.
  • the salient feature of the present invention resides in the overall combination of these procedures whereby enhanced effects over the prior art are achieved. That is to say, it is possible to reduce the number of silver halide emulsion layers from two layers to one layer as well as to increase the quality of a radiographic image without increasing the quantity of radiation absorbed by the human body.
  • a double-sided radiographic film as generally used was charged in a cassette on which two intensifying screens were oppositely placed.
  • radiation with X-rays of 60 kvp, 200 mA and 0.02 second was carried out using a X-ray resolving power test plate of lead as an object to be photographed and adjusting the distance between the focus of the X-ray tube and the film to cm.
  • Both the films were developed, fixed and washed with water under the standard X-ray film processing conditions.
  • the film of the prior art system was dried.
  • the film of the new system having a coating of silver halide on one side only,
  • lntensifying solution (I) KBr 20g HgCl 20g H,O lOOOml intensifying solution (ll) 3 percent ammonia water
  • the intensifying treatment was carried out by immersing the film developed and fixed, in the solution (I) at 34 C., for 1 minute 30 seconds, washing with flowing water for 3 minutes, immersing in the solution (II) at 34 C., for 1 minute 30 seconds, washing with flowing water for about minutes and then drying.
  • a method for forming a high quality image by radiation which comprises:
  • a photographic light-sensitive material consisting essentially of a silver halide emulsion coated on a support with a fluorescent intensifying screen, said silver halide emulsion facing said intensifying screen; said photographic lightsensitive material having said silver halide emulsion layer on only one side of said support; said intensifying screen consisting essentially of a support, a metal lattice coated thereon and fluorescent material filling the spaces in the metal lattice; the metal walls of said metal lattice having a width m forming a distance i between said metal walls wherein from 3 to 12 stripes i m are present per millimeter; and
  • said intensifying screen further consists essentially of a protective layer coated on said metal lattice.
  • the silver halide emulsion contains a protective colloid selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl imidazole and mixtures thereof with gelatin.
  • the support of said photographic light-sensitive material is composed of a member selected from the group consisting of glass, baryta paper, cellulose acetate film, polyethylene terephthalate film, synthetic paper and laminated sheets thereof.
  • fixation step is carried out with a fixing solution containing as the essential component, a member selected from the group consisting of ammonium thiosulfate and sodium thiosulfate.
  • said intensifying screen consists essentially of a support, a layer of fluorescent material coated thereon and a protective layer containing a metal lattice pattern therein coated on said layer of fluorescent material.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
  • Conversion Of X-Rays Into Visible Images (AREA)
US00091750A 1969-11-21 1970-11-23 Image formation by radiation and intensification Expired - Lifetime US3753714A (en)

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JP44093424A JPS4830497B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-11-21 1969-11-21

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3912933A (en) * 1973-10-17 1975-10-14 Du Pont Fine detail radiographic elements and exposure method
US4130429A (en) * 1972-11-03 1978-12-19 Agfa-Gevaert, N.V. Combination of photosensitive elements suited for use in radiography
US4130428A (en) * 1971-11-05 1978-12-19 Agfa-Gevaert, N.V. Combination of photosensitive elements suited for use in radiography
DE2909190A1 (de) * 1978-03-10 1979-09-13 Konishiroku Photo Ind Photographisches aufzeichnungsmaterial
US4238563A (en) * 1978-12-21 1980-12-09 Minrad Corporation Radiographic image enhancement
US4293640A (en) * 1978-12-21 1981-10-06 Minrad Corporation Radiographic image enhancement
US4299904A (en) * 1978-11-28 1981-11-10 Sri International Photographic image enhancement method employing photoluminescence
EP0065877A1 (en) * 1981-05-26 1982-12-01 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Industrial X-ray system
US4707435A (en) * 1981-05-26 1987-11-17 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Industrial X-ray system
US20050259793A1 (en) * 2004-05-19 2005-11-24 Yeo In H Medical phantom, holder and method of use thereof

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2502529A (en) * 1946-09-18 1950-04-04 Du Pont Photographically sensitive X-ray film elements
US2887379A (en) * 1955-05-31 1959-05-19 Du Pont Photographic elements
US2968725A (en) * 1956-06-20 1961-01-17 Mallinckrodt Chemical Works X-ray image intensifying screen
US3089956A (en) * 1953-07-10 1963-05-14 Westinghouse Electric Corp X-ray fluorescent screen
US3185841A (en) * 1961-05-29 1965-05-25 Polaroid Corp Photographic product having x-ray intensifier screen as an integral component of theimage receiving sheet
US3300311A (en) * 1964-05-01 1967-01-24 Eastman Kodak Co X-ray intensifying screens employing a water soluble copolymer of alkyl acrylate and acrylic acid
US3344276A (en) * 1964-03-30 1967-09-26 Kaiser Aerospace & Electronics Radiographic screen having channels filled with a material which emits photons when energized by gamma or x-rays
US3584216A (en) * 1968-09-12 1971-06-08 Bendix Corp Radiographic intensifying screen
US3597610A (en) * 1968-02-22 1971-08-03 Eastman Kodak Co Intensification screen for radiographic film
US3617285A (en) * 1969-10-21 1971-11-02 William Joseph Staudenmayer Light intensifying screens

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2502529A (en) * 1946-09-18 1950-04-04 Du Pont Photographically sensitive X-ray film elements
US3089956A (en) * 1953-07-10 1963-05-14 Westinghouse Electric Corp X-ray fluorescent screen
US2887379A (en) * 1955-05-31 1959-05-19 Du Pont Photographic elements
US2968725A (en) * 1956-06-20 1961-01-17 Mallinckrodt Chemical Works X-ray image intensifying screen
US3185841A (en) * 1961-05-29 1965-05-25 Polaroid Corp Photographic product having x-ray intensifier screen as an integral component of theimage receiving sheet
US3344276A (en) * 1964-03-30 1967-09-26 Kaiser Aerospace & Electronics Radiographic screen having channels filled with a material which emits photons when energized by gamma or x-rays
US3300311A (en) * 1964-05-01 1967-01-24 Eastman Kodak Co X-ray intensifying screens employing a water soluble copolymer of alkyl acrylate and acrylic acid
US3597610A (en) * 1968-02-22 1971-08-03 Eastman Kodak Co Intensification screen for radiographic film
US3584216A (en) * 1968-09-12 1971-06-08 Bendix Corp Radiographic intensifying screen
US3617285A (en) * 1969-10-21 1971-11-02 William Joseph Staudenmayer Light intensifying screens

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4130428A (en) * 1971-11-05 1978-12-19 Agfa-Gevaert, N.V. Combination of photosensitive elements suited for use in radiography
US4130429A (en) * 1972-11-03 1978-12-19 Agfa-Gevaert, N.V. Combination of photosensitive elements suited for use in radiography
US3912933A (en) * 1973-10-17 1975-10-14 Du Pont Fine detail radiographic elements and exposure method
DE2909190A1 (de) * 1978-03-10 1979-09-13 Konishiroku Photo Ind Photographisches aufzeichnungsmaterial
US4299904A (en) * 1978-11-28 1981-11-10 Sri International Photographic image enhancement method employing photoluminescence
US4238563A (en) * 1978-12-21 1980-12-09 Minrad Corporation Radiographic image enhancement
US4293640A (en) * 1978-12-21 1981-10-06 Minrad Corporation Radiographic image enhancement
EP0065877A1 (en) * 1981-05-26 1982-12-01 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Industrial X-ray system
US4707435A (en) * 1981-05-26 1987-11-17 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Industrial X-ray system
US20050259793A1 (en) * 2004-05-19 2005-11-24 Yeo In H Medical phantom, holder and method of use thereof

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Publication number Publication date
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