US3751357A - Electrophoresis system and gel frame - Google Patents

Electrophoresis system and gel frame Download PDF

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Publication number
US3751357A
US3751357A US00146387A US3751357DA US3751357A US 3751357 A US3751357 A US 3751357A US 00146387 A US00146387 A US 00146387A US 3751357D A US3751357D A US 3751357DA US 3751357 A US3751357 A US 3751357A
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United States
Prior art keywords
gel
frame
electrophoresis
buffer
migration
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US00146387A
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English (en)
Inventor
S Rains
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Milton Roy LLC
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Bausch and Lomb Inc
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Publication date
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Publication of US3751357A publication Critical patent/US3751357A/en
Assigned to MILTON ROY COMPANY, A CORP. OF PA. reassignment MILTON ROY COMPANY, A CORP. OF PA. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: BAUSCH & LOMB INCORPORATED
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/416—Systems
    • G01N27/447—Systems using electrophoresis
    • G01N27/44756—Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/416—Systems
    • G01N27/447—Systems using electrophoresis
    • G01N27/44704—Details; Accessories
    • G01N27/44743—Introducing samples
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N35/10—Devices for transferring samples or any liquids to, in, or from, the analysis apparatus, e.g. suction devices, injection devices
    • G01N35/1095—Devices for transferring samples or any liquids to, in, or from, the analysis apparatus, e.g. suction devices, injection devices for supplying the samples to flow-through analysers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S435/00—Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
    • Y10S435/975—Kit
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
    • Y10T436/25—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing including sample preparation
    • Y10T436/2575—Volumetric liquid transfer

Definitions

  • This invention relates to apparatus and a system for carrying a gel for electrophoresis analysis of a fluid sample and, more particularly, to either self-contained or separate electrophoresis units for supporting a gel and solutions provided for connection to electrodes for energizing an electrical field across the gel having apparatus for introducing a fluid sample.
  • This invention provides for an electrophoresis gel frame having a migration portion interposed between, and in communication with, buffer chambers disposed at opposite ends of the frame for receiving electrodes to create an electrical field for causing migration of a fluid sample.
  • the invention further provides for an accurate dependable device, easy and inexpensive to manufacture, convenient to store and handle and for all practical purposes disposable.
  • Embodiments according to the principles of the present invention can be constructed from a great variety of materials. It, however, has been found during the process of the experiments run that synthetic materials, particularly those belonging to the plastic family, work exceedingly well. The need for holding especially close tolerances which, correspondingly, increase manufacturing costs are essentially eliminated. This has decided advantages over the electrophoresis gel frames heretofore known in the field, particularly, for example, the gel frame disclosed in the previously mentioned R. N. Rand patent.
  • the present invention provides for including a gel in a migration portion of a gel frame in communication with buffer solutions contained in buffer chambers.
  • the resulting gel frame may then be stored until a later date when the sample fluid will be introduced into the gel and the electrophoresis process carried out. This greatly facilitates set-up procedures, handling, and also reduces the time required for performing the electrophoresis operation. After completion of the operation for electrophoresis study, the operator may, if he so chooses, dispose of the frame without incurring great expense.
  • the device of the present invention thereby further eliminates the need for a cleaning station and the accompanying materials necessary to prepare the frames for subsequent reuse. In addition, the device of the present invention will decrease the number of trained personnel necessary to perform the required operations.
  • a further embodiment of the present invention provides for an electrophoresis gel frame having separate buffer chambers, which for convenience purposes may or may not be fixed.
  • a removable electrophoresis migration tray is provided to be bridged between the separate buifer chambers.
  • the embodiment of this description may be constructed from a variety of materials, although, as previously discussed, synthetic materials, such as plastic, work very well.
  • the buffer chambers In operation the buffer chambers have introduced into them the necessary substances to enable the electrophoresis process to take place.
  • the prepared migration tray or trays as the case may be, is then disposed so as to bridge the gap between the buffer chambers and also to make intimate contact with the gel in the tray and a compatible substance in the buffer chamber. A continuous path is thereby provided between the migration tray and the buffer chambers. Electrodes are disposed within the buffer chambers and then energized to facilitate the process of electrophoresis across the migration tray.
  • the buffer chambers may be prepared in sepa rate and remote preparation areas, stored for a period of time and then brought together for use in the desired electrophoresis processes. It will also be easily seen that the buifer chambers may be used frequently and, particularly, may be used to conduct more than one test simultaneously. The resulting number of steps required to perform the operations, as well as the number of personnel required, will be favorably reduced.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an apparatus according to the principles of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the apparatus
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the apparatus of FIG. 2 taken along line 33 of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a further embodiment, according to the principles of the present invention, showing a plurality of buffer tanks having an electroplhoresis tray placed therebetween.
  • a gel frame which comprises a migration portion 12 extending between the bufier chambers 14 and 16 which are disposed at respective ends of the frame 10.
  • the gel frame 10 generally shown in FIG. 1 consists of a migration portion 12 which comprises two spaced apart and parallelly disposed runners 18 and 20 extending between the buffer chambers 14 and 16 to define therebetween a generally rectangular aperture 22 for supporting a gel material 24 which is best seen in FIG. 2.
  • the gel may comprise, for example, a medium such as is defined in US. Pat. No. 3,399,127 entitled Electrophoresis Medium Using Agarose and Carrageenan, issued to R. 'N. Rand et al.
  • a gelatinous fluid is made and then poured into the respective bufier chambers 14 and 16 through openings 15 and 17, respectively.
  • the gelatinous fluid then proceeds to flow through openings 26 and 28, as best seen in FIG. 3, which communicate the buffer chambers 14 and 16 respectively with the rectangular aperture 22 of the migration portion 12 of the frame 10.
  • the gelatinous fluid fills the rectangular aperture 22 completely while the buffer chambers 14 and 16 are filled to a level approximately three times the thickness of the fluid contained within the rectangular aperture 22.
  • a thin, relatively smooth and flat film or plate 30 positioned at the underside of the frame 10 for supporting the gel 24 in the fiuid state.
  • a further thin, relatively smooth and flat film or plate 32 may be provided for containing the gelatinous fluid in the upper area of the migration portion 12, as best seen in FIG. 3.
  • the use of thin films or plates 30 and 32 provide for uniformly regular and flat upper and lower surfaces on the gel 24. This feature will greatly insure accurate and true readings of the migration path across the migration portion 12. These readings may, of course, be made by any suitable known apparatus available in the field. It will be appreciated that any variations in the thickness of the gel would cause false and inaccurate readings when the migration path is analyzed and the use of the upper and lower thin films or plates 32, 30, respectively, greatly insures generally parallel upper and lower surfaces of the gel 24. An accurate reading is therefore assured. It will be further appreciated that the thin films or plates 30 and 32, respectively, would protect the gel during shipping, prevent dehydration during the process of electrophoresis and, further act as heat sinks and heat conduits.
  • a wire-like element 34 is provided for utilization in introducing a fluid sample into the formed gel 24.
  • the wire-like element 34 extends through openings 36 and 38 in the runners 18 and 20 respectively of the migration portion 12.
  • a fluid sample well 40 is positioned, for example, in migration runner 18 above and connected to the opening 36.
  • the fluid sample may be disposed in the fluid well 40 by any convenient methods, such as, for example, those described in the hereinbefore concurrently-filled applications Ser. Nos. 146,262 and 146,388.
  • the fluid sample is disposed through the gel 24 by the wire-like element 34, as defined in the hereinbefore mentioned patent application.
  • a butter solution 19 is introduced through openings 15 and 17 of buffer chambers 14 and 16 respectively.
  • the buffer solution 19 may be composed of any well-known buffer material such as those defined in the Rand Pat. No. 3,434,- 414.
  • This arrangement which is best seen in FIG. 2, provides for easy introduction of the electrophoresis electrodes without difiiculty in setting the apparatus up and without transferring the migration portion 12 from one work area to another.
  • embodiments according to the present invention are such that they do not necessitate the need for battles such as those described in the immediately previously mentioned R. N. Rand patent. Batlies may, however, be incorporated to better control the electrophoresis process, if it is so desired.
  • end caps 42 and 44 may be placed over the openings 15 and 17 of the buffer chambers 14 and 16 respectively to thereby contain in cooperation with thin films 30 and 32 the gel and buffer constituents within the frame 10.
  • the provision of the end caps 42 and 44 on the buffer chambers 14 and 1'6, respectively further provides for a convenient package for both handling and storage.
  • FIG. 4 there is shown an electrophoresis migration tray 50 bridged across two similarly constructed electrophoresis buffer tanks 52 and 54.
  • the process of electrophoresis is similar to the process of electrophoresis hereinbefore discussed.
  • the migration tray 50 must therefore be placed upon the buffer tanks 52 and 54 to complete the electrophoresis process.
  • the migration tray 50- may be readily removed for analysis or replacement by a further migration tray.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 4 is ideally suited for making the buffer tanks 52 and 54 as a relatively fixed structure for including an enclosure for performing the electrophoresis process.
  • the embodiments disclosed may be individually movable to enable an operator to selectively place the tanks as he desires. Additionally, it is easily appreciated that a plurality of trays 50 may be placed to bridge the area between the buffer tanks 52 and 54 in order to run any desired number of tests.
  • the trays 50 may be similar to embodiments according to the principles of the invention included in the concurrently-filed Rains et al. patent application hereinbefore mentioned.
  • the tray structure would be similar in that it would have a wire-like element 56 situated therethrough for introducing a fluid sample into a gel area 58 which is contained within and extends the length of the tray 50.
  • the tray 50 is designed so that the gel area 58 is exposed at the bottom portion for placement upon the gel slabs 60 and 61 in each of the buffer tanks 52 and 54, respectively.
  • the gel slabs 60, 61 are formed contiguous with one wall of the respective buflfer tanks 52 and 54 and extend slightly above the uppermost ledges 62 and 63 of the buffer tanks 52, 54, respectively, in order to make intimate contact with the bottom side 59 of the gel portion 58in the tray 50.
  • Butter solutions 64, 65 are provided within the buffer chambers 52 and 54 respectively so that intimate contact is made with the gel slabs 60 and 61.
  • the buffer solutions 64 and 65 are further provided to receive therein electrodes 66 and 67, respectively, which may be formed, for example, of platinum wire.
  • electrodes 66 and 67 respectively, which may be formed, for example, of platinum wire.
  • baffie plates '68 and 69 are provided in buffer tanks 52 and 54, respectively, and positioned to be disposed between the electrodes 66, 67 and the gel slabs 60 and 61.
  • the gel slabs 60 and 61 are formed in the baffle tanks 52 and 54 and about the baffle plates 68 and 69 so that a continuous path of buffer solution is provided around and under the baffle plates 68 and 69.
  • the tray 50, the buffer tanks 52 and 54 and the bafile plates 68 and 69 may be formed of any suitable material, such as, for example, plastic.
  • a power source 70 is provided which energizes the electrodes 66 and 67 and completes the process of electrophoresis.
  • a device for supporting a gel useable as a medium in analyzing chemical constituents 'by chemical separation comprising:
  • a generally flat and relatively thin frame having a perimeter defining an opening in the frame said frame positioned to communicate one chamber with the other chamber;
  • the means for providing a pressure reduction between a first point and a second point within the gel is a filament to be disposed and movable within the supported gel from the first point to the second point to create a pressure reduction between said first and second points to move chemical constituents under the influence of the created pressure differential from the first point to the second point.
  • a device for supporting a gel useable as a medium in analyping chemical constituents by chemical separation comprising:
  • a pair of receiving chambers containing a buffer solution and gel said chambers to be spaced apart from each other;
  • a generally fiat and relatively thin frame having a perimeter defining an opening said frame positioned to communicate one receiving chamber with the other receiving chamber;
  • the means for flowing chemical constituents from a first point to a second point within the gel is an element having absorbent qualities to permit the chemical constituents to be absorbed therein when the element is at least in part immersed in the chemical constituents.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
US00146387A 1971-05-24 1971-05-24 Electrophoresis system and gel frame Expired - Lifetime US3751357A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14626271A 1971-05-24 1971-05-24
US14638871A 1971-05-24 1971-05-24
US14638771A 1971-05-24 1971-05-24

Publications (1)

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US3751357A true US3751357A (en) 1973-08-07

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US00146387A Expired - Lifetime US3751357A (en) 1971-05-24 1971-05-24 Electrophoresis system and gel frame
US00146262A Expired - Lifetime US3762877A (en) 1971-05-24 1971-05-24 Method of and apparatus for depositing a fluid in a gel
US00146388A Expired - Lifetime US3736100A (en) 1971-05-24 1971-05-24 Immunoelectrophoresis gel tray

Family Applications After (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00146262A Expired - Lifetime US3762877A (en) 1971-05-24 1971-05-24 Method of and apparatus for depositing a fluid in a gel
US00146388A Expired - Lifetime US3736100A (en) 1971-05-24 1971-05-24 Immunoelectrophoresis gel tray

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US (3) US3751357A (https=)
DE (3) DE2224985A1 (https=)
FR (1) FR2138933B1 (https=)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3844918A (en) * 1970-02-09 1974-10-29 Bioware Inc Stabilizing media template
US4061561A (en) * 1976-11-24 1977-12-06 Nasa Automatic multiple-sample applicator and electrophoresis apparatus
US4088561A (en) * 1977-06-27 1978-05-09 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Apparatus for electrophoresis separation
US4234400A (en) * 1979-01-26 1980-11-18 The Regents Of The University Of California Horizontal slab gel electrophoresis
US4588491A (en) * 1984-02-27 1986-05-13 International Biotechnologies, Inc. Horizontal gel electrophoresis device
US4784738A (en) * 1985-12-12 1988-11-15 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Apparatus and method for gel casting
US4810348A (en) * 1987-03-16 1989-03-07 Helena Laboratories Corporation Automatic electrophoresis apparatus and method
US4892639A (en) * 1987-07-17 1990-01-09 Helena Laboratories Corporation Electrophoresis plate and method of making same
US4911816A (en) * 1986-02-04 1990-03-27 Oncor, Inc. Process for conducting electrophoresis and transfer
US4954237A (en) * 1987-03-16 1990-09-04 Helena Laboratories Automatic electrophoresis apparatus
US4975173A (en) * 1989-02-22 1990-12-04 Helena Laboratories Corporation Electrophoresis plate and method of making same
US5074981A (en) * 1989-04-26 1991-12-24 The University Of Tennessee Research Corporation High speed gel electrophoresis
US5228971A (en) * 1990-12-20 1993-07-20 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Horizontal gel electrophoresis apparatus
US5242568A (en) * 1992-01-14 1993-09-07 Fotodyne Incorporated Electrophoresis apparatus
US20040050699A1 (en) * 2002-09-11 2004-03-18 Goncalves Antonio M. Automated system for high-throughput electrophoretic separations
US20050011762A1 (en) * 2003-06-26 2005-01-20 Provonchee Richard B. Bottom access electrophoresis tray and method of use

Families Citing this family (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3865712A (en) * 1972-04-13 1975-02-11 Lkb Produkter Ab Electrode arrangement for an electrophoretical separation performed in a gel plate
US4012198A (en) * 1972-07-25 1977-03-15 Burroughs Wellcome Co. Immunodiffusion device
US3988230A (en) * 1973-12-31 1976-10-26 Medac Gesellschaft Fur Klinische Spezial Praparate Mbh Chamber and process for crossed immunoelectro-phoresis
US3960490A (en) * 1974-04-01 1976-06-01 General Electric Company Method and apparatus for detecting immunologic reactions by diffusion in gel
US3960488A (en) * 1974-04-01 1976-06-01 General Electric Company Method and apparatus for quantitative surface inhibition test
US3947250A (en) * 1974-06-21 1976-03-30 Baxter Laboratories, Inc. Method of immunodiffusion
US4094759A (en) * 1975-01-03 1978-06-13 Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Wissenschaften E.V. Method for simultaneous quantitative analysis of several constituents in a sample
US3990849A (en) * 1975-02-07 1976-11-09 Technicon Instruments Corporation Separation of cells from liquid components of blood
US3984533A (en) * 1975-11-13 1976-10-05 General Electric Company Electrophoretic method of detecting antigen-antibody reaction
JPS53144399A (en) * 1977-05-21 1978-12-15 Olympus Optical Co Ltd Forming device of specimen coating position marks
WO1979000044A1 (en) * 1977-07-14 1979-02-08 H Elwing Method for the determination of biological substances by diffusion in a porous matrix or by electrophoresis
FR2424535A1 (fr) * 1978-04-24 1979-11-23 Aladjem Frederick Procede et appareil de mesure quantitative de la concentration de proteines
US4322274A (en) * 1980-08-28 1982-03-30 Wilson Gregory B Method of diagnosing cystic fibrosis patients and asymptomatic carrier of the cystic fibrosis gene
USD290510S (en) 1984-11-29 1987-06-23 Lab Stuff, Inc. Casting tray for electrophoretic gel
US4618408A (en) * 1984-11-29 1986-10-21 Lab Stuff, Inc. Casting apparatus for electrophoretic gel tray
IL81145A (en) * 1987-01-02 1990-08-31 Univ Ramot Device for transfer of micro-organism sample to culture medium
US4889610A (en) * 1988-07-15 1989-12-26 Life Technologies, Inc. Pop up electrophoresis apparatus and method
US5188963A (en) * 1989-11-17 1993-02-23 Gene Tec Corporation Device for processing biological specimens for analysis of nucleic acids
US5443704A (en) * 1991-12-31 1995-08-22 Fmc Corporation Electrophoresis gel container assemblies

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3844918A (en) * 1970-02-09 1974-10-29 Bioware Inc Stabilizing media template
US4061561A (en) * 1976-11-24 1977-12-06 Nasa Automatic multiple-sample applicator and electrophoresis apparatus
US4088561A (en) * 1977-06-27 1978-05-09 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Apparatus for electrophoresis separation
US4234400A (en) * 1979-01-26 1980-11-18 The Regents Of The University Of California Horizontal slab gel electrophoresis
US4588491A (en) * 1984-02-27 1986-05-13 International Biotechnologies, Inc. Horizontal gel electrophoresis device
US4784738A (en) * 1985-12-12 1988-11-15 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Apparatus and method for gel casting
US4911816A (en) * 1986-02-04 1990-03-27 Oncor, Inc. Process for conducting electrophoresis and transfer
AU607972B2 (en) * 1987-03-16 1991-03-21 Helena Laboratories Corporation Automatic electrophoresis apparatus & method
US4810348A (en) * 1987-03-16 1989-03-07 Helena Laboratories Corporation Automatic electrophoresis apparatus and method
US4954237A (en) * 1987-03-16 1990-09-04 Helena Laboratories Automatic electrophoresis apparatus
US4892639A (en) * 1987-07-17 1990-01-09 Helena Laboratories Corporation Electrophoresis plate and method of making same
US4975173A (en) * 1989-02-22 1990-12-04 Helena Laboratories Corporation Electrophoresis plate and method of making same
US5074981A (en) * 1989-04-26 1991-12-24 The University Of Tennessee Research Corporation High speed gel electrophoresis
US5228971A (en) * 1990-12-20 1993-07-20 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Horizontal gel electrophoresis apparatus
US5242568A (en) * 1992-01-14 1993-09-07 Fotodyne Incorporated Electrophoresis apparatus
US20040050699A1 (en) * 2002-09-11 2004-03-18 Goncalves Antonio M. Automated system for high-throughput electrophoretic separations
US6905585B2 (en) 2002-09-11 2005-06-14 Temple University Of The Commonwealth System Of Higher Education Automated system for high-throughput electrophoretic separations
US20050217997A1 (en) * 2002-09-11 2005-10-06 Temple University - Of The Commonwealth System Of Higher Education Automated system for high-throughput electrophoretic separations
US20050011762A1 (en) * 2003-06-26 2005-01-20 Provonchee Richard B. Bottom access electrophoresis tray and method of use
WO2005001428A3 (en) * 2003-06-26 2006-03-16 Cbm Intellectual Properties In Bottom access electrophoresis tray and method of use

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2224985A1 (de) 1972-11-30
FR2138933B1 (https=) 1973-07-13
DE2224987A1 (de) 1972-11-30
DE2224988A1 (de) 1972-11-30
FR2138933A1 (https=) 1973-01-05
US3762877A (en) 1973-10-02
US3736100A (en) 1973-05-29

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Owner name: MILTON ROY COMPANY, ONE PLAZA PLACE, ST. PETERSBUR

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:BAUSCH & LOMB INCORPORATED;REEL/FRAME:004454/0288

Effective date: 19850415