US3748125A - Color electrophotography using toners of the repellent type - Google Patents

Color electrophotography using toners of the repellent type Download PDF

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Publication number
US3748125A
US3748125A US00206415A US3748125DA US3748125A US 3748125 A US3748125 A US 3748125A US 00206415 A US00206415 A US 00206415A US 3748125D A US3748125D A US 3748125DA US 3748125 A US3748125 A US 3748125A
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areas
toner
toners
pigment
yellow
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US00206415A
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R Hercock
S Lindsay
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Ilford Imaging UK Ltd
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Ilford Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/12—Recording members for multicolour processes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G13/00—Electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G13/01—Electrographic processes using a charge pattern for multicoloured copies

Definitions

  • Electrophotographic material usually comprises a layer of photoconductive material coated on to a support base which has been rendered electroconductive, or a layer of photoconductive material coated onto a layer of electroconductive material which is in its turn coated onto a support base.
  • the material is charged electrically, the charged material is then imagewise exposed to light and in the areas where the light strikes the charge is dissipated.
  • the image is developed usually by applying to the material a toner which comprises particles which adhere to the photoconductive layer in the areas which are still charged.
  • the surface of the photoconductor layer comprises a mosaic of areas each of which have been selectively spectrally sensitised to light in one of the three regions of the spectrum red, green and blue.
  • spectrum used herein refers to the visible spectrum unless otherwise identified.
  • colour electrophotographic material of the mosaic type means electrophotographic material which comprises a photoconductive layer which has been spectrally sensitised to more than one region of the spectrum and in such a way that each discrete area of the surface is sensitive to light of only one region of the spectrum.
  • a white pigment for example magnesium carbonate
  • the colour particles do not adhere to the areas in which the white pigment has been deposited.
  • pan-sensitiser is laid down on the material after the imagewise exposure instead of the white pigment. Prior to every subsequent colour toning stage an exposure to light of an appropriate region of the spectrum is required thus all the areas which have been pan-sensitised will be discharged and will not be tone during the colour toning process.
  • a pan sensitiser sensitising material which is able to deposit on the charged areas of the photoconductive surface and render these areas subsequently sensitive to or dischargeable by light of all the regions of the visible spectrum.
  • the sensitising material may be a charged dispersion of panchromatically dyed particles of the material which comprises the photoconductor, i.e. panchromatically dyed zinc oxide if zinc oxide is the photoconductive material.
  • the sensitiser material may be a charged dispersion of a dye which is able to sensitise the photoconductor to light of all the regions of the visible spectrum or it might comprise a mixture of sensitising dyes. Therefore the overall elfect is the same as depositing a white pigment of the particle repellent type, and both types are called latent image fixers.
  • At least the toners (4) used previous to the last sequence are of the particle repellent type.
  • a process for the production of a colour image record of a coloured original using colour electrophotographic material of the mosaic type which comprises (1) Imagewise exposing the charged electrophotographic material,
  • the third coloured particle toner need not be of the particle repellent type because no further particles are applied to the material after the third colour development step.
  • the coloured particle toners may be pigment toners and in this case a pigment fixing process is often carried out on the material after the last toner has been applied.
  • film-forming polymers may be presently dissolved in the toner liquids, and when the material after the last toning process is dried a polymer layer is formed which fixes e'ach pigment on the material.
  • Another method is to include in each toner liquid a low melting point ploymer. After the last toning process the material is heated. This fuses the low melting point polymer forming a polymeric layer which fixes each pigment on the material.
  • dye particle toners may be used.
  • Such dye particle toners are usually applied to the material as dispersed particles in an inert dispersant liquid.
  • the phthalocyanine pigment toners are deposited first as they are better capable of repelling the subsequently applied quinacridone toners than quinacridone toners are capable of repelling phthalocyanine toners. Both toners however will repel any yellow pigment toner.
  • a process for the production of a tricolour image record of a colored original which comprises (l) Imagewise exposing the charged electrophotographic material,
  • the pigment is copper phthalocyanine.
  • Other copper phthalocyamne pigments give similar results, and may beused in place of Microlith Blue 4G-T.
  • Isopar G is an odourless paraffin manufactured by Esso Chemicals Limited.
  • Permanent Yellow FGL g 1 Mitchalac 1092 g 2 Isopar G ml 500 Permanent Yellow FGL is manufactured by I-Ioechst- 'Cassella Dyestuffs Limited. Because there is no subsequent toning to the yellow, it does not matter whether this has rejecting properties or not. Many other yellow pigments, e.g. Microlith Yellow 2-T Irgacet Yellow 3GLC, Irgacet Yellow G, Irgacet Yellow l0 G and Orasol 3GW all manufactured by Ciba-Geigy Limited, may be used equally well.
  • a suitable set of so-called dye particle toners is provided by the sequential use of toners which comprise Kiton Yellow 2GL, Neozapon Blue FLE and -EDI Fastel Pink B.
  • Toners using these dye particles can be formulated as follows:
  • Kiton Yellow 2GL This dye is manufactured by Ciba- Geigy and is classified in the Colour Index as Acid Yellow 17, CI 18965. It may be used in the following formulation:
  • Isopar G is an odourless aliphatic hydrocarbon manufactured by Esso Chemicals Limited.
  • EDI Fastel Pink B This is a phosphomolybdo-tungstate pigment manufactured by I.C.I Limited, but is also classified in the Colour Index as pigment Red 81, CI 45160.
  • EDI Fastel Pink B g 2 Mitchalac 1092 g Isopar G ml 20 Neozapon Blue FLE g 1 It is prefered that the Kiton Yellow toner is used first because when it is deposited on the electrophotographic material it repels very well both the Fastel Pink particles and the Neozapon Blue particles. Neozapon Blue when deposited will repel EDI Fastel Pink B particles but will not repel Kiton Yellow very effectively.
  • EDI Fastel Pink B may act as a repellent toner but as it is used as the third toner it is immaterial whether it is a repellent toner or not.
  • Neozapon Blue FLE EDI Fastel Pink B
  • Irgacet Yellow 3GLG used in this order.
  • Neozapon Blue FLE and the EDI Fastel Pink are formulated as just described.
  • Irgacet Yellow SGLG which is manufactured by Ciba- Geigy Limited may be used in the following formulation:
  • Mitchalac 716 is an alkyd resin based on linseed oil and dehydrated castor oil. It is manufactured by W. A. Mitchell and Smith Limited. Isopar G is a paraflinic hydrocarbon manufactured by Esso Petroleum Company.
  • the white pigment-repellent material A This is referred to as the white pigment-repellent material A.
  • the cyan toner used was Microlith Blue 4G-T toner which was formulated as hereinbefore set forth.
  • magenta toner used was Sandorin Brilliant Red SBL which was formulated as hereinbefore set forth.
  • the yellow toner used was Permanent Yellow FGL which was formulated as hereinbefore set forth.
  • the diagram I shows an original which has 8 regions the colours of which are respectively white (W), cyan (C), magenta (M), yellow (Y), blue (B). green (G), red (R) and black (S). From this is made the negative II which has also 8 regions which are the cornplementary colours of the colours of the original namely, black (S), red (R), green (G), blue (B), yellow (Y), magenta (M), cyan (C) ann white (W).
  • Electrophotographic material of the mosaic type is shown in IH. This material comprises 8 regions each of which comprises three areas, each area being sensitised to only one of the regions of the visible spectrum, blue (B) green (G) and (R). These areas are indicated in the Diagram III.
  • the electrophographic material of III is exposed through the negative II and then developed in the white pigment-repellent material A.
  • Diagram IVA shows the charge pattern on the electrophotographic material after the exposure and
  • Diagram IVB shows the white pigment deposition after the development step.
  • region 1 which was exposed through the black region of the negative all the residual charge remained on the material and white pigment was deposited on the blue, green and red areas of region 1.
  • region 2 which was exposed through the red portion of the negative the red sensitive area was Mitchalac 1092 g 2 Aluminium stearate g 0.1 Isopar G ml 20
  • the above ingredients are ball-milled together for 40 hours and diluted to 500 ml. with Isopar G for use.
  • Diagram VA shows the charge pattern remaining on the electrophotographic material after the exposure
  • Diagram VB- shows the pigment build-up after the development step with the cyan pigment.
  • the small 0 indicates the areas in each region 1 to 8 in which cyan pigment has been deposited.
  • region 1 no cyan pigment has been deposited because in all three areas the white pigment repelling material has been deposited, thus even though the red sensitised area of this region carried a residual charge no cyan pigment was deposited thereon.
  • region 2 the red sensitised area carried a residual charge after the exposure and thus in this area the cyan pigment was deposited.
  • cyan pigment was deposited only on these areas where no White pigment had been deposited previously.
  • Diagram VIA shows the residual charge remaining on the material, after the exposure and Diagram VIB shows the cumulative pigment deposition on the material after the magenta pigment development.
  • Diagram VIIA shows the residual charge remaining on the material after the exposure and Diagram VIIB shows the deposition of the yellow pigment on the material after the development of the yellow pigment. This is the final development step.
  • a residual charge remains but yellow pigment could only be deposited in these blue sensitised areas Where no white pigment had been deposited previously.
  • the cyan toner put down in the first colour toning step repels both the magenta and yellow toner particles which are applied subsequently it is not necessary that the areas of electrophotographic material on which the cyan toner has been deposited should be discharged during the exposures to either magenta or yellow light because even if it is not discharged no magenta or yellow particles can be deposited thereon. Thus no exposure of the material through the back to ensure complete discharge of the areas covered by the cyan toner is required.
  • magenta tone put down in the second colour toning step repels the yellow particles which are applied subsequently it is not necessary that the areas of the electrophotographic material on which the magneta toner has been deposited should be discharged during the subsequent yellow light exposure. Thus again no exposure of the material through the back thereof to ensure complete discharge of the areas covered by the magenta toner is required.
  • Zinc oxide is ball-milled for 24 hours in the following formulation.
  • the zinc oxide is Imperial Smelting Fotofax, B 87-09 resin supplied by Cray Valley Products Ltd. of St. Mary Cray, England.
  • Sensitizers for the blue, green and red regions of the spectrum are prepared as follows:
  • Blue sensitizer 20 mg. of the dye of the formula are dissolved in 40 ml. methanol. 20 g. Fotofax zinc oxide is stirred in, and the suspension evaporated to dryness.
  • the dye sensitized zinc oxide is ball-milled for 2 hours in the following formulation.
  • the suspension is diluted to 500 ml. with Isopar G for use.
  • Green sensitizer The green sensitizer is prepared in an identical manner to the blue sensitizer, except that the dye used is Rose Bengal (CI 45440), and 60 mg. are dissolved in 40 ml. methanol.
  • Red sensitizer The red sensitizer is prepared in an identical manner to the blue sensitizer, except that the dye used is Patent Blue V (CI 42045),
  • the unsensitized zinc oxide paper is charged by passing it under a corona wire held at 10 kv. negative.
  • the same 100 watt tungsten lamp held at a distance of 30 cm. inches for 0.25 sec.
  • This lamp (with or without coloured filters) is used for all the exposures in the example.
  • the line screen has black lines of half the width of the spaces between, and has a spacing of 120 lines/ cm.
  • the charge remaining is toned by holding the paper in the blue sensitizer for 2 sec. and drying in a stream of warm air.
  • the paper is recharged, exposed uniformly to cyan light (Ilford filters 303, 805 and 809 in combination) for 0.5 sec. and then exposed to a line screen held at right angles to the direction of the first screen using unfiltered light for 0.25 sec.
  • This screen also has a spacing of 120 lines/ cm., but the line width is equal to the space between.
  • the charge remaining is toned by holding the paper in the green sensitizer for 2 sec. and drying in a stream of warm air.
  • the paper is again recharged and exposed uniformly to cyan light (Ilford filters 303, 805 and 809 in combination) for 1.5 sec.
  • the charge remaining is toned by holding the paper in the red sensitizer for 2 sec. and drying in a stream of warm air.
  • the paper has now been sensitized with a mosaic of blue, green and red sensitive areas, and is ready for use.
  • Yellow toner (particle repellent toner) The following formulation is ball-milled for 20 hours and then diluted to 500 ml. with Isopar G for use.
  • Kiton Yellow 2GL (CI 18,965) g 2 Mitchalac 1092 resin g 2 Aluminium stearate g 0.2 Isopar G ml 20 Cyan toner (particle repellent toner)
  • the following formulation is ball-milled for 40 hours and then diluted to 500 ml. with Isopar G for use.
  • Neozapon Blue FLE (Cl 74,400) g 1 Mitchalac 1092 resin g 2 Aluminium stearate g 0.1 v Isopar G ml 20 Magenta toner The following formulation is ball-milled for 20 hours and then diluted to 500 ml. with Isopar G for use.
  • the toners are used in the order as set forth above (i.e. yellow, cyan, magenta) so that the material may be exposed from the front.
  • the yellow toner rejects both the cyan and the magenta toner, while the cyan toner also rejects the magenta toner.
  • the paper with a latent image fixer thereon is toned so that the image becomes visible by means of the following sequence of steps.
  • the paper is charged, given an overall exposure to yellow light (Ilford filters 110, 805 and 809 in combination) for 0.5 sec., then held in the yellow toner for 2 sec., and finally dried in a stream of warm air.
  • yellow light Ilford filters 110, 805 and 809 in combination
  • the paper is recharged, given an overall exposure to cyan light (Ilford filters 303, 805 and 809 in combination) for 2.5 sec., held in the cyan toner for 2 sec., and finally dried in a stream of warm air. During this toning process no cyan particles deposit on areas in which the yellow particles have been deposited even though no exposure to cyan light through the back of the material has been carried out and thus these areas are still, in part at least, charged.
  • cyan light Ilford filters 303, 805 and 809 in combination
  • the paper is recharged again, given an overall exposure to red light (Ilford filters 205, 805 and 809 in combination) for 9 sec., followed by an overall exposure to blue light (Ilford filters 806, 805 and 809 in combination) for 9 sec., then held in magenta toner for 2 sec., and finally dried in a stream of warm air.
  • red light Ilford filters 205, 805 and 809 in combination
  • blue light Ilford filters 806, 805 and 809 in combination
  • a process for the production of a three color xerographic print using photoconductive material of the mosaic type in which discrete particles or areas of said mosaic are sensitized individually to red, green or blue light which consists essentionally of (1) uniformly electrostatically charging said photoconductive material (2) exposing said charged photoconductive material to light from a three color original wherein no light filter is interposed between said original and said photoconductive material (3) developing the charge pattern image formed on said photoconductive material with a latent image fixer selected from the group consisting of magnesium carbonate toner and a toner which is a panchromatic sensitizer for said photoconductive material (4) recharging the developed surface of said photoconductive material uniformly and exposing the developed side of said photoconductive material to light from said original which first passes through a red filter (5) developing the charge pattern image formed on said photoconductive material with a cyan phthalocyanine pigment toner which repels other pigment toners (6) re-charging said developed surface of said photoconductive material uniformly and exposing said developed side of said photoconductive material to light from said

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Color Electrophotography (AREA)
US00206415A 1970-12-09 1971-12-09 Color electrophotography using toners of the repellent type Expired - Lifetime US3748125A (en)

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US (1) US3748125A (enExample)
AU (1) AU454595B2 (enExample)
DE (1) DE2161175A1 (enExample)
FR (1) FR2117559A5 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1330325A (enExample)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3910232A (en) * 1973-06-14 1975-10-07 Canon Kk Color reproduction device
US3915703A (en) * 1972-08-07 1975-10-28 Hitachi Ltd Photoconductive composition and element employing a sensitizer and a light filtering substance
US4524117A (en) * 1983-06-30 1985-06-18 Mita Industrial Co., Ltd. Electrophotographic method for the formation of two-colored images

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4786939A (en) * 1985-08-23 1988-11-22 Konishiroku Photo Industry Co., Ltd. Image forming apparatus

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3915703A (en) * 1972-08-07 1975-10-28 Hitachi Ltd Photoconductive composition and element employing a sensitizer and a light filtering substance
US3910232A (en) * 1973-06-14 1975-10-07 Canon Kk Color reproduction device
US4524117A (en) * 1983-06-30 1985-06-18 Mita Industrial Co., Ltd. Electrophotographic method for the formation of two-colored images

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FR2117559A5 (enExample) 1972-07-21
GB1330325A (en) 1973-09-19
AU3648071A (en) 1973-06-21
AU454595B2 (en) 1974-10-31
DE2161175A1 (de) 1972-06-22

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