US3745924A - Plastic cartridge case - Google Patents

Plastic cartridge case Download PDF

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Publication number
US3745924A
US3745924A US00023861A US3745924DA US3745924A US 3745924 A US3745924 A US 3745924A US 00023861 A US00023861 A US 00023861A US 3745924D A US3745924D A US 3745924DA US 3745924 A US3745924 A US 3745924A
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United States
Prior art keywords
casing
cartridge
plastic
mouth
polyethylene
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00023861A
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English (en)
Inventor
J Scanlon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Remington Arms Co LLC
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Remington Arms Co LLC
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Remington Arms Co LLC filed Critical Remington Arms Co LLC
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Publication of US3745924A publication Critical patent/US3745924A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
    • F42B5/26—Cartridge cases
    • F42B5/36—Cartridge cases modified for housing an integral firing-cap
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
    • F42B5/26—Cartridge cases
    • F42B5/30—Cartridge cases of plastics, i.e. the cartridge-case tube is of plastics
    • F42B5/307—Cartridge cases of plastics, i.e. the cartridge-case tube is of plastics formed by assembling several elements

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A plastic cartridge whose ballistics are equivalent to existing metallic cartridges and which can be fired in ex isting firearms. A non-expanding metal head is securely attached to the breech end of the plastic casing by compressively squeezing the rear end of the plastic casing between a metal head and a second metallic member, either an annular support member plus a primer or by the primer itself.
  • the plastic casing is preferably formed by drawing at least the front end of the casing and then necking down the mouth portion.
  • the preferable plastic materials for cartridge casings include polycarbonates, polysulfones, and blends of plastics, e. g. a blend of polyethylene and polycarbonate, a blend of polyethylene and polysulfones, and alloys of polysulfones and polycarbonates.
  • This invention relates to cartridges for firearms, particularly to cartridges having plastic body casings with metal heads attached to the breech ends of the cartridges, and the method of attaching the metal heads to the plastic body casings.
  • Another aspect of this application relates to the drawing of certain plastics and blends and an alloy of plastics which heretofore had not been cold worked for ammunition purposes.
  • the present invention relates to another approach which includes the advantages of: (1) having less weight than conventional ammunition; (2) being less expensive to manufacture; (3) avoids use of critical materials such as brass or aluminum; (4) utilizing an extractable cartridge casing; (5) being interchangeable with conventional ammunition in existing guns; (6) being strong and heat resistant enough to be used in automatic weapons, and (7) requires less propellant powder for equivalent ballistics than conventional ammunition probably because of thethermal insulation properties of the plastic cartridge.
  • the major object of this invention is to provide a plastic-bodied cartridge which has sufficient strength to withstand the handling, storing, and firing requirements of modern firearms.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a unique plastic casing to metal head attachment and the method of attaching thereof.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a plastic-bodied cartridge which is suitable for high-powered center fire use.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a plastic-bodied cartridge which will provide ballistics which are equivalent to conventional ammunition and which can be tired in existing firearms without modifying the forearm.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a drawn-plastic casing in which the mouth end is necked down and cold worked to provide additional strength.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a drawn-plastic casing which utilizes plastics, or blends or alloys of plastics, which have not been cold worked previously for ammunition purposes.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide plastic cartridges which are suitable for the demanding requirements of automatic weapons.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional side view of a loaded cartridge which incorporates the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional side view of the molded plastic slug prior to being drawn.
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional side view of the plastic casing after drawing.
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional side view of the drawn plastic casing of FIG. 3 with a battery-cup type metallic member positioned in the primer cavity.
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional side view of the drawn plastic casing of FIG. 4 with a metallic head member positioned thereon.
  • FIG. 6 is a sectional side view of the drawn plastic casing of FIG. 5 with the front end necked down to form a smaller diameter mouth portion.
  • FIG. 7 is a sectional side view of the drawn plastic casing of FIG. 6 having a primer positioned in place.
  • FIG. 8 is a side elevation of the equipment used to draw the plastic slug.
  • FIG. 9 is a side elevation of the equipment used to neck down the mouth end of the cartridge casing.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a loaded round of ammunition 10 in which the elongated body casing 12 is made of a suitable plastic material, e. g. polycarbonate. Other thermoplastic materials are also suitable and will be discussed later.
  • a suitable plastic material e. g. polycarbonate.
  • Other thermoplastic materials are also suitable and will be discussed later.
  • Plastic casing 12 has a main body portion 14 which is necked down at its front end 16 to form a mouth portion in which projectile 18 is secured by a force fit or any other conventional manner.
  • a transverse wall 20 closes off the body casing 12 adjacent to the breech end 22 thereof and includes a flash hole opening 24 therein.
  • a realtively thin-walled, annular skirt or flange member 26 Integrally formed with the transverse wall 20 and projecting rearwardly to the breech end or breech face of the cartridge is a realtively thin-walled, annular skirt or flange member 26.
  • the inner periphery 26A of the skirt 26 and the rear wall surface 20A of the transverse wall 20 define a primer cavity 28 in which a battery-type metal cup or annular support member 30 is positioned in force-fitting relationship.
  • a metal head member 32 Co-operating with cup 30 in placing the annular skirt 26 in compression is a metal head member 32 which engages the outer periphery 26B of skirt 26.
  • a metallic primer 34 Positioned within cup 30 in forcefitting relationship is a metallic primer 34 which assists in putting the plastic annular skirt 26 in compression. Positioned within the main body portion is a propellant means 36. It should be appreciated that skirt 26 should be thin enough so that the skirt can be put in compression by the action of the metal head 32 and the cup 30.
  • FIG. 1 shows the metal head-plastic casing attachment as it applies to a center-fire type cartridge, in this case the 5.56 mm, it should be noted that the invention could also be used with shotgun shells or pistol cartridges where the outer periphery of the metal head could either be flush with the outer periphery of the body 12 (as shown) or it could extend outwardly of the body cavity.
  • the metal head 32 is made of hardened steel (RC 45-50) which has a yield strength of about 1 10,000 psi in order to prevent head expansion into unsupported areas under firing pressures of about 50,000 psi. Obviously, for other firing pressures other unyielding or non-expanding head members may be suitable.
  • RC 45-50 hardened steel
  • the battery type cup or annular support member 30 is also made of metal, preferably brass, copper, steel, or any other suitable metal which is rigid enough to cooperate with the steel head 32 to put the plastic annular skirt under compression but which nevertheless will flex under firing pressure to' expand outwardly against the skirt to act as a gas seal.
  • the primer 34 can be made of any metallic materials of which conventional primers are made, e.- g. brass, steel, copper, etc.
  • FIG. 1 shows the use of a battery-cup type of support and a primer
  • a suitable casing-head attachment can be effected by omitting the battery cup and having the primer inserted directly against the inside periphery of the skirt to co-operate with the rigid head to put the skirt under compression.
  • the addition of the battery cup is useful in preventing primer blow-out and in reinforcing the head-casing attachment.
  • FIGS. 2 through 9 illustrate another aspect of the invention, i.e. the drawing of the molded casing slug 12A (shown in FIG. 2) to theelongated and drawn casing 12B (shown in FIG. 3) and finally necked down to the finished cartridge casing 12 (shown in FIG. 6).
  • the breech end of the finished casing is substantially the same as the original molded slugfwhereas the plastic slug is elongated in an axial direction as well as expanded outwardly so as to decrease the wall thickness of the body at the mouth end;
  • the cold working of the plastic slug improves the tensile strength of the finished casing as can be seen below.
  • other plastics were used to make body casings, including various blends and alloys of plastics.
  • the polyethylene mentioned above is a high-density polyolefin of the type sold by E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company as I ALATHON 7320.
  • the polycarbonate is a high molecular plastic sold by the General Electric Company as LEXAN l0l-l 11.
  • the polycarbonate is a low molecular weight plastic better suited for thin wall use and is sold by the General Electric Company as LEXAN 141R.
  • ARYLON is a polyaryl ether sold by Uniroyal as T3198 and was too brittle for this use.
  • the polysulfone used is sold by the Union Carbide Company as P 1700 and has excellent temperature resistance.
  • the polyethylene is added in small amounts to make a blend with polycarbonate and polysulfone (although not listed above) in order to make the plastic blend compatible with solvents and the environment, e. g. to relieve stress cracking. When too much polyethylene is added, the blend becomes too brittle.
  • polysulfone to polycarbonate results in improved temperature resistance.
  • the two plastics mix together to form an alloy and result in a homogeneous mass as opposed to the blend of polyethylene and polycarbonate or polyethylene and polysulfone where the plastics do not mix or form into a homogeneous mass.
  • the polysulfone and polycarbonate can be mixed in about equal proportions without causing brittleness.
  • FIG. 8 shows a plastic slug 12A positioned on a vertically movable punch 36 before the punch and slug are moved through the die means 38 so as to elongate and expand at least the front end of the casing.
  • FIG. 9 shows a die means 40 in position around casing 12 just after necking down the mouth end of the casing. Again, this particular operation is not novel and thus it does not appear necessary to enlarge the specification with extraneous matter which does not add to the understanding of the invention being claimed. This type of equipment is clearly shown, for example, in drawing aluminum cases in the US. Pat. No. 3,498,221, issued to R. W. Hilton et al., on Mar. 3, I970.
  • high density polyethylene can be cold worked to very high tensile strengths
  • the amount of cold working in the present instance does not result in sufficient tensile strength in polyethylene to be suitable for the purpose intended.
  • the amount of recovery of polyethylene in necking down the mouth of the casing rules out the use of polyethylene.
  • a cartridge comprising a one-piece casing made of thermoplastic material which is substantially noncombustible under normal firing conditions, said plastic casing having a tubular body portion with a rear breech end and a forward mouth end, said tubular body portion being substantially closed off adjacent its breech end by an integral transverse wall portion and open-ended at its forward mouth end, a relatively thinwalled annular flange projecting rearwardly from said transverse wall portion and extending to the breech end of the cartridge, said annular flange having a diameter less than the diameter of said tubular body portion, a head means made of rigid metallic material in closefitting engagement with the outer periphery of said annular flange, a metallic annular support positioned on the opposite side of said flange from said head means and co-operating therewith to place saidplastic flange in compression, primer means frictionally located within said annular metallic support so as to exert additional compressive pressure against said flange, and a flash hole opening in said transverse wall portion which permits access from said
  • a cartridge having a drawn plastic cartridge casing said casing comprising a tubular body portion having a front mouth end and a rear breech end, said front mouth end being necked down to form a smallerdiameter mouth portion in which a single projectile means is positioned, a transverse wall portion integral with said tubular body portion and located adjacent to but spaced from the breech end of the casing, an annular ring means integral with and projecting rearwardly from said transverse wall portion, said ring means being held in compression by an outer rigid metallic head member and a separate inner flexible metallic member.
  • a cartridge as recited in claim 4 in which said necked-down mouth portion has been cold worked more than any other portion of the plastic cartridge casing and thus has improved strength properties over the remaining portions of the casing.
  • metallic member is made of material which is rigid enough to cooperate with the rigid. head to put the annular plastic ring in compression but still flexible enough to permit the inner member to expand outwardly against the annular plastic ring upon firing to act as a gas seal therewith.
  • a cartridge having a drawn plastic casing said casing having a tubular body portion and a front mouth portion which has been elongated in an axial direction as well as expanded outwardly so as to decrease the wall thickness of the body at the mouth end thereof, and to provide additional strength thereto, said mouth portion being necked down to provide an opening which is of lesser diameter than said tubular body portion, a single projectile secured in said mouth opening, said plastic casing being made of a thermoplastic material selected from the group of plastics and blends of plastics having high impact strength, dimensional stability, high flexural modulus, and high deflection tembonates, blends of minor portions of polyethylene with perature, consisting of polycarbonates, polysulfone, polysulfone, and alloys of polysulfones and polycarbonblends of minor portions of polyethylene with polycarates Inventorts) UNITED STATES r' lrrmr ormmzt C-E,fRTIFICATE 0F Q

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
US00023861A 1970-03-30 1970-03-30 Plastic cartridge case Expired - Lifetime US3745924A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US2386170A 1970-03-30 1970-03-30

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US3745924A true US3745924A (en) 1973-07-17

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US00023861A Expired - Lifetime US3745924A (en) 1970-03-30 1970-03-30 Plastic cartridge case

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US (1) US3745924A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS501319B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AR (1) AR192216A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) AT315026B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE763623A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BR (1) BR7100640D0 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA956506A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2103604A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2084005A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1330015A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (134)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3874294A (en) * 1973-01-02 1975-04-01 Remington Arms Co Inc Plastic cartridge case for high pressure center fire ammunition having multi-component stamped metal head
US3989792A (en) * 1974-04-01 1976-11-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Method for fabricating a consumable cartridge casing
US4007686A (en) * 1974-04-08 1977-02-15 Rene Gerard Hugonet Cartridge casing
US4021596A (en) * 1975-04-22 1977-05-03 Phillips Petroleum Company Polyarylene sulfide resin alloys
WO1989007496A1 (en) * 1988-02-09 1989-08-24 Vatsvog Marlo K Composite cartridge for high velocity rifles and the like
US5033386A (en) * 1988-02-09 1991-07-23 Vatsvog Marlo K Composite cartridge for high velocity rifles and the like
AU621352B2 (en) * 1988-02-09 1992-03-12 Amtech Overseas, Inc. Composite cartridge for high velocity rifles and the like
US5970879A (en) * 1997-03-17 1999-10-26 Jamison; John R. High-power firearm cartridge for short-action chamber and bolt assembly
US6752084B1 (en) 1999-01-15 2004-06-22 Amtech, Inc. Ammunition articles with plastic components and method of making ammunition articles with plastic components
US20050081704A1 (en) * 2003-05-29 2005-04-21 Nabil Husseini Ammunition articles and method of making ammunition articles
US20050257711A1 (en) * 1999-01-15 2005-11-24 Natec, Inc. A Cartridge Casing Body And An Ammunition Article Having A Cartridge Casing Body Wherein The Cartridge Casing Body Is Plastic, Ceramic, Or A Composite Material
WO2006094987A1 (en) 2005-03-07 2006-09-14 Solvay Advanced Polymers, L.L.C. Ammunition casing
WO2008091245A3 (en) * 2007-01-19 2008-09-18 Gen Dynamics Ordnance & Tactic Thin-walled cartridge casing with exterior reinforced head end
US20090044717A1 (en) * 1999-01-15 2009-02-19 Development Capital Managment Company base for a cartridge casing body for an ammunition article, a cartridge casing body and an ammunition article having such base, wherein the base is made from plastic, ceramic, or a composite material
US20120180688A1 (en) * 2011-01-14 2012-07-19 Pcp Ammunition Company Llc High strength polymer-based cartridge casing and manufacturing method
US8511231B2 (en) 2009-01-26 2013-08-20 Brejon Holdings (BVI), Ltd. Less than lethal projectile and a method for producing the same
US8573126B2 (en) 2010-07-30 2013-11-05 Pcp Tactical, Llc Cartridge base and plastic cartridge case assembly for ammunition cartridge
US20140076188A1 (en) * 2011-07-28 2014-03-20 Mac, Llc Polymeric ammunition casing geometry
US8763535B2 (en) 2011-01-14 2014-07-01 Pcp Tactical, Llc Narrowing high strength polymer-based cartridge casing for blank and subsonic ammunition
US8807008B2 (en) 2011-01-14 2014-08-19 Pcp Tactical, Llc Polymer-based machine gun belt links and cartridge casings and manufacturing method
USD715888S1 (en) 2012-01-13 2014-10-21 Pcp Tactical, Llc Radiused insert
US8869702B2 (en) 2011-01-14 2014-10-28 Pcp Tactical, Llc Variable inside shoulder polymer cartridge
US9021959B2 (en) 2009-01-26 2015-05-05 Brejon Holdings (BVI), Ltd. Less than lethal cartridge
US9103613B2 (en) 2009-01-26 2015-08-11 Brejon Holdings (BVI), Ltd. Multiple cartridge assembly for less than lethal cartridge
US20150241184A1 (en) * 2010-11-10 2015-08-27 True Velocity, Inc. Lightweight Polymer Ammunition Cartridge Casings
US20150300791A1 (en) * 2013-10-15 2015-10-22 Olin Corporation Composite cartridge case
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US20160356588A1 (en) * 2010-11-10 2016-12-08 True Velocity, Inc. Primer diffuser for polymer ammunition cartridges
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US10041770B2 (en) 2010-11-10 2018-08-07 True Velocity, Inc. Metal injection molded ammunition cartridge
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2103604A1 (de) 1971-10-21
BE763623A (fr) 1971-09-02
AT315026B (de) 1974-05-10
JPS501319B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-01-17
CA956506A (en) 1974-10-22
BR7100640D0 (pt) 1973-05-10
GB1330015A (en) 1973-09-12
FR2084005A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-12-17
AR192216A1 (es) 1973-02-08

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