US3742516A - Electro-ionic printing apparatus - Google Patents

Electro-ionic printing apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3742516A
US3742516A US00235186A US3742516DA US3742516A US 3742516 A US3742516 A US 3742516A US 00235186 A US00235186 A US 00235186A US 3742516D A US3742516D A US 3742516DA US 3742516 A US3742516 A US 3742516A
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United States
Prior art keywords
slot
electrodes
electro
printing apparatus
ionic
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US00235186A
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English (en)
Inventor
L Cavanaugh
Curry R Mc
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International Business Machines Corp
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International Business Machines Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/22—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20
    • G03G15/32—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20 in which the charge pattern is formed dotwise, e.g. by a thermal head
    • G03G15/321—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20 in which the charge pattern is formed dotwise, e.g. by a thermal head by charge transfer onto the recording material in accordance with the image
    • G03G15/323—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20 in which the charge pattern is formed dotwise, e.g. by a thermal head by charge transfer onto the recording material in accordance with the image by modulating charged particles through holes or a slit

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT An improved printing head for forming electrostatic images on a dielectric surface by controlling the relative ion concentration in a gas stream moving through a slot and directed upon said dielectric surface.
  • Application of an electric field across selected pairs of an array of spaced electrodes in the slot enables the stream to vary in ion concentration so as to cause the formation of a desired linear charge configuration on the dielectric.
  • Selective application of low voltage electric fields to selected arrays of the electrodes causes formation of desired image charge configurations on the dielectric surface.
  • the invention relates broadly to the control of the a o ge erati g C be Similar to the one shown ion concentration in a gas stream, and more particularly to the formation of an image on a dielectric surface by directing thereon a controlled concentration of ions borne by the gas stream.
  • the present invention provides an ionic printing head which utilizes a plurality of pairs of electrodes located on opposite sides of a common slot through which an ionized gas stream is moved, energized by relatively low voltages to cause image formation upon a dielectric surface.
  • Another object is to provide a relatively simple and inexpensive apparatus for forming latent images on a dielectric surface.
  • Yet another object is to provide a relatively simple and inexpensive means for forming latent images on an image receiving surface by controlling ion concentration in a moving gas stream directed on said surface.
  • Still another object is to provide electrostatic images of a high quality and resolution on a dielectric surface.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an ion printer head capable of writing block" style characters rather than dot or matrix style characters.
  • Another object is to provide an improved ionic print head which is easier and more economical to manufacture.
  • FIG. 1 shows an improved ion head assembly
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration showing 3 channels of the head assembly of FIG. 1 interconnected between a DC power supply and a character pulsing means;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic arrangement of a printer utilizing the head assembly of FIG. 1;
  • FIGS. 4a, 4b, and 4c show schematically the 7 control channels of a serial print head as shown in FIG. 1 and the pulse patterns for forming images of the alphabetic characters E and H, respectively.
  • a gas for example, air under pressure
  • the gas exiting from chamber 1 is laden with a very high concentration of ions.
  • Chamber 1 communicates with a slot in the print head assembly 4. This slot is divided, electrically, into a plurality of ion channels.
  • Each channel comprises a pair of electrical conducting electrodes, such as Sal and SM, separated from adjacent electrodes by insulating spacers such as 63a and 63b.
  • the head assembly 4 is held together and attached to the ion chamber by any suitable means not shown.
  • the head assembly 4 provides a plurality of longitudinal ion flow channels which are physically common but are electrically insulated from each other to provide a plurality of individual ion streams, each of high ion concentration.
  • the cross-section of each channel may be any suitable configuration, for example, square, rectangular, or any other desired cross-section.
  • Attached to the top and bottom electrodes are electrical lines l5al5g, 16a-l6g. Lines l6a-l6g are connected in common to a DC power supply, while the lines 15al5g are individually controlled by differentially timed pulses issued by a character pulsing means.
  • ion concentration decreases as a result of recombination and neutralization at the channel walls.
  • the ion loss through a conductive wall may be substantially increased by superimposing an electrical field across opposng channel walls, for example, the top and bottom electrodes.
  • Application of a sufficiently large electrical field will remove substantially percent of the ion concentration in the gas stream of the particular channel.
  • the reduction of this electrical field reduces the extent of recombination and neutralization; thus by reducing the electrical field to substantially zero, the maximum concentration of ions may be transmitted through the channels.
  • the concentration of ions and, hence, the electrical charge transmitted through each individual channel is controlled by an appropriate electrical field applied transversely to the direction of stream flow.
  • the electrical field is induced by application of an electrical potential through the lines 15a-l5g connected to the opposing electrodes of the channels shown in the drawing of FIG. 1.
  • the write state of a channel is attained when a low or zero transverse electrical field is applied, and the off state is attained with the application of a greater biasing electrical field to remove more ions from the gas stream.
  • the variation of the electrical potentials to produce character printing is controlled by the character pulsing means.
  • FIG. 2 The application of desired electrical fields to a write head is schematically illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • the write head is partially shown schematically with three capacitors, representing three of the seven channels shown in FIG. 1.
  • each capacitor is seen connected between the character pulsing means by way of lines l5all5g and the DC power supply, the latter being adjusted to a desired potential V, for example, volts, to obtain the desired ion output.
  • the character pulsing means supplies pulses of appropriate polarity and magnitude substantially equal to the potential V of the power supply.
  • FIG. 3 shows schematically a printer arrangement for forming a latent electrostatic image upon a dielectric medium Ztl moving from right to left underneath a precharging unit 21 that precharges the medium with a desired potnetial with polarity opposite the ion polarity.
  • the precharged dielectric medium moves underneath a write head 4" similar to that described above.
  • the write head communicates with ion generator 1.
  • a latent electrostatic image of alphabetical characters is formed upon the precharged dielectric surface of medium 20.
  • the medium 20 with its latent image passes through a developer 22 and thereafter through a fixer 23, both of which are well known in the art.
  • the developed and fixed latent image After passing through the lixer, the developed and fixed latent image provides a visible permanent image comprised of two alphabetic characters E and H.
  • the character pulse means as men tioned herein above, may provide any desired combination of electrical pulses to the individual channels of the write head image on provide any desired configured latent image on the dielectric surface of medium 20.
  • Ion transmission is turned on by applying a pulse of the polarity and amplitude as the bias voltage to the electrode on the other side of the slot in the region where one wants the transmission to occur.
  • a pulse of the polarity and amplitude as the bias voltage to the electrode on the other side of the slot in the region where one wants the transmission to occur.
  • all 7 electrodes are pulsed simultaneously, thus permitting ion transmission through the entire slot cross section for a short time.
  • To write a line perpendicular to it one applies a long pulse to one electrode, and as the paper moves by, a line is written the length of the line depending on paper speed and the length of the writing pulse.
  • the two lines above will be perpendicular if the long direction of the slot is accurately at 90 to the direction of relative motion. If this condition is not met, sloping characters will be written.
  • the formation of alphabetical characters by means of printer arrangement of FIG. 3 may be described with reference to FIGS. 4a, 4b, and 4c.
  • FIG. 4a shows a line arrangement of '7 capacitors representing the 7 channels of the write head.
  • the left sides, Sal-507 of the capacitors, are connected to l5 volt DC supply whereas the right sides, 5bl-5b7 of the capacitors, are connected to the character pulsing means, not shown, that selectively pulses the right sides of these capacitors to cause formation of the desired latent image on the dielectric medium Ztl. From an inspection of FIG.
  • the character pulsing means applies zero voltage to electrodes represented by 5122, 5113, 5b5, and 5b6. These electrodes are maintained at zero potential for the duration of the character formation.
  • the -l5v potential on electrode 5174 is maintained on for four time intervals. It is understood that the latent image is being formed on the dielectric medium as the latter moves from right to left under the respective channels of the write head.
  • the pattern of pulses applied to the respective channels is consistent for the formation of the alphabetical character H.
  • the factor which permits block type of characters to be formed is that when adjacent electrodes are at the same electrical potential and near the same potential as the opposite electrodes, ions will be transmitted through the channel between the electrodes and also through the region of the gap between electrodes, provided the geometry is chosen judiciously.
  • An electro-ionic printing apparatus comprising, in combination,
  • a source of gas-carried ions comprising a pressurized gas source and means for generating a high concentration of ions therein,
  • Electrodes associated with said slot, said electrodes being arranged in pairs on opposite sides of said slot and spaced at intervals along said slot, said electrodes extending for substantially the depth of said slot,
  • Electrodes comprise a plurality of electrically conductive plates separated by plates of insulation, and having interior edges opposing the opposite electrode edge in said slot.
  • An electro-ionic printing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, in which said slot is formed by a first and a second set of electrodes extending the depth of the slot, the respective electrodes in said sets being located opposite each other within said slot, and electrical insulating spacing plates separating said electrodes.
  • An electro-ionic printing apparatus as claimed in claim 3, in which all of the electrodes on one side of said slot are commonly connected to a bias voltage supply.
  • An electro-ionic printing apparatus as claimed in claim 3 in which the electrodes located on one side of said slot are selectively energized to affect the ion flow from said slot.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Printers Or Recording Devices Using Electromagnetic And Radiation Means (AREA)
  • Electrophotography Using Other Than Carlson'S Method (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Fax Reproducing Arrangements (AREA)
US00235186A 1972-03-16 1972-03-16 Electro-ionic printing apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3742516A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US23518672A 1972-03-16 1972-03-16

Publications (1)

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US3742516A true US3742516A (en) 1973-06-26

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US00235186A Expired - Lifetime US3742516A (en) 1972-03-16 1972-03-16 Electro-ionic printing apparatus

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US (1) US3742516A (en(2012))
JP (1) JPS495031A (en(2012))
CA (1) CA1007284A (en(2012))
DE (1) DE2306606A1 (en(2012))
FR (1) FR2175791B2 (en(2012))
GB (1) GB1406014A (en(2012))
IT (1) IT978351B (en(2012))

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3978492A (en) * 1971-09-25 1976-08-31 Agfa-Gevaert, A.G. Process for the electrographic recording of charge images in a low electron affinity case
US4338614A (en) * 1979-10-22 1982-07-06 Markem Corporation Electrostatic print head
EP0099243A1 (en) * 1982-07-06 1984-01-25 Xerox Corporation Fluid jet assisted electrographic marking apparatus
EP0120621A1 (en) * 1983-03-02 1984-10-03 Xerox Corporation Electrographic marking apparatus and method
EP0122003A1 (en) * 1983-04-01 1984-10-17 Xerox Corporation Electrographic marking apparatus
US4734721A (en) * 1985-10-04 1988-03-29 Markem Corporation Electrostatic printer utilizing dehumidified air
US4762997A (en) * 1983-11-30 1988-08-09 Xerox Corporation Fluid jet assisted ion projection charging method
US4772901A (en) * 1986-07-29 1988-09-20 Markem Corporation Electrostatic printing utilizing dehumidified air
US4809027A (en) * 1986-07-29 1989-02-28 Markem Corporation Offset electrostatic printing utilizing a heated air flow
US4809026A (en) * 1986-07-29 1989-02-28 Markem Corporation Electrostatic printing utilizing a heated air flow
US5039598A (en) * 1989-12-29 1991-08-13 Xerox Corporation Ionographic imaging system
US5073434A (en) * 1989-12-29 1991-12-17 Xerox Corporation Ionographic imaging system
US5153618A (en) * 1989-12-29 1992-10-06 Xerox Corporation Ionographic imaging system
US5270741A (en) * 1991-02-20 1993-12-14 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Apparatus for generating ions in solid ion recording head with improved stability
US5394176A (en) * 1992-03-24 1995-02-28 Nippon Steel Corporation Electrostatic printing apparatus
US20110151372A1 (en) * 2009-12-17 2011-06-23 Masaki Watanabe Toner, image forming method using the toner, and image forming apparatus using the toner
DE112008002058B4 (de) * 2007-07-30 2019-01-24 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Elektrographische Vorrichtung und elektrographisches Verfahren zum Erzeugen eines latenten Bilds auf einer Bilderzeugungsoberfläche
US10324388B2 (en) * 2016-03-18 2019-06-18 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Toner, toner stored unit, image forming apparatus, and image forming method

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3266046A (en) * 1961-01-24 1966-08-09 Le Febure Inc Electrostatic printer
US3449753A (en) * 1965-02-01 1969-06-10 Burroughs Corp Apparatus for controlling contrast in electrostatic printers
US3495269A (en) * 1966-12-19 1970-02-10 Xerox Corp Electrographic recording method and apparatus with inert gaseous discharge ionization and acceleration gaps
US3594162A (en) * 1967-11-22 1971-07-20 Agfa Gevaert Ag Electrographic recording process with charging deflection
US3611414A (en) * 1969-09-03 1971-10-05 Eastman Kodak Co Electrographic oscillograph

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1934890C3 (de) * 1969-07-10 1979-06-13 Agfa-Gevaert Ag, 5090 Leverkusen Vorrichtung zur bildmäßigen Aufladung eines elektrisch isolierenden Aufzeichnungsmaterials

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3266046A (en) * 1961-01-24 1966-08-09 Le Febure Inc Electrostatic printer
US3449753A (en) * 1965-02-01 1969-06-10 Burroughs Corp Apparatus for controlling contrast in electrostatic printers
US3495269A (en) * 1966-12-19 1970-02-10 Xerox Corp Electrographic recording method and apparatus with inert gaseous discharge ionization and acceleration gaps
US3594162A (en) * 1967-11-22 1971-07-20 Agfa Gevaert Ag Electrographic recording process with charging deflection
US3611414A (en) * 1969-09-03 1971-10-05 Eastman Kodak Co Electrographic oscillograph

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3978492A (en) * 1971-09-25 1976-08-31 Agfa-Gevaert, A.G. Process for the electrographic recording of charge images in a low electron affinity case
US4338614A (en) * 1979-10-22 1982-07-06 Markem Corporation Electrostatic print head
EP0099243A1 (en) * 1982-07-06 1984-01-25 Xerox Corporation Fluid jet assisted electrographic marking apparatus
US4463363A (en) * 1982-07-06 1984-07-31 Xerox Corporation Fluid assisted ion projection printing
EP0120621A1 (en) * 1983-03-02 1984-10-03 Xerox Corporation Electrographic marking apparatus and method
EP0122003A1 (en) * 1983-04-01 1984-10-17 Xerox Corporation Electrographic marking apparatus
US4524371A (en) * 1983-04-01 1985-06-18 Xerox Corporation Modulation structure for fluid jet assisted ion projection printing apparatus
US4762997A (en) * 1983-11-30 1988-08-09 Xerox Corporation Fluid jet assisted ion projection charging method
US4734721A (en) * 1985-10-04 1988-03-29 Markem Corporation Electrostatic printer utilizing dehumidified air
US4809027A (en) * 1986-07-29 1989-02-28 Markem Corporation Offset electrostatic printing utilizing a heated air flow
US4772901A (en) * 1986-07-29 1988-09-20 Markem Corporation Electrostatic printing utilizing dehumidified air
US4809026A (en) * 1986-07-29 1989-02-28 Markem Corporation Electrostatic printing utilizing a heated air flow
US5039598A (en) * 1989-12-29 1991-08-13 Xerox Corporation Ionographic imaging system
US5073434A (en) * 1989-12-29 1991-12-17 Xerox Corporation Ionographic imaging system
US5153618A (en) * 1989-12-29 1992-10-06 Xerox Corporation Ionographic imaging system
US5270741A (en) * 1991-02-20 1993-12-14 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Apparatus for generating ions in solid ion recording head with improved stability
US5394176A (en) * 1992-03-24 1995-02-28 Nippon Steel Corporation Electrostatic printing apparatus
DE112008002058B4 (de) * 2007-07-30 2019-01-24 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Elektrographische Vorrichtung und elektrographisches Verfahren zum Erzeugen eines latenten Bilds auf einer Bilderzeugungsoberfläche
US20110151372A1 (en) * 2009-12-17 2011-06-23 Masaki Watanabe Toner, image forming method using the toner, and image forming apparatus using the toner
US10324388B2 (en) * 2016-03-18 2019-06-18 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Toner, toner stored unit, image forming apparatus, and image forming method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT978351B (it) 1974-09-20
FR2175791A2 (en(2012)) 1973-10-26
JPS495031A (en(2012)) 1974-01-17
FR2175791B2 (en(2012)) 1978-01-13
GB1406014A (en) 1975-09-10
DE2306606A1 (de) 1973-09-20
CA1007284A (en) 1977-03-22

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