US3742292A - Electronic tubes such as tetrodes for very high frequency operation - Google Patents

Electronic tubes such as tetrodes for very high frequency operation Download PDF

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Publication number
US3742292A
US3742292A US00203360A US3742292DA US3742292A US 3742292 A US3742292 A US 3742292A US 00203360 A US00203360 A US 00203360A US 3742292D A US3742292D A US 3742292DA US 3742292 A US3742292 A US 3742292A
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United States
Prior art keywords
grid
cathode
screen
high frequency
extremity
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00203360A
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English (en)
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P Gerlach
G Sire
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Thales SA
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Thomson CSF SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J19/00—Details of vacuum tubes of the types covered by group H01J21/00
    • H01J19/78—One or more circuit elements structurally associated with the tube
    • H01J19/80—Structurally associated resonator having distributed inductance and capacitance
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P7/00—Resonators of the waveguide type
    • H01P7/04—Coaxial resonators

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Tetrode operating at very high frequencies according to a grounded cathode mode.
  • All the coaxial cylindrical electrodes are extended outside the exhausted enclosure, with cylindrical conductive walls forming coaxial cavities which are tunable by means of ring pistons. Furthermore, the screen-grid is connected to a central conductive cylinder passing through the cathode and extending as the electrodes do, with a cylindrical conductive wall constituting with that one extending from the cathode a cavity which is tuned for ensuring a high frequency short-circuit between the cathode and the screen-grid.
  • the present invention relates to electronic tubes for operation at very high frequencies, and in particular to tetrode tubes of high-gain and high-power type.
  • These very high-frequency tubes predominantly utilize coaxial cavities, the electrodes there more often than not being constituted by coaxial cylinders which respectively play the part of cathode, control grid, screen-grid and anode. They are prolonged with coaxial lines which are chiefly made by means of coaxial cylinders between which the cavities are located, said cavities being for example an input and an output one.
  • a circuit diagram equivalent to a tetrode tube operating on microwave signals comprises a resistor in series with the cathode circuit.
  • the cathode high frequency potential as being the high frequency reference potential the other electrodes have a high frequency potential which cannot be zero.
  • a known solution to the increase of the power gain of a tetrode is, as has been mentioned hereinbefore, the modification of the arrangement of the electrode connections, in order to enable the grounded cathode system to be used, in which system the resistor of the equivalent circuit diagram is connected in the controlgrid circuit and consequently wherein a high-frequency short circuit is provided between the cathode and the screen-grid.
  • This modification can be effected inside the tube by crossing the connections of cathode and control-grid but has the drawback that it introduces a top limit on the operating frequency, which is due to parasitic coupling and increase in the inductances produced by these connections.
  • connection contributes to the output for the amplified microwave power and is an element of the output line, at the same time producing an effective screen between the input and output circuits; the other connection satisfies the condition which must be met by the desired mode of operation, ensuring the production of a zero high-frequency potential in relation to the cathode.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic view of a known type of tetrode, for operation at very high frequencies
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a microwave tetrode in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 1 provides a schematic view of a known kind of tetrode operating at very high frequency and arranged in a grounded cathode system, the illustration not being a scale one and having been given in fact purely by way of an example of the prior art.
  • the tetrode tube itself comprises four cylindrical electrodes, a cathode 1, a control grid 2, suspended at one of its ends from a central support 5 used as the grid connection, a screen-grid 3, and an anode 4.
  • the resonant cavities of the tube are constituted by cylindrical rings 6, 7 and 8, composed of the intervals between conductive walls (103 for example) extending the electrodes 2, l, 3 and 4, and constituting coaxial cylinders; these conductive walls are fixed to the electrodes by means of conductive collars (101 for example) making possible the transition between the small distances between the electrodes and the distances necessary between the cylindrical wall for a convenient operation of the cavities.
  • the means for assuming the tightness of the ex- I hausted enclosure for the electrodes are schematically represented on the figure between the cylindrical walls; they are for example constituted by ceramic rings tightly closing the cavities near the collars.
  • Pistons 16,- 17 and 18, of ring-form are movable in the cavities 6, 7 and 8.
  • Classical biasing means are used for ap plying continuous convenient voltages onto the electrodes.
  • the conductive walls are isolated from the con tinuous biasing voltages by electrically insulating means constituted for example by mica rings (102 for example). u
  • the high frequency power input and output are respectively assumed'by microwave couplers l0 and 11.
  • the microwave input to the tube is effected through the coupler 10 into the cavity 6 between the cathode l and the control grid 2; the output is through the coupler 11, via the cavity 8 between the screen-grid 3 and the anode 4.
  • the pistons 16 and 18 assume the tuning of the input and output cavities.
  • the grounded cathode arrangement is rendered possible by the special disposition of the connections of the control grid 2, inside the tube. In other words, with the help of the piston 17 it is possible to achieve a microwave short-circuit between the cathode l and the screen-grid-3. In this fashion, the production of the grounded cathode arrangement is not accompanied by the aforestated drawbacks such-as parasitic coupling or obligatory dismantling of the cavities on installation of the tube.
  • the tuning of the input circuit which is effected by the piston 16, to the k /4 mode'for example can only be achieved for long wavelengths k, that is to say relatively low frequencies, since the piston 16 cannot penetrate into the inside of the tetrode tube itself, and thus reach the position 19, for example shown in dotted fashion.
  • the higher order mode can then be used, this enabling the piston 16 to reach a viable position, albeit at the expense of the passband which, considering for example the (3 )t)/4 mode, is reduced in the ratio of around 4.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a tetrode in accordance with the invention.
  • the continuous biasing voltages are applied onto the electrodes as earlier said in connection with FIG. 1; the biasing means are not represented on FIG. 2 because they are similar to the classical ones.
  • the four electrodes themselves are arranged as electrodes of every microwave operating tetrode and for example tetrode of FIG. 1.
  • An anode 24 having a cylindrical shape contains the tight exhausted enclosure 20 wherein are arranged the three other electrodes: cathode 21, control-grid 22, screen-grid 23.
  • the electrodes are extended with conductive walls having an approximately cylindrical shape and constituting the beginning of the tube cavities.
  • the electrical insulation of said walls and the tightness of the enclosure 20 are assumed by rings 44 made of a material being mechanically strong and electrically insulating, ceramic for example.
  • the resonant cavities are extended outside the exhausted enclosure 20 with conductive cylindrical walls, looking like those of FIG. 1 and being also electrically insulated from the continuous voltages appearing between the electrodes. by insulating rings 104 made of mica for example.
  • two cylindrical walls 105 and 106 are extending from the cathode 21. They are equivalent with regard to the high frequency signal and are only used for applying a small continuous heating voltage between the two ends of a cylindrical mesh 110 which is mounted onto the cathode 21 for heating it.
  • control-grid 22 is prolongated with a cylindrical wall 108 while the screen-grid 23 is carried by a cylindrical support 25 passing through the cathode 21, whose walls are electrically conductive, constituting one of the two connections by means of which the screen-grid 23 is connected with the exterior, and on which is mounted a conductive cylinder 109, the other connection of said screen-grid being prolongated with the cylindrical wall 107.
  • the anode 24 is prolongated with the cylindrical wall 103.
  • the high frequency wave is applied to the controlgrid 22 by means of a coupling device entering for example into the input cavity delimitated by the walls and 108 and their extensions towards the cathode and the control-grid.
  • This coupling device is not shown on FIG. 2 which is a sectional view; it is indeed disposed in a zone of the pheriphery of the tube not encumbered with the pistons rods which rods are shown on the figure.
  • Said input cavity is tuned by means of the piston 113. 1
  • the extraction of the high frequency amplified wave is realized for example by means of a coupling device entering into the output cavity of the tube which cavity is delimitated by the walls 107 and 103 extending towards the screen-grid 23 and the anode 24. Said output cavity is tuned by means of the piston 111.
  • the grounded cathode arrangement is easily obtained by adjusting the piston 114 which is movable in the cavity delimitated by the walls 106 and 109 and their extensions, is such a way that a high-frequency short circuit is established between the cathode 21 and the screen-grid 23, that is to say between the cathode and the walls of the cylindrical support 25.
  • a piston 112 is movable in the cavity delimitated by the walls 107 and 108 and their extensions towards the screen-grid 23 and the control-grid 22, and is adjusted in such a way that it brings about a quasiinfinite high frequency impedance between said two electrodes for avoiding production of disturbances in the tube operating due to said cavity.
  • the microwave input line between the cathode 21 and-the control grid 22, is of small length, contrary to the case of FIG. 1, so that there is less limitation on frequency.
  • the first connection of the screen-grid 23, which connection is constituted by the wall of the support 25, forms one of the elements of the cavity enabling a grounded cathode system to be produced;
  • the second connection wall 107, of the screengrid 23 on the one hand achieved good screening between input and output microwaves, and on the other hand serves as an element of the output cavity.
  • output coupling means extracting an output highfrequency wave between said anode and said screen-grid
  • tunable coaxial cavities including conductive cylindrical walls arranged coaxially about said axis and respectively connected to-one extremity of the of the electrodes, g
  • central conductive cylinder coaxially arranged about said axis and passing through said cathode, said central cylinder having a first extremity extending from said cathode towards said cylindrical walls and a second extremity extending from the cathode opposite the first extremity, 1 i
  • a further conductive clyindrical wall establishing a coaxial cavity being coupled tosaid first mentioned extremity of the central cylinder and the second mentioned extremity of the central cylinder being coupled to the screen grid at one end and the opposite end of the screen grid being coupled to one of the cylindrical walls,
  • a high frequency operating tetrode according to claim 1 wherein the coaxial cavity between the walls extending from said control-grid and said screen-grid is tuned for providing a quasi-infinite high frequency impedance between said control-grid and said screengrid.
  • a high frequency operating tetrode according to claim 1 wherein said input coupling means is coupled between the cylindrical walls extending from said control-grid and said cathode forming the associated coaxial cavity.
  • a high frequency operating tetrode according to claim 1 wherein said output coupling means is coupled between the cylindrical walls extending from said screen-grid and said anode forming the associated coaxial cavity.

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  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
  • Microwave Amplifiers (AREA)
US00203360A 1970-12-04 1971-11-30 Electronic tubes such as tetrodes for very high frequency operation Expired - Lifetime US3742292A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7043740A FR2116725A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-12-04 1970-12-04

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US3742292A true US3742292A (en) 1973-06-26

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US00203360A Expired - Lifetime US3742292A (en) 1970-12-04 1971-11-30 Electronic tubes such as tetrodes for very high frequency operation

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US (1) US3742292A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2160082C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2116725A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1329920A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3943398A (en) * 1973-12-21 1976-03-09 Thomson-Csf Electronic tube with cylindrical electrodes
US4119921A (en) * 1976-05-03 1978-10-10 U.S. Philips Corporation Amplifier device for transmitting tetrode
EP0407252A1 (fr) * 1989-07-04 1991-01-09 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Tube à grille à sortie sur cavités couplées avec élément de couplage intégré au tube
US5099332A (en) * 1989-12-08 1992-03-24 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Grid tube with increased efficiency
US5331227A (en) * 1992-05-15 1994-07-19 Micron Semiconductor, Inc. Programmable logic device macrocell with an exclusive feedback line and an exclusive external input line
US6084353A (en) * 1997-06-03 2000-07-04 Communications And Power Industries, Inc. Coaxial inductive output tube having an annular output cavity
CN108987876A (zh) * 2018-08-28 2018-12-11 北京航天广通科技有限公司 一种输入谐振腔
CN115579156A (zh) * 2022-11-24 2023-01-06 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 一种适用于金属陶瓷四极管的调试平台

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2708785B1 (fr) * 1993-07-30 1995-09-01 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Dispositif d'atténuation d'ondes parasites pour tube électronique et tube électronique comportant ce dispositif.

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2654844A (en) * 1949-04-08 1953-10-06 Eitel Mccullough Inc Ultrahigh-frequency generator and electron tube
US2569847A (en) * 1949-04-08 1951-10-02 Eitel Mccullough Inc High-frequency tetrode with built-in capacitor
GB780838A (en) * 1950-03-25 1957-08-07 Machlett Lab Inc Improvements in electronic tube and apparatus therefor
US3445712A (en) * 1962-12-27 1969-05-20 Varian Associates Electron tube with cathode support ring having outwardly extending support legs,channel-shaped in cross section and a u-shaped yoke supporting the control grid
FR1391703A (fr) * 1963-07-19 1965-03-12 Thomson Houston Comp Francaise Tube électronique à enveloppe métallo-céramique
FR1373741A (fr) * 1963-08-06 1964-10-02 Thomson Houston Comp Francaise Perfectionnements aux tubes électroniques pour fréquences très élevées

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3943398A (en) * 1973-12-21 1976-03-09 Thomson-Csf Electronic tube with cylindrical electrodes
US4119921A (en) * 1976-05-03 1978-10-10 U.S. Philips Corporation Amplifier device for transmitting tetrode
EP0407252A1 (fr) * 1989-07-04 1991-01-09 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Tube à grille à sortie sur cavités couplées avec élément de couplage intégré au tube
FR2649533A1 (fr) * 1989-07-04 1991-01-11 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Tube a grille a sortie sur cavites couplees, avec element de couplage integre au tube
US5166575A (en) * 1989-07-04 1992-11-24 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Grid tube with coupled-cavity output, with coupling element integral with said tube
US5099332A (en) * 1989-12-08 1992-03-24 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Grid tube with increased efficiency
US5331227A (en) * 1992-05-15 1994-07-19 Micron Semiconductor, Inc. Programmable logic device macrocell with an exclusive feedback line and an exclusive external input line
US6084353A (en) * 1997-06-03 2000-07-04 Communications And Power Industries, Inc. Coaxial inductive output tube having an annular output cavity
CN108987876A (zh) * 2018-08-28 2018-12-11 北京航天广通科技有限公司 一种输入谐振腔
CN108987876B (zh) * 2018-08-28 2024-03-01 北京航天广通科技有限公司 一种输入谐振腔
CN115579156A (zh) * 2022-11-24 2023-01-06 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 一种适用于金属陶瓷四极管的调试平台
CN115579156B (zh) * 2022-11-24 2023-06-23 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 一种适用于金属陶瓷四极管的调试平台

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1329920A (en) 1973-09-12
FR2116725A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-07-21
DE2160082A1 (de) 1972-06-15
DE2160082C2 (de) 1984-06-20

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