US3741751A - Heating of molten metal - Google Patents

Heating of molten metal Download PDF

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Publication number
US3741751A
US3741751A US00071155A US3741751DA US3741751A US 3741751 A US3741751 A US 3741751A US 00071155 A US00071155 A US 00071155A US 3741751D A US3741751D A US 3741751DA US 3741751 A US3741751 A US 3741751A
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United States
Prior art keywords
metal
gas
flux
heating
liquid
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00071155A
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English (en)
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D Bone
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British Aluminum Co Ltd
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British Aluminum Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
    • C22B21/06—Obtaining aluminium refining
    • C22B21/066—Treatment of circulating aluminium, e.g. by filtration
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting

Definitions

  • This invention relates to improvements in the heating of liquid metal, particularly but not exclusively molten aluminium and especially moten aluminium under cleaning treatment and intended for the production of ingots for working.
  • liquid aluminium contains varying amounts of gas and non-metallic inclusions, and that their presence may give rise to defects in finished products.
  • Many procedures have been proposed for the removal of the gas and inclusions.
  • the gas content may be reduced to an acceptable level by bubbling chlorine, nitrogen or argon through the melt or by treatment of the metal with hexachlorethane.
  • the use of chlorine and hexachlorethane gives rise to a fume disposal problem necessitating expensive equipment, whereas with the nitrogen treatment as heretofore proposed, the metal becomes contaminated through formation of non-metallic inclusions.
  • the brick-lined equipment is very convenient for use where very high metal flow rates, e.g. exceeding 1000 lb./min., are involved, but this type is expensive to operate because of the short life of the refractory sheaths of the immersion heaters and the need to construct the gas burners from heat resisting nickel alloys, the hot products of combustion returning back up the sheaths and past the burners on their way to atmosphere.
  • gas burners may be turned off during part or all of the cast provided the thermal insulation of the unit is suflicient to enable the desired temperature to be maintained, but good results have been obtained with the burners in operation during casting.
  • the flux cover may be removed during periods when casting is not in progress in order to promote 3 heat transfer between the combustion products and the metal.
  • the present invention provides a process for the heating of liquid aluminium and aluminium alloys in which the metal is agitated by passage of an inert gas therethrough, a liquid salt flux cover is provided on the metal surface, and the metal is heated from above by a combustion system, the gaseous products of which are in direct contact with said flux.
  • the gas burners for carrying out the present invention do not need to be constructed from special heat resisting nickel alloys. They may conveniently be fixed to removable heat insulating lids and fire across the metal surface. Alternatively the combustion system may be such as to produce a flat disc of flame above the metal surface or small jets which heat radiant panels placed over the metal surface. A wall hugger flat flame burner producing a hollow cone of flame is also suitable.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of an apparatus for degassing and cleaning molten aluminium
  • FIG. 2 is a view similar to that of FIG. 1 showing an alternative heating system.
  • a brick lined box 1 is divided by a baflle wall 2 into chambers A and B.
  • the molten metal enters the chamber A under a baflle 3 which serves to confine a liquid salt flux layer 4 on the surface of the metal in chamber A and prevent it from flowing backwards along the launder 5 to the furnace tap hole 6.
  • a refractory lined lid 7 is placed over the ingoing chamber A.
  • a row of gas burners one of which is seen at 8, provide the heat required, Whilst in FIG. 2 heating is carried out by means of the wall hugger flat flame burner 9.
  • a gas insert to the metal is introduced through pipes 10 at the bottom of chamber A. The metal passes under the baflle Wall 2 into the chamber B and thence into a casting launder 11.
  • the residence time of the aluminium or its alloys in the containing vessel is at least 1 minutes and preferably 3 or more minutes, the inert gas (for example nitrogen, argon, carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide) is passed at a rate sufiicient to provide at least 10 (preferably 30) cu. ft. per ton of liquid metal and at least one pound (preferably 2-3 pounds) of flux per 100 square inches of liquid metal is provided.
  • the inert gas for example nitrogen, argon, carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide
  • the temperature of the aluminium during treatment should be in the range 675-800 C., 700-750 C. being preferred.
  • the flux should be substantially free from oxides, oxysalts and fluosilicates and from volatile halides. It should consist essentially of chlorides and fluorides of the alkali and alkaline earth metals including magnesium and should be thinly fluid at the melting point of the metal. When melted the flux should have a lower density than that of the metal. Fluxes consisting of NaCl, KCl, and NaF, (r cryolite) may be used where introduction of sodium is not objectionable, but it is preferred to limit the NaF content to by weight or the cryolite content to 8% by weight. Use of CaCl is undesirable since the flux is then rendered hygroscopic with no compensating advantage. For certain alloys Where the sodium content must be limited in order to avoid cracking during rolling a flux containing MgCl is desirable. Suitable flux compositions for use with the invention are shown in Table I.
  • a process for the cleaning and degassing of liquid aluminium and aluminium alloys comprising passing an inert gas through the liquid metal to simultaneously degas and agitate said liquid metal, providing a liquid salt flux cover on the metal surface, the improvement comprising heating said metal from above by a combustion system, the gaseous products of which are in direct contact with said flux.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
US00071155A 1969-09-12 1970-09-10 Heating of molten metal Expired - Lifetime US3741751A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB4516369 1969-09-12

Publications (1)

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US3741751A true US3741751A (en) 1973-06-26

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US00071112A Expired - Lifetime US3753690A (en) 1969-09-12 1970-09-10 Treatment of liquid metal
US00071155A Expired - Lifetime US3741751A (en) 1969-09-12 1970-09-10 Heating of molten metal

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US00071112A Expired - Lifetime US3753690A (en) 1969-09-12 1970-09-10 Treatment of liquid metal

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US (2) US3753690A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS556088B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) AT325865B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE756091A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA941618A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH513982A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2045258A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2061246A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1316578A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IS (1) IS950B6 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL170311C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE365250B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3917242A (en) * 1973-05-18 1975-11-04 Southwire Co Apparatus for fluxing and filtering of molten metal
US4093452A (en) * 1975-07-23 1978-06-06 British Steel Corporation Refining liquid metal
US4277281A (en) * 1979-08-16 1981-07-07 Southwire Company Continuous filter for molten copper
DE3413256A1 (de) * 1984-04-07 1985-10-17 Varta Batterie Ag, 3000 Hannover Vorrichtung zur behandlung von schmelzen aus blei und bleilegierungen
US5814126A (en) * 1994-01-12 1998-09-29 Cook; Thomas H. Method and apparatus for producing bright and smooth galvanized coatings
US20100227284A1 (en) * 2006-01-31 2010-09-09 Tenova S.P.A. Flat-flame vault burner with low polluting emissions
US10724116B2 (en) * 2015-07-15 2020-07-28 Heraeus Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG Process and device for burn-off of precious metal-containing materials

Families Citing this family (72)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1374586A (en) * 1971-10-08 1974-11-20 British Aluminium Co Ltd Apparatus for introducing gas into liquid metal
US4032124A (en) * 1975-03-28 1977-06-28 Swiss Aluminium Ltd. Apparatus and method for in-line degassing and filtration of molten metal
CH595452A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1975-04-29 1978-02-15 Alusuisse
US4014687A (en) * 1976-01-13 1977-03-29 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for making magnesium metal
CH623849A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1976-03-26 1981-06-30 Alusuisse
CH599979A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1976-12-21 1978-06-15 Alusuisse
CH599978A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1976-12-21 1978-06-15 Alusuisse
US4169584A (en) * 1977-07-18 1979-10-02 The Carborundum Company Gas injection apparatus
US4394271A (en) * 1981-04-23 1983-07-19 Groteke Daniel E Apparatus and method for filtration of molten metal
DE3145538C2 (de) * 1981-11-17 1987-03-12 ESB Schweißbetrieb Burbach & Bender oHG, 5900 Siegen Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Behandeln von Metallschmelzen mit Spülgas
EP0142727B1 (en) * 1983-10-21 1989-12-27 Showa Aluminum Corporation Process for treating molten aluminum to remove hydrogen gas and non-metallic inclusions therefrom
FR2562912B2 (fr) * 1984-04-13 1989-11-17 Pechiney Aluminium Perfectionnement au dispositif de traitement, au passage, d'un courant de metal ou alliage liquide a base d'aluminium ou de magnesium
DE3564449D1 (en) * 1984-11-29 1988-09-22 Foseco Int Rotary device, apparatus and method for treating molten metal
US4744545A (en) * 1987-02-03 1988-05-17 Swiss Aluminium Ltd. Apparatus for degassing molten metal
GB2243620B (en) * 1990-03-27 1994-06-29 Atsugi Unisia Corp Improvements in and relating to forming aluminium-silicon alloy
WO1992010595A1 (en) * 1990-12-11 1992-06-25 Christopher John English Apparatus and method for treating molten metal
US5114472A (en) * 1990-12-13 1992-05-19 Aluminum Company Of America Multistage rigid media filter for molten metal and method of filtering
US5171359A (en) * 1991-09-19 1992-12-15 Megy Joseph A Refractory metal SWARF composition
CA2144772A1 (en) * 1991-09-19 1994-04-14 Joseph A. Megy Refractory metal swarf composition and method of making same
US5597401A (en) * 1992-10-05 1997-01-28 Megy; Joseph A. Refractory metal SWARF composition and method of making same
US5435982A (en) * 1993-03-31 1995-07-25 Molten Metal Technology, Inc. Method for dissociating waste in a packed bed reactor
US5405427A (en) * 1994-05-18 1995-04-11 Eckert; C. Edward Salt flux for addition to molten metal adapted for removing constituents therefrom and methods of using
US5913353A (en) * 1994-09-26 1999-06-22 Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Process for casting light metals
US5662725A (en) * 1995-05-12 1997-09-02 Cooper; Paul V. System and device for removing impurities from molten metal
US5673902A (en) * 1996-02-01 1997-10-07 Selee Corporation Dual stage ceramic foam filtration system and method
US5944496A (en) * 1996-12-03 1999-08-31 Cooper; Paul V. Molten metal pump with a flexible coupling and cement-free metal-transfer conduit connection
US5951243A (en) * 1997-07-03 1999-09-14 Cooper; Paul V. Rotor bearing system for molten metal pumps
US6027685A (en) * 1997-10-15 2000-02-22 Cooper; Paul V. Flow-directing device for molten metal pump
US6093000A (en) 1998-08-11 2000-07-25 Cooper; Paul V Molten metal pump with monolithic rotor
US6303074B1 (en) 1999-05-14 2001-10-16 Paul V. Cooper Mixed flow rotor for molten metal pumping device
US6689310B1 (en) 2000-05-12 2004-02-10 Paul V. Cooper Molten metal degassing device and impellers therefor
US6723276B1 (en) 2000-08-28 2004-04-20 Paul V. Cooper Scrap melter and impeller
US6780239B2 (en) * 2000-10-19 2004-08-24 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Crystal growth method, crystal growth apparatus, group-III nitride crystal and group-III nitride semiconductor device
US20050013715A1 (en) 2003-07-14 2005-01-20 Cooper Paul V. System for releasing gas into molten metal
US7470392B2 (en) 2003-07-14 2008-12-30 Cooper Paul V Molten metal pump components
US20070253807A1 (en) 2006-04-28 2007-11-01 Cooper Paul V Gas-transfer foot
US7402276B2 (en) 2003-07-14 2008-07-22 Cooper Paul V Pump with rotating inlet
US7507367B2 (en) 2002-07-12 2009-03-24 Cooper Paul V Protective coatings for molten metal devices
US7731891B2 (en) 2002-07-12 2010-06-08 Cooper Paul V Couplings for molten metal devices
US7100669B1 (en) * 2003-04-09 2006-09-05 Brunswick Corporation Aluminum-silicon casting alloy having refined primary silicon due to pressure
US7906068B2 (en) 2003-07-14 2011-03-15 Cooper Paul V Support post system for molten metal pump
CN100389214C (zh) * 2003-12-16 2008-05-21 兰州理工大学 有色合金液非金属氧化夹杂物的去除装置
GB0403466D0 (en) * 2004-02-17 2004-03-24 Mqp Ltd Treatment of metal melts
US7476357B2 (en) * 2004-12-02 2009-01-13 Thut Bruno H Gas mixing and dispersement in pumps for pumping molten metal
US7534284B2 (en) * 2007-03-27 2009-05-19 Bruno Thut Flux injection with pump for pumping molten metal
US8366993B2 (en) 2007-06-21 2013-02-05 Cooper Paul V System and method for degassing molten metal
US8613884B2 (en) 2007-06-21 2013-12-24 Paul V. Cooper Launder transfer insert and system
US8337746B2 (en) 2007-06-21 2012-12-25 Cooper Paul V Transferring molten metal from one structure to another
US9205490B2 (en) 2007-06-21 2015-12-08 Molten Metal Equipment Innovations, Llc Transfer well system and method for making same
US9410744B2 (en) 2010-05-12 2016-08-09 Molten Metal Equipment Innovations, Llc Vessel transfer insert and system
US9409232B2 (en) 2007-06-21 2016-08-09 Molten Metal Equipment Innovations, Llc Molten metal transfer vessel and method of construction
US9643247B2 (en) 2007-06-21 2017-05-09 Molten Metal Equipment Innovations, Llc Molten metal transfer and degassing system
US9156087B2 (en) 2007-06-21 2015-10-13 Molten Metal Equipment Innovations, Llc Molten metal transfer system and rotor
US10428821B2 (en) 2009-08-07 2019-10-01 Molten Metal Equipment Innovations, Llc Quick submergence molten metal pump
US8444911B2 (en) 2009-08-07 2013-05-21 Paul V. Cooper Shaft and post tensioning device
US8449814B2 (en) 2009-08-07 2013-05-28 Paul V. Cooper Systems and methods for melting scrap metal
US8524146B2 (en) 2009-08-07 2013-09-03 Paul V. Cooper Rotary degassers and components therefor
US8535603B2 (en) 2009-08-07 2013-09-17 Paul V. Cooper Rotary degasser and rotor therefor
US8714914B2 (en) 2009-09-08 2014-05-06 Paul V. Cooper Molten metal pump filter
US9108244B2 (en) 2009-09-09 2015-08-18 Paul V. Cooper Immersion heater for molten metal
US20120090432A1 (en) * 2010-10-18 2012-04-19 Alcoa, Inc. Wettable injectors for degassing of molten metal
US9903383B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2018-02-27 Molten Metal Equipment Innovations, Llc Molten metal rotor with hardened top
US9011761B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2015-04-21 Paul V. Cooper Ladle with transfer conduit
US10052688B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2018-08-21 Molten Metal Equipment Innovations, Llc Transfer pump launder system
US10138892B2 (en) 2014-07-02 2018-11-27 Molten Metal Equipment Innovations, Llc Rotor and rotor shaft for molten metal
US10947980B2 (en) 2015-02-02 2021-03-16 Molten Metal Equipment Innovations, Llc Molten metal rotor with hardened blade tips
US10267314B2 (en) 2016-01-13 2019-04-23 Molten Metal Equipment Innovations, Llc Tensioned support shaft and other molten metal devices
US11149747B2 (en) 2017-11-17 2021-10-19 Molten Metal Equipment Innovations, Llc Tensioned support post and other molten metal devices
US20200360990A1 (en) 2019-05-17 2020-11-19 Molten Metal Equipment Innovations, Llc Molten Metal Transfer System and Method
US11873845B2 (en) 2021-05-28 2024-01-16 Molten Metal Equipment Innovations, Llc Molten metal transfer device
US11851730B2 (en) * 2022-04-05 2023-12-26 Doggone Investment Co. LLC Apparatus and method for production of high purify copper-based alloys
US12146508B2 (en) 2022-05-26 2024-11-19 Molten Metal Equipment Innovations, Llc Axial pump and riser

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US3172757A (en) * 1965-03-09 Treatment of molten light metals
US2715068A (en) * 1953-03-20 1955-08-09 Harry M Levin Comestible and comestible base and method of making the same
US2863558A (en) * 1957-04-29 1958-12-09 Aluminum Co Of America Filtering molten aluminous metal
US3039864A (en) * 1958-11-21 1962-06-19 Aluminum Co Of America Treatment of molten light metals
US3025153A (en) * 1959-01-21 1962-03-13 Foundry Services Int Ltd Heat-producing mixtures
US3198625A (en) * 1961-02-08 1965-08-03 Aluminum Co Of America Purification of aluminum
US3189491A (en) * 1962-07-02 1965-06-15 Dow Chemical Co Aluminum flux
US3281238A (en) * 1963-11-13 1966-10-25 Aluminum Co Of America Treatment of molten aluminous metal
US3305351A (en) * 1964-02-24 1967-02-21 Reynolds Metals Co Treatment of aluminum with aluminum fluoride particles
US3272667A (en) * 1964-12-10 1966-09-13 Du Pont Submerged arc welding process and flux composition utilizing fluorocarbon
US3537987A (en) * 1969-08-28 1970-11-03 Intalco Aluminum Corp Method of filtering molten light metals

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3917242A (en) * 1973-05-18 1975-11-04 Southwire Co Apparatus for fluxing and filtering of molten metal
US4093452A (en) * 1975-07-23 1978-06-06 British Steel Corporation Refining liquid metal
US4277281A (en) * 1979-08-16 1981-07-07 Southwire Company Continuous filter for molten copper
DE3413256A1 (de) * 1984-04-07 1985-10-17 Varta Batterie Ag, 3000 Hannover Vorrichtung zur behandlung von schmelzen aus blei und bleilegierungen
US5814126A (en) * 1994-01-12 1998-09-29 Cook; Thomas H. Method and apparatus for producing bright and smooth galvanized coatings
US20100227284A1 (en) * 2006-01-31 2010-09-09 Tenova S.P.A. Flat-flame vault burner with low polluting emissions
US8480394B2 (en) * 2006-01-31 2013-07-09 Tenova S.P.A. Flat-flame vault burner with low polluting emissions
US10724116B2 (en) * 2015-07-15 2020-07-28 Heraeus Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG Process and device for burn-off of precious metal-containing materials

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US3753690A (en) 1973-08-21
SE365250B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-03-18
FR2061246A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-06-18
NL170311B (nl) 1982-05-17
AT325865B (de) 1975-11-10
CA941618A (en) 1974-02-12
GB1316578A (en) 1973-05-09
NL170311C (nl) 1982-10-18
BE756091A (fr) 1971-02-15
CH513982A (fr) 1971-10-15
IS950B6 (is) 1976-10-08
NL7013489A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-03-16
DE2045258A1 (de) 1971-03-25
JPS556088B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1980-02-13
IS1945A7 (is) 1971-03-13

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