US3739775A - Pneumatic pressure type respirator - Google Patents

Pneumatic pressure type respirator Download PDF

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Publication number
US3739775A
US3739775A US00144052A US3739775DA US3739775A US 3739775 A US3739775 A US 3739775A US 00144052 A US00144052 A US 00144052A US 3739775D A US3739775D A US 3739775DA US 3739775 A US3739775 A US 3739775A
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United States
Prior art keywords
pressure
pneumatic
control unit
actuator unit
manometer
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00144052A
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English (en)
Inventor
L Helm
G Kosa
A Szucs
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Medicor Muvek
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Medicor Muvek
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes

Definitions

  • the invention employs independent pressure lines for both the control and the actuator means between a pressurised gas source and the ambient atmosphere while both means are mechanically interconnected by at least one pneumatic valve and by at least one manometer operated swith means. Such arrangement ensures that the flow of the work medium is influenced by pressure signals only, through the mechanical interconnection.
  • This invention relates to pneumatic pressure type respirators, particularly to medical respirators.
  • respirators are destined to maintain a breathing process in a living creature, particularly in the human body. In case of emergency, the respirator helps to provide a patient with oxygen.
  • respirators built up of purely pneumatic means.
  • respirators may work on the basis of pressure and are called pressure type respirators as distinguished from respirators operating on the basis of volume. They have the inconvenience that there is a direct connection between their control means and their actuator means and, thus, the signals themselves directly influence the main flow of work medium. This is, in turn, undesirable with respect to the breathing process to be performed since its program may thereby be considerably altered.
  • the main object of the present invention is to obviate the aforesaid deficiency and to provide a pneumatic respirator of the pressure type suitable for carrying out a well defined breathing program undisturbed by the programming signals themselves.
  • the basic idea of the invention is that such respirators are obtainable if the control is, from a pneumatic point of view, heremetically separated from the performance itself. Constructing respirators of such a is rendered possible by the employment of pneumatic logical elements which work in the manner of electronic logical elements without, however, requiring electrical auxiliary energy supply instead of which a pressure medium source is needed.
  • the main energy source of the device may be tapped or a separate pressure source may be employed for operating the pneumatic logical elements which, in turn, define the program according to which the breathing process is to be performed.
  • the invention is concerned with pneumatic pressure type respirators comprising, in combination, a casing, a control unit and an actuator unit controlled by said control unit within said casing, at least one pressurized gas source for energising said control unit and supplying said actuator unit with a work medium, means for connecting said actuator unit to a patients lung, at least one pneumatic valve and at least one manometer operated switch means for mechanically interconnecting said control unit and said actuator unit, first pressure lines for connecting said control unit and second pressure lines for connecting said actuator unit with said pressurized gas source and the ambiency, respectively, said firstpressure lines being hermetically separated from said second pressure lines between said pressurized gas source and the ambiency. It will be seen that such an arrangement ensures that any adjustments of the actuator unit are performed by mechanical means which, in
  • the new respirator is distinguished by the great advantage that the breathing process itself is not tampered with by programming signals.
  • a further advantage consists in that, by means of multiplying the various pneumatic logical elements and peripherals, a broad variety of breathing programs are readily feasible.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of bodiment of the new device.
  • FIG. 2 is a connection diagram of the device shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a connection diagram of a modified detail of another exemplified embodiment.
  • reference character 10 designates a casing containing a control unit 12 and an actuator unit 14, which form parts of a drawer l6 removably arranged in the casing 10.
  • the actuator unit 14 has a mouth piece 18 connected to it by means of a hose 20.
  • the outer extremity of the hose 20 which forms a service head 21 is suspended from the casing 10 by means of a linkage links of which are referred to by reference characters 22 and 24.
  • control unit 12 and the actuator unit 14 may be seen in the connection diagram shown in FIG. 2, where reference character 28 designates a pressurised gas source such as an oxygen bottle known per se and reference character 30 designates the ambiency or atmospheric pressure.
  • the pressure source 28 may be connected to pressure lines of the control unit 12 and the actuator unit 14 by means of a master switch 32 closing of which is signalled by an indicator 34.
  • the control unit 12 has a special storage tank 36 which may be replaced by a special pressure source if the control unit 12 has to be operated by a work medium different from that used for operating the actuator unit 14.
  • a pressure line 38 connects the pressure source 28 through the storage tank 36 with the feed input of several pneumatic logical elements and through a throttle valve 40 with pairs of supply nozzles and receiver nozzles to be described hereinafter.
  • the system of pneumatic logical elements consists of an OR-gate 42 the inputs of which are connected to the outputs of a pair of logical negators 44 and 46, respectively.
  • the output of the OR-gate is connected to one of the inputs of a memory 48 the other input of which is connected to the output of a further logical negator 50.
  • the output of the memory 48 is connected to the input of a logical negator 52 the output of which controls a pressure line 54.
  • the pressure line 38 supplies a supply nozzle 56 which has a receiver nozzle 58 associated with it.
  • an exemplified emlatter controls the negator 46.
  • the line of alignment of both nozzles 56 and 58 within the gap therebetween is crossed by the path 60 ofa fly 62 carried by the pointer 64 of a manometer 66.
  • Similar pairs of supply nozzles and receiver nozzles 68, and 72, 74 are connected to and associated with, respectively, the pressure line 38 in mutual angular positions the gaps of which are crossed by a path 76 of a fly78 carried by the pointer 80 of another manometer 82.
  • All pairs of supply nozzles and receiver nozzles 56, 58 and 68, 70 and 72, 74 are arranged for angular displacements so as to be adjustable as to registering of the flies 62 and 78 with the gaps between associated nozzles in a manner shown.
  • the receiver nozzle 58 cooperates with the negator 46, and the receiver nozzles 70 and 74 co-operate with the negators 44 and 50, respectively.
  • Another pressure line 84 is connected with the ambiency 30. It has connections to the negators 44, 46, 50 and 52 to the memory 48, and, through a shut-off valve 86 to the manometer 66. Shut-off valve 86 is operated by a pneumatic valve 88 which in turn is connected with pressure line 54. A throttle valve 90 lies in a branch 92 of the pressure line 54 connecting the latter with the manometer 66.
  • the actuator unit 14 is mechanically interconnected with the control unit 12 by a pair of pneumatic valves 96 and 98 which are acted upon by the pressure prevailing in the pressure line 54 of the control unit 12, and operate a pair of shut-off valves 100 and 102, respectively.
  • the shut-off valve 100 lies in a pressure line 104 which is connected to the ambiency 30.
  • the other shut-off valve 102 lies in a pressure line 106 which connects the pressurized gas source 28 through the mouth piece 18 with a patients lung symbolised by a circle 108 in FIG. 2.
  • An adjustable throttle valve 110 connects the pressure line 106 with a pressure line 112 which, in turn, connects the manometer 82 with the patients lung 108.
  • Reference character 114 designates a manometer which indicates the pressure prevailing in the patient's lung 108
  • reference character 1 l5 designates a humidifier.
  • control unit 12 and the actuator unit 14 are, from a pneumatic point of view, heremetically separated from one another as regards their pressure lines 38, 54, 84, 92 and 104, 106, 112, respectively, between the pressurized gas source 28 and the ambiency 30.
  • they are mechanically interconnected so that the control unit 12 is enabled to program the actuator unit 14 without the working medium flowin the pressure lines 104, 106 and 112 of the latter being interfered with by the pressures prevailing in the pressure lines 38, 54, 84 and 92 of the former.
  • the respirator head 21 is suspended by the linkage 22 and 24 so as to be available to a patient who is given the mouth piece 18 whereafter the master switch 32 is switched on.
  • Closing of the master switch 32 means that the pressurized gas source 28 is connected to the pressure lines of both the control unit 12 and the actuator unit 14, and, through the latter to the patients lung 108. Such operational position is signalled by the indicator 34.
  • the pairs of nozzles 68, 70 and 72, 74 are adjusted to preselected values determined e.g., by the physician who administers artificial breathing to his patient. Thereupon,an alternate expiration and inspiration begins.
  • Such course of breathing is programmed by the control unit 12. It is seen that the manometer 82 in the actuator unit 14 is arranged for sensing the pressure prevailing in the patients lung 108 through the pressure line 112. When there is pressure in the patient's lung 108 the pointer 80 of the manometer 82 is deflected in the counter-clockwise sense whereas in case of a depression in the patients lung 108 it is deflected in the opposite sense. When the fly 78 on the pointer 80 intersects the line of alignment between the nozzles 68, and 72, 74, the jet emerging from the supply nozzles 68 and 72 is interrupted so that the pressure prevailing in the receiver nozzles 70 or 74, respectively, is descreased.
  • Such pressure decrease acts on the input of the negators 44 and 50 associated with the receiver nozzles 70 and 74, respectively, where a logical zero level appears.
  • a pressure surge appears on the outputs of the negators 44 and 50 which means logical 1 levels.
  • the OR-gate 42 permits input to the memory 48. Then, the memory 48 informs the actuator unit 14 to start the inspiration period. At the same time, it operates the negator 52 which prevents the supply pressure from reaching the manometer 66 through the throttle valve 90. Furthermore, the supply pressure is relieved in the diaphragm valve 88 so that the shut-off valve 86 opens.
  • the manometer 66 which senses the expiration time period is, in the supplied condition of the memory 48, connected with the ambiency 30 by both the shut-off valve 86 and the negator 52.
  • the contents (logical 1 level) of the memory 48 are cleared.
  • the memory 48 informs the actuator unit 14 to start an expiration period.
  • the pointer 64 of the manometer 66 is caused to be deflected in a manner characteristic of the expiration time period.
  • the output of the negator 52 the input of which is connected with the output of the memory 48 is, then, under pressure, which means a logical 1 level in the memory 48.
  • the manometer 66 which, as has been said, serves for sensing the expiration time period begins to be filled through the throttle valve 90 while the shut-off valve 86 which connects the manometer 66 with the ambiency is closed. Then, the above described cycle is carried out again.
  • the pressurized gas flows from its source 28 through the pressure line 106, the shut-off valve 102, the adjustable throttle valve and the pressure line 112 besides the manometer 82 into the mouth piece 18 and, therethrough, into the lung 108 of the patient as indicated by arrows 1 16 and 118.
  • Expiration means that the shut-off valve 102 is closed and the shut-off valve 100 is open so that the lung 108 of the patient and the manometer 82 are connected through the shut-off valve 100 and the pressure line 104 with the ambiency 30 as indicated by arrows and 122.
  • the pressure prevailing in the patients lung is indicated by the manometer 114.
  • the pointers 64 and 80 of the manometers 66 and 82 have been described as carrying flies 62 and 78, arranged to intersect the gap between the supply and receiver nozzles 68, 72 and 70, 74, respectively.
  • manometers of the nozzle flap type Such an exemplified embodiment is shown in FIG. 3 by a detail which comprises a manometer 82' the pointer 80 of which carries a flap 124.
  • the receiver nozzles 70 and 74 are dispensed with.
  • simple outlets 70 and 74' are employed.
  • the fly 124 on the pointer 80 moves therebetween, its switching positions being shown by full and broken lines, respectively.
  • Such an embodiment permits building respirators which are particularly suitable for rougher handling.
  • the invention has hereinbefore been described as a respirator operated by a single type of gas such as oxygen. Due to the invention, however, which provides hermetically separated pressure lines for both the control unit and the actuator unit it is possible to employ different gases for the purposes of control and actuating.
  • the control unit 12 may be operated by nitrogen which is stored in the tank 36, the latter being separated from the gas source 28.
  • Such expedient permits reducing the oxygen consumption and, thereby, the costs of a gas a high degree of purity of which is required for breathing purposes.
  • a pneumatic pressure type respirator comprising, in combination, a casing, a control unit and an actuator unit controlled by said control unit in said casing, at least one pressurized gas source for energizing said control unit and for supplying with work medium said actuator unit, means for connecting said actuator unit to a patients lung, at least one pneumatic valve and at least one manometer operated switch means for mechanically interconnecting said control unit with said actuator unit, first pressure lines for connecting said control unit with said pressurized gas source and with the ambiency, and second pressure lines for connecting said actuator unit with said pressurized gas source and the ambiency, respectively, said first pressure lines being hermetically separated from said second pressure lines between said pressurized gas source and said ambiency.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
US00144052A 1970-05-18 1971-05-17 Pneumatic pressure type respirator Expired - Lifetime US3739775A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
HUME1224A HU164638B (fi) 1970-05-18 1970-05-18

Publications (1)

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US3739775A true US3739775A (en) 1973-06-19

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US00144052A Expired - Lifetime US3739775A (en) 1970-05-18 1971-05-17 Pneumatic pressure type respirator

Country Status (16)

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US (1) US3739775A (fi)
AT (1) AT316014B (fi)
BE (1) BE767310A (fi)
BG (1) BG18588A3 (fi)
BR (1) BR7103015D0 (fi)
CA (1) CA940409A (fi)
CH (1) CH524376A (fi)
CS (1) CS168112B1 (fi)
DE (1) DE2124446B2 (fi)
FI (1) FI56121C (fi)
FR (1) FR2091764A5 (fi)
GB (1) GB1357635A (fi)
HU (1) HU164638B (fi)
NL (1) NL7106835A (fi)
SE (1) SE386077B (fi)
YU (1) YU121571A (fi)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3957047A (en) * 1974-02-08 1976-05-18 Dragerwerk Aktiengesellschaft Respiration-time control device in respirators for infants
US6082357A (en) * 1997-03-26 2000-07-04 Mcgill University Mechanical ventilator
US20080257348A1 (en) * 2007-04-20 2008-10-23 Piper S David Emergency and mass casualty ventilator
US20110030709A1 (en) * 2009-08-07 2011-02-10 Sebastian Andries D Materials, Equipment, and Methods for Manufacturing Cigarettes
CN101618246B (zh) * 2008-07-02 2012-08-15 北京谊安医疗系统股份有限公司 呼吸机系统
US10835700B2 (en) 2015-10-30 2020-11-17 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Breathing training, monitoring and/or assistance device
US11389695B2 (en) 2015-10-30 2022-07-19 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Breathing training, monitoring and/or assistance device

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2702125A1 (de) * 1977-01-20 1978-07-27 Draegerwerk Ag Ueberwachungsvorrichtung fuer ein beatmungsgeraet
IT1100830B (it) * 1978-10-02 1985-09-28 Pierrel Spa Respiratore automatico a pressione intermittente positiva per ventilazione in anestesia
FR2534807A1 (fr) * 1982-10-22 1984-04-27 Robert Carriere Draeger Ranimateur hyperbare a commande pneumatique
DE3434908A1 (de) * 1984-09-22 1986-04-03 Drägerwerk AG, 2400 Lübeck Steuereinheit fuer ein atemsystem
FI81500C (fi) * 1985-05-23 1990-11-12 Etelae Haemeen Keuhkovammayhdi Andningsbehandlingsapparat.
CN103405837B (zh) * 2013-08-29 2015-08-26 深圳市安保科技有限公司 一种气道排气装置和具有该排气装置的呼吸机

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2547458A (en) * 1947-06-25 1951-04-03 Stephenson Corp Resuscitator
US3251359A (en) * 1963-04-25 1966-05-17 Ismach Aaron Automatic intermittent positive pressure ventilators
US3265061A (en) * 1960-11-07 1966-08-09 Bennett Respiration Products I Respiration apparatus
US3307542A (en) * 1963-02-05 1967-03-07 Air Shields Lung ventilating equipment
US3368555A (en) * 1965-12-02 1968-02-13 Puritan Compressed Gas Corp Respiration apparatus with fluid amplifier
US3494357A (en) * 1968-02-05 1970-02-10 Sperry Rand Corp Fluidic respirator
US3598116A (en) * 1969-06-17 1971-08-10 United Aircraft Corp Respirator with fluid amplifiers

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2547458A (en) * 1947-06-25 1951-04-03 Stephenson Corp Resuscitator
US3265061A (en) * 1960-11-07 1966-08-09 Bennett Respiration Products I Respiration apparatus
US3307542A (en) * 1963-02-05 1967-03-07 Air Shields Lung ventilating equipment
US3251359A (en) * 1963-04-25 1966-05-17 Ismach Aaron Automatic intermittent positive pressure ventilators
US3368555A (en) * 1965-12-02 1968-02-13 Puritan Compressed Gas Corp Respiration apparatus with fluid amplifier
US3494357A (en) * 1968-02-05 1970-02-10 Sperry Rand Corp Fluidic respirator
US3598116A (en) * 1969-06-17 1971-08-10 United Aircraft Corp Respirator with fluid amplifiers

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3957047A (en) * 1974-02-08 1976-05-18 Dragerwerk Aktiengesellschaft Respiration-time control device in respirators for infants
US6082357A (en) * 1997-03-26 2000-07-04 Mcgill University Mechanical ventilator
US20080257348A1 (en) * 2007-04-20 2008-10-23 Piper S David Emergency and mass casualty ventilator
CN101618246B (zh) * 2008-07-02 2012-08-15 北京谊安医疗系统股份有限公司 呼吸机系统
US20110030709A1 (en) * 2009-08-07 2011-02-10 Sebastian Andries D Materials, Equipment, and Methods for Manufacturing Cigarettes
US9220297B2 (en) 2009-08-07 2015-12-29 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Materials, equipment, and methods for manufacturing cigarettes
US10835700B2 (en) 2015-10-30 2020-11-17 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Breathing training, monitoring and/or assistance device
US11389695B2 (en) 2015-10-30 2022-07-19 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Breathing training, monitoring and/or assistance device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH524376A (de) 1972-06-30
BG18588A3 (bg) 1975-02-25
DE2124446A1 (de) 1971-12-23
CS168112B1 (fi) 1976-05-28
AT316014B (de) 1974-06-25
NL7106835A (fi) 1971-11-22
HU164638B (fi) 1974-03-28
GB1357635A (en) 1974-06-26
BE767310A (fr) 1971-10-18
DE2124446B2 (de) 1973-02-08
CA940409A (en) 1974-01-22
YU121571A (en) 1981-11-13
BR7103015D0 (pt) 1973-04-12
FI56121C (fi) 1979-12-10
FR2091764A5 (fi) 1972-01-14
FI56121B (fi) 1979-08-31
SE386077B (sv) 1976-08-02

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