US3739664A - Tools and machine parts and methods from inverse draft forging - Google Patents

Tools and machine parts and methods from inverse draft forging Download PDF

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Publication number
US3739664A
US3739664A US00189126A US3739664DA US3739664A US 3739664 A US3739664 A US 3739664A US 00189126 A US00189126 A US 00189126A US 3739664D A US3739664D A US 3739664DA US 3739664 A US3739664 A US 3739664A
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United States
Prior art keywords
draft angle
forging
tongue
groove
working
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00189126A
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English (en)
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J Swanstrom
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Diamond Tool and Horseshoe Co
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Individual
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Assigned to DIAMOND TOOL AND HORSESHOE CO. A CORP. OF reassignment DIAMOND TOOL AND HORSESHOE CO. A CORP. OF MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). EFFECTIVE 3-17-82 DELEWARE Assignors: DIAMOD TOOL AND HORSESHOE CO. A CORP. OF MINN.
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
    • B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
    • B21J5/12—Forming profiles on internal or external surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K23/00—Making other articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K5/00—Making tools or tool parts, e.g. pliers

Definitions

  • the disclosure is directed to the use of forging tools and machine parts by employing a method and struc ture in the form of a negative draft angle and larger positive draft angle to form tongue or groove elements in the tools and machine parts as forged from the dies. Employment of the negative draft angle with a greater positive draft angle permits tools and machine parts to be formed so that the metal being worked is formed with a continuous uncut and uninterrupted grain flow extending longitudinally of the working member being formed.
  • a negative draft angle of substantially 5 degrees when used with a positive draft of substantially more than 5 degrees has been found to produce excellent results.
  • a 7' TORNE'YS TOOLS AND MACHINE PARTS AND METHODS FROM INVERSE DRAFT FORGING This invention relates to the field of forgings and the tools and dies used therewith and the method incorporated therein.
  • draft angles have always been of a positive nature. That is, the die has always been formed so that there is ample clear ance for the die upon being separated after the part has been forged. Generally speaking, draft angles have ranged from approximately 7 to prevent the forging from sticking to the dies. The draft is always spoken of as originating from the parting line although the draft angle is always measured from the direction of the stroke of the forging press.
  • Another basic consideration in forming the shape of a piece to be forged is the fiber direction or flow of the material while being forged. It is generally recognized that forging provides a much stronger article than one 1 which is cast for instance. Casting will produce grains which are generally equally strong in all directions, whereas in the forging, the tensile properties of the forging are stronger along the grain direction than across it, thus producing an added strength. Therefore, forging is stronger in any direction than that of casting of a similar nature due to the work being imparted to the metal.
  • the most important feature of the grain or fiber direction of the metal flow is not so much in the difference in the tensile properties but the ability of the metal along the grain fibers to resist shock, wear, and impact to a much greater extent than when applied across the grain direction. This is particularly important in the casting or forging or machining of different arms, brackets, links, or similar parts in which vibrations or impact takes place.
  • the inverse draft forging process can also be used at lower temperatures than used normally, even down to cold forging at room temperatures. It can also be used in forging materials other than steel and its alloys such as aluminum, brass, copper, Berryllium copper and other non-ferrous metals or materials.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view of a hand tool using a pivotal locking mechanism which may be made in accordance with the teachings of this invention
  • FIG. 2 is a section taken along lines 2-2 of FIG. 1 showing a tongue member of one handle member which is adapted to slide within a groove in the other member;
  • FIG' 3 is a section taken along lines 33 of FIG. 1 which illustrates the negative and positive draft angles of the other member of the hand tool;
  • FIG. 4 is an elevation view of a machine part such as a ratchet formed according to the teaching of this invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a top plan view of the structure showing in FIG. 4;
  • FIGS. 6a, 6b, 6c are top plan views of different forms of machine holding dogs formed according to the teaching of this invention.
  • FIGS. 7a, 7b, and 7c are elevation views of the same dogs shown in FIGS. 60, 6b and 6c.
  • FIG. 8 is a section ofa pair ofdie members forming a die to forge a tool member having a plurality of grooves
  • FIG. 9 is a section of a pair of members forming a die for forging a tongue member.
  • FIGS. 1 through 3 show the basic form of a hand tool having a first handle member 10 and a second handle member 11.
  • Handle member 10 has ajaw 12 formed at the extreme end thereof and handle :member 11 has another jaw member 13 formed atthe end thereof.
  • the handles and jaws of the tool form the working members of the improved tool.
  • the intermediate portion 14 has a plurality of grooves 15 formed therein.
  • the grooves have a substantially flat portion at the bottom thereof which may generally be termed a land portion 16.
  • An elongated slot 17 is formed longitudinally of the intermediate member 14 in such a manner that a bolt 20 may ride in the slot, the bolt having a pair of flat edges that ride in slot 17.
  • a bore is formed in handle member 11 and bolt 20 passes therethrough with a nut 21 being secured to bolt 20.
  • Handle member 11 has a tongue 22 which is best shown in FIG. 2. It will also be noted that the tongue is formed with a negative draft angle on one side thereof and a positive draft angle formed on the other side thereof, the sides being separated by a narrow band 23. In each instance, it will be i seen that the negative draft angle is approximately 5 whereas the positive draft angle is substantially more than 5.
  • Tongue 22 may be pivotally rotated about bolt 20 so that handle member 11 may be slid in the slot 17 and thus engage any of the selected grooves 15.
  • the groove and tongue negative draft angles are equal and thus a pivot mechanism is formed in which the members work in a sliding relationship.
  • the working members are formed with a continuous uncut and uninterrupted grain flow which extends longitudinally of each of the working members.
  • a first die member 25 is shown having a substantially smooth and continuous work face cavity for engaging a metal blank 26.
  • Another die member 27 is used with die member 25 which has a work face cavity for engaging the metal blank which has a plurality of grooves formed in confronting relationship with the first die member.
  • Die member 27 has one side or edge 28 of the groove forming a positive draft angle of more than 5, for example, 8.
  • the other side of the groove 29 has a negative draft angle of approximately 5, the portion between grooves sides or edges being designated a land portion 30.
  • a parting line 32 is shown forming the line alongwhich die members 25 an 27 are brought together.
  • FIG. 9 is representative of a pair of die members 35 and 37 with a hot metal blank 36 formed between the die members.
  • Die member 35 has a substantially .smooth and continuous work face cavity for engaging a metal blank 36
  • die member 37 has a work face cavity for engaging the metal blank which has at least one groove formed therein in which the groove contains a negative draft angle on one edge of a groove 39 with a larger positive draft angle on the other side 38.
  • a land portion 40 is formed between the sides of the groove.
  • the positive draft angle again is substantially more than 5 degrees and the negative draft angle is 5".
  • FIGS.- 4 and 5 demonstrate what may be achieved through the use of the inverse draft angle forging by producing a ratchet member 41.
  • the ratchet member will boviously be stronger because there will be no machining required to produce the part that is generally undercut by machining to achieve the teeth in the ratchet member. Not only is the member stronger, but the machining process has been eliminated and thus in all of the tools and machine parts produced under the teaching of this invention, machining may be eliminated. Greater accuracy and uniformity per part is ob tained by forming numerous pieces from the same die impression.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 show other forms of a holding dog in which FIGS. 6a and 7a demonstrate a member having a square face whereas FIGS. 6b and 7b demonstrate a holding dog with the member having a chisel or triangular face.
  • FIGS. and 7c demonstrate the use of a holding dog having a curved face similar to the type shown in FIGS. 1 through 3.
  • FIGS. 6 through 7 it will be noted that there is no machining required to produce the inverse draft angle on the member
  • the steps in producing the finished tool are:
  • the instant invention provides an improvement in the formation of machine parts and hand tools by eliminating a costly machining operation which tends to weaken forged members.
  • the teaching herein provides a means of forging a member in such a manner that there is a continuous uncut and uninterrupted grain flow of the metal while being worked in the dies.
  • using dies with a negative draft angle and a greater positive draft angle, in the method set forth herein, produces an improved product of the dies.
  • An improvement in forged tools and machine parts including a pair of cooperating working members having a holding mechanism holding the pair of working members in operable relationship and including at least first and second components formed on the pair of working members, the components comprising:
  • a pivot mechanism having a plurality of said grooves, each formed in arcuate shape in the first working member, and having at least one tongue formed in arcuate shape in the second working member and fitting in sliding relationship into selected grooves of said plurality in the first working member.
  • said positive draft angle is substantially greater than said negative draft angle.
  • a second die member having a work face cavity for engaging a metal blank with at least one groove formed therein in confronting relationship with said first die member, said groove having a negative draft angle on one side thereof and a larger positive draft angle on the otherside thereof separated by a land portion, said first and second die members forming a parting line disposed no greater distance from said first die member than the depth of said groove.
  • said positive draft angle is substantially greater than said negative draft angle.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Gripping Jigs, Holding Jigs, And Positioning Jigs (AREA)
US00189126A 1971-10-14 1971-10-14 Tools and machine parts and methods from inverse draft forging Expired - Lifetime US3739664A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US18912671A 1971-10-14 1971-10-14

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US3739664A true US3739664A (en) 1973-06-19

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US00189126A Expired - Lifetime US3739664A (en) 1971-10-14 1971-10-14 Tools and machine parts and methods from inverse draft forging

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US (1) US3739664A (es)
JP (1) JPS4847700A (es)
DE (1) DE2201436A1 (es)
ES (1) ES405605A1 (es)
FR (1) FR2156512B1 (es)
IT (1) IT952022B (es)
SE (1) SE382766B (es)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3134857A1 (de) * 1981-09-03 1983-03-17 Bayerisches Leichtmetallwerk Graf Blücher von Wahlstatt GmbH & Co KG, 8000 München Schmiedeverfahren
US6044951A (en) * 1996-06-21 2000-04-04 Blw Praezisionsschmiede Gmbh Claw toothing for a gearbox or the like
US20080134443A1 (en) * 2006-12-11 2008-06-12 Farrell Terry C Air brake slack check tool
US20210060735A1 (en) * 2019-09-03 2021-03-04 Snap-On Incorporated Adjustable pliers

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5343299U (es) * 1976-09-17 1978-04-13
JPS577500Y2 (es) * 1978-07-11 1982-02-12
JPS604364U (ja) * 1983-06-23 1985-01-12 トツプ工業株式会社 プライヤ−

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2622464A (en) * 1951-12-07 1952-12-23 Utica Drop Forge & Tool Corp Pivoted hand tool
US2640381A (en) * 1951-07-09 1953-06-02 Champion De Arment Tool Compan Tool
US3566663A (en) * 1967-06-01 1971-03-02 Singer Co Felting needle

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2640381A (en) * 1951-07-09 1953-06-02 Champion De Arment Tool Compan Tool
US2622464A (en) * 1951-12-07 1952-12-23 Utica Drop Forge & Tool Corp Pivoted hand tool
US3566663A (en) * 1967-06-01 1971-03-02 Singer Co Felting needle

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3134857A1 (de) * 1981-09-03 1983-03-17 Bayerisches Leichtmetallwerk Graf Blücher von Wahlstatt GmbH & Co KG, 8000 München Schmiedeverfahren
US5870923A (en) * 1981-09-03 1999-02-16 Blw Prazisionsschmiede Gmbh Forging method
US6044951A (en) * 1996-06-21 2000-04-04 Blw Praezisionsschmiede Gmbh Claw toothing for a gearbox or the like
US20080134443A1 (en) * 2006-12-11 2008-06-12 Farrell Terry C Air brake slack check tool
US7743686B2 (en) * 2006-12-11 2010-06-29 Farrell Terry C Air brake slack check tool
US20210060735A1 (en) * 2019-09-03 2021-03-04 Snap-On Incorporated Adjustable pliers
GB2599230A (en) * 2019-09-03 2022-03-30 Snap On Tools Corp Adjustable pliers
GB2599230B (en) * 2019-09-03 2023-01-18 Snap On Incorporated Adjustable pliers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT952022B (it) 1973-07-20
SE382766B (sv) 1976-02-16
DE2201436A1 (de) 1973-04-19
ES405605A1 (es) 1975-07-01
JPS4847700A (es) 1973-07-06
FR2156512B1 (es) 1975-10-24
FR2156512A1 (es) 1973-06-01

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AS Assignment

Owner name: DIAMOND TOOL AND HORSESHOE CO. A CORP. OF, DELAWAR

Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:DIAMOD TOOL AND HORSESHOE CO. A CORP. OF MINN.;REEL/FRAME:004075/0508

Effective date: 19820317

Owner name: DIAMOND TOOL AND HORSESHOE CO. A CORP. OF DE.

Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:DIAMOD TOOL AND HORSESHOE CO. A CORP. OF MINN.;REEL/FRAME:004075/0508

Effective date: 19820317