US3738758A - Method and apparatus for formulating inks - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for formulating inks Download PDF

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Publication number
US3738758A
US3738758A US00076457A US3738758DA US3738758A US 3738758 A US3738758 A US 3738758A US 00076457 A US00076457 A US 00076457A US 3738758D A US3738758D A US 3738758DA US 3738758 A US3738758 A US 3738758A
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Prior art keywords
color
filters
sample
viewing area
ink
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US00076457A
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English (en)
Inventor
W Gober
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WIKOFF COLOR CORP
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WIKOFF COLOR CORP
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/46—Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/46—Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters
    • G01J3/463—Colour matching
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/46—Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters
    • G01J3/50—Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters using electric radiation detectors
    • G01J3/51—Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters using electric radiation detectors using colour filters

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A method and apparatus for formulating an ink capable of reproducing a desired color having an unknown ink formulation.
  • the apparatus includes a viewing area adapted to receive a color sample having a known ink formu ation as well as a sample of the color having an unknown ink formulation.
  • a number of filters are mounted above the viewing area such that any number or combination of the filters may be selectively positioned to overlie the known color sample until the unknown color is approximately duplicated by the known color sample and superimposed filters.
  • the color of eachfilter is reproducible by a known ink formulation, and thus an ink capable of reproducing the unknown color may be prepared by mixing an appropriate amount of the inks indicated by the selected filters with the ink of the known sample.
  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for reproducing a color sample having an unknown ink formulation. More particularly, it relates to a method and apparatus for instructing an ink manufacturer or color matcher in the formulation of an ink capable of reproducing a desired unknown color.
  • inks In the printing industry, it is common for a user of inks, such as a lithographic printer, to submit a sample of an unknown color (i.e., a color having an unknown ink formulation) which he desires to reproduce to an ink manufacturer or supplier.
  • the manufacturer In order to formulate an ink capable of reproducing the unknown color, the manufacturer normally employs a highly skilled technician or color matcher who mixes the basic inks of the manufacturer by a trial and error process until the desired color is closely approximated. More particularly, the technician takes a sample of the basic ink nearest the desired color, adds one or more other inks having colors which he hopes will properly blend with the basic ink to produce the unknown color, produces a color proof utilizing the mixed inks, and then compares the proof with the desired color. This procedure is normally repeated several times before the unknown color is satisfactorily duplicated andis a time consuming, la-
  • units may be placed at various locations where the ink formulations may be determined and then forwarded to the manufacturer or ink supplier at a single central location.
  • an apparatus which comprises a viewing area having a first portion adapted to receive a sample of the unknown color and a second portion-adapted to receive a sample of a known color (i.e., a color having a known ink formulation).
  • a plurality of transparent filters of differing-colors are mounted above the viewing area such that any number or combination of the filters may be selectively positioned to overlie the second portion of the viewing surface.
  • a base ink is provided which is adapted to reproduce the color of the known color sample, and a toner ink is provided which is adapted to reproduce the color of each of thefilters.
  • an ink capable of reproducing the unknown color may be formulated.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an apparatus embodying the features of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional side view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary top plan view, partly sectioned, of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 and illustrating the means for pivotally mounting the filters;
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view illustrating the arrangement of the filters and supporting arms.
  • the apparatus of the present invention is illustrated generally at 10 and comprises a box-like structure having a base wall 12, side walls 14 and 16, a top wall 18, and a rear wall 20.
  • a viewing surface 22 is interposed between the base and top wall and is accessible through the open front of the apparatus.
  • the top wall 18 includes a centrally located circular aperture 24, and the upper surface thereof carries a filter housing 25 comprising a generally oval edge 26 and a conforming oval cover 27.
  • the cover includes an aperture 28 aligned with the top wall aperture 24, and an eyepiece 29 extends upwardly from the upper surface of the cover 27 in alignment with the apertures 24 and 28 such that the vision of an observer is directed onto a central viewing area 30 of the surface 22.
  • a light 31 is mounted within the apparatus adjacent the intersection of the rear wall 20 and top wall 18 such that an incident beam of light may be directed onto the viewing area 30 and reflected upwardly through the eyepiece to an observer.
  • the housing 25 mounts a total of twenty four independently pivotable arms which are divided into six groups (designated by numerals 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, and 37) of four arms each (individually designated by subscripts a, b, c, d).
  • the groups 32-34 are pivotable about the pin 40 and the groups 35-37 are pivotable about the pin 42.
  • the inner end of each arm carries a filter, with the four filters (individually designated by subscripts A, B, C, D) of each group having or being of different intensities of the same color, and the filters of each group being of a color different from the filters in the other groups.
  • the arms 32a, 32b, 32c, and 32d could carry filters 32A, 32B, 32C, and 32D which are of decreasing intensity of the color red, and the four filters 33A, 33B,
  • 33C and 33D'of group 33 may comprise decreasing intensities of the color green.
  • the color of each filter is by design reproducible by a known ink.
  • each arm includes an outer end extending outwardly through one of two openings 43 in the edge 26 of the housing to constitute a manually grippable flap for individually rotating one or more arms about the associated pivot.
  • Each arm is pivotable between a first position (shown in dashed lines in FIG. 3) wherein the filter overlies the lower half of the viewing area 30 and a second position (shown in solid lines) wherein the filter does not overlie the viewing area.
  • a pair stop members 44 and 45 are provided for each of the two sets of groups to limit the rotation of the arms.
  • an oval-shaped spacer ring 46 is positioned above and below each arm as seen in FIG. 4 to preclude interlocking of the arms during rotation.
  • a sample 50 of an unknown color is placed in the upper half of the viewing area 30 and a sample 52 of a known color is positioned on the lower half of the viewing area 30 in juxtaposition with the unknown sample.
  • the technician while viewing the area 30 through the eyepiece 29, selectively positions any number or combination of the filters over the lower half of the viewing area and thus the known sample, until the color of the unknown sample is approximately duplicated. Since the color of the filters carried by the arms are each reproducible by a known ink, the inks indicated by the known color sample and selected filters may be mixed to produce an ink capable of reproducing the unknown color.
  • the incident light directed onto the viewing area 30 from the light 31 and through the open front of the apparatus does not pass through the filters, and the light reflected from the viewing area passes upwardly through the selected filters to the observer.
  • lithographic inks typically comprise approximately 4070 percent coloring pigments, with the remainder comprising the vehicle (i.e., varnish, dryers, etc. suitably formulated for lithographic printing).
  • vehicle i.e., varnish, dryers, etc. suitably formulated for lithographic printing.
  • base color samples reproducible by known ink formulations were selected. The exact number and color of these samples could vary, and are generally determined by experience. The samples may but do not necessarily represent the primary colors. For the present example, six base color samples were selected as follows:
  • toner inks were selected for the six groups
  • the six above toner inks were by design adapted to reproduce the color and intensity of the four filters of each color when mixed or thinned with a known amount of additional uncolored vehicle. This being known, the appropriate amount of the toner ink necessary to tint the base ink to the extent represented by the associated filter was determined for each combination of base color sample and filter.
  • the following table was prepared indicating the parts (by weight) of toner ink to be added to 100 parts of the base ink to effectively tint the base ink to the extent indicated by the various filters:
  • An apparatus for facilitating the formulation of an ink capable of closely duplicating a color having an unknown ink formulation comprising a viewing area for receiving in a juxtaposed relation a sample of the color of unknown ink formulation and a sample of a color of known ink formulation of generally the same color type as the color of unknown ink formulation for simultaneous viewing by an operator,
  • An apparatus for duplicating a color of unknown ink formulation to assist in the reproduction thereof comprising a viewing area having a first portion for receiving a color sample of unknown ink formulation and a second portion for receiving a color sample of known ink formulation,
  • eyepiece means for focusing the vision of an observer onto said viewing area
  • any number of combination thereof may be selectively positioned to overlie said second portion of said viewing area when viewed through said eyepiece means, and means for directing a beam of light onto said viewing area such that an incident light beam is directed onto said viewing area without passing through said filters and a reflected light beam passes through the selected filters and eyepiece means to the observer.
  • said means for mounting said filters comprises a plurality of independently pivotable arms, each of said arms carrying a filter and being independently pivotable between a first position wherein said filter overlies said second viewing portion and a second position wherein said filter does not overlie said viewing area.
  • An apparatus for facilitating the formulation of an ink capable of closely reproducing a desired unknown color comprising a plurality of samples of differing known colors
  • a viewing area including a first portion for mounting a sample of the desired unknown color and a second portion for mounting a selected one of said known color samples, and
  • each of the filters in spaced relation above said viewing area such that light may be directed onto said viewing area without passing through said filters and the light reflected from said viewing area passes through the selected filters and wherein any number or combination of said filters may be selectively positioned to overlie said second viewing area portion to thereby permit the desired unknown color to be approximately reproduced by the known color sample and the superimposed filters, whereby an ink capable of closely reproducing the desired unknown color may be formulated by combining the base ink adapted to reproduce the selected known sample and the toner inks adapted to reproduce the selected color filters.
  • the apparatus as defined in claim 7 further including eyepiece means mounted above said filters for focusing the vision of an observer onto said viewing area.
  • the apparatus as defined in claim 8 further including light means for directing a beam of light onto said viewing area such that the light is reflected from the viewing area and passes through the selected filters and eyepiece means to the observer.
  • a process for formulating an ink capable of reproducing a sample of an unknown color comprising the steps of,

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectrometry And Color Measurement (AREA)
US00076457A 1970-09-29 1970-09-29 Method and apparatus for formulating inks Expired - Lifetime US3738758A (en)

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US7645770A 1970-09-29 1970-09-29

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US3738758A true US3738758A (en) 1973-06-12

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US (1) US3738758A (OSRAM)
CA (1) CA958251A (OSRAM)
DE (1) DE2147822A1 (OSRAM)
FR (1) FR2108067B1 (OSRAM)
GB (1) GB1348436A (OSRAM)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008013387B4 (de) * 2008-03-10 2020-02-13 Byk-Gardner Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Bestimmen optischer Oberflächeneigenschaften von Werkstücken

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3007421A1 (de) * 1980-02-27 1981-09-03 Windmöller & Hölscher, 4540 Lengerich Verfahren zur herstellung eines vorlagengetreuen farbengemisches, insbesondere einer farbe eines mehrfarbendruckes

Citations (17)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1391286A (en) * 1920-04-10 1921-09-20 Charles E Vautrain Color-chart
US1496374A (en) * 1921-05-06 1924-06-03 Eastman Kodak Co Colorimeter
GB299194A (en) * 1927-10-31 1928-10-25 Otto Rosenheim Improvements in or relating to colour-estimating apparatus
US1958192A (en) * 1932-01-20 1934-05-08 Sherwin Williams Co Color match guide
US2111068A (en) * 1935-04-05 1938-03-15 William C Huebner Means for determining ink-printing capacities of printing elements
US2438303A (en) * 1947-02-28 1948-03-23 Simmon Brothers Inc Device for making color prints
US2597658A (en) * 1950-07-08 1952-05-20 Mattucci Guido Color correction gauge
US2899755A (en) * 1959-08-18 Hhsltiltihh
US2934172A (en) * 1955-03-09 1960-04-26 Proctor & Schwartz Inc Light transmissive color standard
US2941312A (en) * 1958-07-09 1960-06-21 Mattucci Guido Color correction gauge
US2969016A (en) * 1955-03-18 1961-01-24 Crosfield J F Ltd Colour printing
US2968988A (en) * 1955-03-18 1961-01-24 Crosfield J F Ltd Apparatus for indicating changes in ink
US3090993A (en) * 1959-08-26 1963-05-28 Standard Oil Co Comparison instrument
US3365816A (en) * 1965-03-11 1968-01-30 Singerman Joseph Visual demonstration apparatus
US3467475A (en) * 1963-11-06 1969-09-16 Gretag Ag Densitometer incorporating selectively and individually controlled color filters
US3519360A (en) * 1965-10-22 1970-07-07 Richard F Kudlek Apparatus for visual color comparison
US3628871A (en) * 1969-10-06 1971-12-21 Anders B Himmelstrup Optical color printing analysis device and method

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE333678C (de) * 1919-09-02 1921-03-03 Ferdinand Kohl Einrichtung zum Pruefen undurchsichtiger Faerbungen
US3597094A (en) * 1967-08-11 1971-08-03 David G Goldwasser Portable color identification device

Patent Citations (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2899755A (en) * 1959-08-18 Hhsltiltihh
US1391286A (en) * 1920-04-10 1921-09-20 Charles E Vautrain Color-chart
US1496374A (en) * 1921-05-06 1924-06-03 Eastman Kodak Co Colorimeter
GB299194A (en) * 1927-10-31 1928-10-25 Otto Rosenheim Improvements in or relating to colour-estimating apparatus
US1958192A (en) * 1932-01-20 1934-05-08 Sherwin Williams Co Color match guide
US2111068A (en) * 1935-04-05 1938-03-15 William C Huebner Means for determining ink-printing capacities of printing elements
US2438303A (en) * 1947-02-28 1948-03-23 Simmon Brothers Inc Device for making color prints
US2597658A (en) * 1950-07-08 1952-05-20 Mattucci Guido Color correction gauge
US2934172A (en) * 1955-03-09 1960-04-26 Proctor & Schwartz Inc Light transmissive color standard
US2969016A (en) * 1955-03-18 1961-01-24 Crosfield J F Ltd Colour printing
US2968988A (en) * 1955-03-18 1961-01-24 Crosfield J F Ltd Apparatus for indicating changes in ink
US2941312A (en) * 1958-07-09 1960-06-21 Mattucci Guido Color correction gauge
US3090993A (en) * 1959-08-26 1963-05-28 Standard Oil Co Comparison instrument
US3467475A (en) * 1963-11-06 1969-09-16 Gretag Ag Densitometer incorporating selectively and individually controlled color filters
US3365816A (en) * 1965-03-11 1968-01-30 Singerman Joseph Visual demonstration apparatus
US3519360A (en) * 1965-10-22 1970-07-07 Richard F Kudlek Apparatus for visual color comparison
US3628871A (en) * 1969-10-06 1971-12-21 Anders B Himmelstrup Optical color printing analysis device and method

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008013387B4 (de) * 2008-03-10 2020-02-13 Byk-Gardner Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Bestimmen optischer Oberflächeneigenschaften von Werkstücken

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DE2147822A1 (de) 1972-03-30
FR2108067B1 (OSRAM) 1976-03-26
GB1348436A (en) 1974-03-20
CA958251A (en) 1974-11-26
FR2108067A1 (OSRAM) 1972-05-12

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