US3737620A - Body heating system - Google Patents

Body heating system Download PDF

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Publication number
US3737620A
US3737620A US00838216A US3737620DA US3737620A US 3737620 A US3737620 A US 3737620A US 00838216 A US00838216 A US 00838216A US 3737620D A US3737620D A US 3737620DA US 3737620 A US3737620 A US 3737620A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
inner casing
heat
fusion
liquid
outlet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00838216A
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English (en)
Inventor
D Harvey
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Sanders Nuclear Corp
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Sanders Nuclear Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of US3737620A publication Critical patent/US3737620A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64G6/00—Space suits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63C—LAUNCHING, HAULING-OUT, OR DRY-DOCKING OF VESSELS; LIFE-SAVING IN WATER; EQUIPMENT FOR DWELLING OR WORKING UNDER WATER; MEANS FOR SALVAGING OR SEARCHING FOR UNDERWATER OBJECTS
    • B63C11/00—Equipment for dwelling or working underwater; Means for searching for underwater objects
    • B63C11/02—Divers' equipment
    • B63C11/28—Heating, e.g. of divers' suits, of breathing air
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21H—OBTAINING ENERGY FROM RADIOACTIVE SOURCES; APPLICATIONS OF RADIATION FROM RADIOACTIVE SOURCES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; UTILISING COSMIC RADIATION
    • G21H3/00—Arrangements for direct conversion of radiation energy from radioactive sources into forms of energy other than electric energy, e.g. into light or mechanic energy

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A lightweight, compact, portable, personal body heating system utilizes an inner casing containing amateria1 having a high heat of fusion. A heater is operatively associated with the inner casing for charging the material.
  • a closed recirculating conduit means lies about the inner casing to permit recirculating liquid UNITED STATES PATENTS flow about the casing so that a heat transfer liquid is 1,054,409 2/1913 Harrison et a1, ..219/378 ux by 1 heat P fusin of the material
  • the 3,513,824 1970 Fitzgerald et a1 ..126/204 dult comprises an Inlet tube and an outlet b p 3,536,059 /1970 Hearstet al ..219/378 UX mitting passage of the fluid to a body protective 3,569,669 3/1971 March ..2l9/378 device through the outlet.
  • a lightweight, compact, portable, personal body heating system is formed.
  • the system comprises an inner casing containing a material having a high heat of fusion and heating means are operatively associated with the inner casing for charging the material.
  • a closed recirculating conduit means surrounds the inner casing permitting recirculation of liquid about the casing to cause the liquid to be heated by the heat of fusion of the material.
  • the conduit means has an inlet tube and an outlet tube so that the liquid can be passed to a body protective device through the outlet tube and recirculated over the material having a high heat of fusion after passing through the inlet tube.
  • an outer casing surrounds the inner casing, heating means and conduit means.
  • the heating means comprises an electrical heater which is actuated by periodic connection with an electric power source to charge the material having a high heat of fusion.
  • the system can be used for long periods of time, without attachment to the heater, as a self-contained portable unit.
  • the conduit means comprises inlet and outlet plenums with interconnecting tubes surrounding the inner casing to maximize heat transfer from the material to a heat transfer liquid which is recirculated. Recirculation of the liquid lowers the requirement for heat output from the material permitting use of small amounts of material maintained at constant temperatures due to heat fusion.
  • the heating means is a radioisotope charge preferably lo catedat the center of the material having a high heat of fusion.
  • FIG. 1 is a semidiagrammatic cross sectional view of a preferred embodiment of this invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a semidiagrammatic cross-sectional view thereof taken through line 2-2 of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 1 a preferred embodiment of the personal body heating system of this invention is illustrated generally at 10 comprising a heat source enclosed within an outer container 11.
  • An inlet tube 12 and an outlet tube 13 form part of a conduit system for passing a rccirculated heat transfer liquid over the heat source.
  • the inlet and outlet tubes are connected with a body protective suit 14.
  • the heat source within the outer casing 1 1 comprises a material 15 having a high heat of fusion, which material is preferably hermetically sealed within a cylindrical container 16.
  • the material 15 is selected for its high heat of fusion. As is known, during the melting or freezing of a pure compound or element, a precise defined amount of thermal energy is required to effect the change of state. This amount of thermal energy is termed the heat of fusion of the material. During the input (melting) or release (freezing) of the material, it remains at a constant temperature referred to as the melting point. These properties are used in this invention to provide constant thermal energy in a fluid recir- 'culating personal heating system.
  • the material 15 is preferably a material which has a high heat of fusion.
  • the container or inner casing 16 is preferably metallic and is compatible with the material 15 which preferably fills the space within the casing 16.
  • the material of the casing 16 has a melting temperature well in excess of the melting temperature of material 15 and preferably by a margin of at least 10 percent.
  • Suitable metals for casing 16 include pure iron (for LiH) and stainless steel (for LiF).
  • a normally expanded cylindrical metallic bellows 17 is preferably enclosed within the container 16 preferably attached to one end thereof.
  • the bellows provides room for expansion and contraction while maintaining the material 15 in a confined state during melting or solidification. This feature advantageously prevents unwanted internal forces created by expansion or contraction during the change of state and also prevents inertial movement of the material as during movement of the body with which the system is used.
  • An electrical heating coil 18 preferably surrounds the inner casing 16.
  • the heating coil 18 is attached through suitable leads 19 and 20 to a recharge plug outlet 21 mounted on the outer casing -11.
  • an electric power supply can be attached to leads 19 and 20 to heat the material 15 within the inner casing 16 to its melting point and beyond whereby the material 15 is charged with heat of fusion to, be released at a constant temperature over a substantial time period.
  • the heater coil can bepositioned in an indentation or well incorporated in the cylinder 16.
  • the inlet tube 12 is connected with an inlet plenum 22.
  • the plenum 22 preferably lies above the cylindrical casing 16 and is coaxial therewith as is an outlet plenum 23 located below the inner casing 16 as shown in FIG, 1.
  • a plurality of preferably parallel tubes 24 interconnect plenum 22 and plenum 23. This arrangement of tubes provides for recirculating liquid flow in the closed conduit system provided by inlet tube 12, inlet plenum 22, tubes 24, outlet plenum 23, outlet tube 13 and liquid passage tubes (not shown) within the body protective suit 14.
  • the heat transfer liquid flows about the inner casing 16 and thus picks up heat from the material 15 for use during circulation through the system.
  • Suitable insulating material 25 such as Min-K (a fibrous insulating material) fills the space within the outer casing 11 and aids in maintaining the components in position.
  • Min-K a fibrous insulating material
  • a liquid pump is diagrammatically illustrated at 30.
  • the pump is preferably an electrical pump actuated by a series of thermoelectric modules 32.
  • the use of the thermocouples in a thermopile arrangement is preferred since the cold junctions of the thermocouples can be positioned adjacent the working liquid within the plenum 23 while the hot junction thereof is positioned against the inner casing 16 thereby creating the necessary electric current to operate the fluid pump 30.
  • Known silicon germanium thermoelectric modules are suitable for use in this invention.
  • the pump is located outside of the casing 11 and/or operated by portable batteries or other power sources such as radioisotope sources in conjunction with power converters.
  • the protective device 14 is preferably in the form of a human body protective suit containing a plurality of tubes insulated from the wearer to provide the desired thermal effect to the body when a heated liquid is passed through the suit.
  • body protective suits are known in the art for use with hotv water systems and their design may vary considerably depending upon the liquid flow rate in the recirculating system of this invention as well as the particular material 15 used.
  • Suitable fittings not shown can be employed at the liquid inlet and outlets from the casing 11 and at the body protective suit to allow disconnect when desired.
  • the outer casing 11 is preferably a cylinder coaxial with the inner casing 16.
  • the casing 11 preferably carries suitable straps, hooks or the like to attach the system directly to the bodyprotective suit of the user.
  • Latent Melting he Figure of merit point Kcal Density Formula For- (T mole (g wt. (g./ CaL/gm. Cal/cc. mula C.) L cc.) P mole) F L /F L /F Te- 450 4. 2 6. 25 128 33 216 B202. 450 5. 3 1. 84 LiCl- 614 3. 2 2. 07 42. 4 76 Sb 630 4. 75 6. 68 122 39 260 Mg 651 2. 1 1. 74 24.3 86 140 13405. 656 26. 0 5. 2 583 45 230 A1 660 2. 5 2. 7 27 93 250 V205- 670 15. 6 3. 36 182 86 290 F9012. 677 10. 3 2.
  • the particular heat transfer liquid can vary depending on the material 15 and other factors. Ethylene glycol, Dowtherm A and other known heat transfer liquids can be used.
  • the heat of fusion material is charged by connecting the outlet 21 to a suitable electrical supply thereby heating the material 15 and changing it from a solid to a liquid.
  • the heat within the inner casing 16 thereby causes pump 30 to recirculate the heat transfer liquid in the direction of arrows 40 whereby the liquid flows about the closed system.
  • Theelectrical energy source is then disconnected and the unit can be attached to the body protective suit 14 and worn by a user with constantly recirculating liquid maintained at a substantially constant temperature which tempera-. ture is determined by the heat of fusion of the specific material 15 employed and design features of the system. Since the fluid is recirculated from the body of the user, heat is conserved in the system and the amount of material 15 needed to produce a comfortable can be temperature canbe minimized.
  • an underwater system suitable for operating as a self-contained unit for 4 hours at a 28 F outside temperature with a well insulated diving suit (conductivity 0.025 B/ft-F-hr) is devised.
  • the supplemental thermal power requirements are 500 thermalwatts over the 4 hour mission life.
  • the electric heater 18 along with plug connection 21 and lines 19 and 20 are eliminated and in place thereof a radioisotope capsule 41 is centrally positioned within the inner casing 16 as shown in dotted outline in FIG. 1.
  • the radioisotope containing capsule can contain any of the standard heat producing radioisotope materials such as isotopes of strontium or plutonium. A sufficient quantity of the radioisotopic material is used to charge the high heat of fusion material by melting the material over a period of time. The use of the high heat of fusion materials allows storing of large amounts of energy at temperatures near their respective heat of fusion temperatures.
  • radioisotopic shielding When a radioisotope capsule charging source is used for the ma- .terial 15, it is desirable to employ suitable redioisotopio shielding about the inner container 16 as is well-known in the art.
  • the conduit arrangement about the container 16 can vary with coiled continuous tubing used or other configurations employed.
  • the containers 11 and 16 can be cylindrical, spherical, rectangular, octagonal and the like.
  • the tubing used for 6 the conduit means in the recirculating closed fluid system is preferably metal within the container 11, portions of the tubing leading to the body protective suit can be conventional flexible tubing of plastics, rubber and the like.
  • a lightweight, compact portable body heating system comprising:
  • a heater including;
  • heating means operatively associated with said inner casing for charging said material with heat
  • conduit means comprising an inlet tube and an outlet tube, an inlet plenum coupled to said inlet tube, an outlet plenum coupled to said outlet tube, said inlet plenum being interconnected with said outlet plenum through a plurality of tubes, said plurality .of tubes encircling said inner casing and being coaxial therewith, whereby heated liquid is passed to said body protective suit through said outlet tube and recirculated through said inlet tube to said inner casing;
  • thermoelectric power source including a plurality of thermocouples having their cold junctions positioned in heat exchange relationship with said outlet plenum and their hot junctions positioned in heat exchange relationship with said inner casing; said pump means being electrically actuated and being electrically coupled with said thermoelectric power source for operating said pump means.
  • a lightweight, compact, portable body heating system in accordance with claim 1 wherein an outer casing coaxial with said inner casing surrounds said inner casing, heating means and portions of said conduit means,
  • said heating means comprising an electric heater
  • said heating means including an electric heater surrounding and contacting said inner casing, and means for activating said heating means by connection with an energy supply source.
  • a lightweight, compact, portable body heating system in accordance with claim 2 wherein said material is lithium hydride.
  • a lightweight, compact, portable body heating system comprising:
  • a heater including;
  • heating means operatively associated with said inner casing for charging said material with heat, said heating means including a radioisotope charge located in said material having a high heat of fusion,
  • conduit means comprising an inlet tube and an outlet tube, an inlet plenum coupled to said inlet tube, an outlet plenum coupled to said outlet tube, said inlet plenum being interconnected with said a thermoelectric power source including a plurality of thermocouples having their cold junctions positioned in heat exchange relationship with said outlet plenum and their hot junctions positioned in heat exchange relationship with said inner casing,
  • said pump means is electrically actuated and is electrically coupled with said thermoelectric power source for operating said pump means.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
US00838216A 1969-07-01 1969-07-01 Body heating system Expired - Lifetime US3737620A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US83821669A 1969-07-01 1969-07-01

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US3737620A true US3737620A (en) 1973-06-05

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US00838216A Expired - Lifetime US3737620A (en) 1969-07-01 1969-07-01 Body heating system

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FR (1) FR2053985A5 (OSRAM)
GB (1) GB1316759A (OSRAM)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3884216A (en) * 1974-09-19 1975-05-20 Us Navy Electrochemical energy source for diver suit heating
US3885126A (en) * 1972-06-07 1975-05-20 Nissan Motor Electric heat accumulator unit
US3892225A (en) * 1973-09-28 1975-07-01 Mike Twose Cold weather clothing suit
US4180922A (en) * 1978-02-07 1980-01-01 Cieslak Leonard K Boot warmer
US4334519A (en) * 1979-06-18 1982-06-15 Stanley Cieslak Portable heater for generating and circulating heat in wearing apparel
US4570052A (en) * 1984-02-06 1986-02-11 Smith Marvin M Electrical thermal storage heat sink for space heater
US5282740A (en) * 1991-05-22 1994-02-01 Kenji Okayasu Portable heat conducting apparatus
US9911516B2 (en) * 2012-12-26 2018-03-06 Ge-Hitachi Nuclear Energy Americas Llc Cooling systems for spent nuclear fuel, casks including the cooling systems, and methods for cooling spent nuclear fuel
US10408370B2 (en) 2015-09-18 2019-09-10 Victaulic Company Valve and coupling
US10842205B2 (en) 2016-10-20 2020-11-24 Nike, Inc. Apparel thermo-regulatory system

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2470355A1 (fr) * 1979-11-26 1981-05-29 Commissariat Energie Atomique Echangeur de chaleur

Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1054409A (en) * 1912-09-19 1913-02-25 Alfred Frank Harrison Heating appliance.
US1417095A (en) * 1920-11-26 1922-05-23 William Henry Mcintyre Furnace
US2044611A (en) * 1932-04-11 1936-06-16 Saturn Heater Corp Automatic water heater
US2066127A (en) * 1929-11-07 1936-12-29 Games Slayter Inc Electrical heating system
US2911513A (en) * 1956-05-02 1959-11-03 Jet Heet Inc Heat storage water heater
US2936741A (en) * 1957-05-01 1960-05-17 Telkes Maria Temperature stabilized fluid heater and a composition of matter for the storage of heat therefor
US3069527A (en) * 1959-09-08 1962-12-18 Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc Vapor generator utilizing heat of fusion
US3227208A (en) * 1962-04-26 1966-01-04 Garrett Corp Thermally stabilized environmental system
GB1017665A (en) * 1962-04-19 1966-01-19 John Henry Ellinger Improvements in or relating to heating systems utilizing a heat storage medium
US3400249A (en) * 1966-10-26 1968-09-03 Hooker Chemical Corp Heating system
US3402709A (en) * 1967-06-27 1968-09-24 Atomic Energy Commission Usa Suit heater
US3497672A (en) * 1967-08-21 1970-02-24 John V Harter Diver suit with electrical heater and fluid pump system
US3513824A (en) * 1966-06-27 1970-05-26 Joseph J Fitzgerald Underwater portable heating system
US3536059A (en) * 1968-11-01 1970-10-27 Peter J Hearst Chemical heat source for divers
US3569669A (en) * 1969-02-12 1971-03-09 Frank A March Portable heat storage unit

Patent Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1054409A (en) * 1912-09-19 1913-02-25 Alfred Frank Harrison Heating appliance.
US1417095A (en) * 1920-11-26 1922-05-23 William Henry Mcintyre Furnace
US2066127A (en) * 1929-11-07 1936-12-29 Games Slayter Inc Electrical heating system
US2044611A (en) * 1932-04-11 1936-06-16 Saturn Heater Corp Automatic water heater
US2911513A (en) * 1956-05-02 1959-11-03 Jet Heet Inc Heat storage water heater
US2936741A (en) * 1957-05-01 1960-05-17 Telkes Maria Temperature stabilized fluid heater and a composition of matter for the storage of heat therefor
US3069527A (en) * 1959-09-08 1962-12-18 Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc Vapor generator utilizing heat of fusion
GB1017665A (en) * 1962-04-19 1966-01-19 John Henry Ellinger Improvements in or relating to heating systems utilizing a heat storage medium
US3227208A (en) * 1962-04-26 1966-01-04 Garrett Corp Thermally stabilized environmental system
US3513824A (en) * 1966-06-27 1970-05-26 Joseph J Fitzgerald Underwater portable heating system
US3400249A (en) * 1966-10-26 1968-09-03 Hooker Chemical Corp Heating system
US3402709A (en) * 1967-06-27 1968-09-24 Atomic Energy Commission Usa Suit heater
US3497672A (en) * 1967-08-21 1970-02-24 John V Harter Diver suit with electrical heater and fluid pump system
US3536059A (en) * 1968-11-01 1970-10-27 Peter J Hearst Chemical heat source for divers
US3569669A (en) * 1969-02-12 1971-03-09 Frank A March Portable heat storage unit

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3885126A (en) * 1972-06-07 1975-05-20 Nissan Motor Electric heat accumulator unit
US3892225A (en) * 1973-09-28 1975-07-01 Mike Twose Cold weather clothing suit
US3884216A (en) * 1974-09-19 1975-05-20 Us Navy Electrochemical energy source for diver suit heating
US4180922A (en) * 1978-02-07 1980-01-01 Cieslak Leonard K Boot warmer
US4334519A (en) * 1979-06-18 1982-06-15 Stanley Cieslak Portable heater for generating and circulating heat in wearing apparel
US4570052A (en) * 1984-02-06 1986-02-11 Smith Marvin M Electrical thermal storage heat sink for space heater
US5282740A (en) * 1991-05-22 1994-02-01 Kenji Okayasu Portable heat conducting apparatus
US9911516B2 (en) * 2012-12-26 2018-03-06 Ge-Hitachi Nuclear Energy Americas Llc Cooling systems for spent nuclear fuel, casks including the cooling systems, and methods for cooling spent nuclear fuel
US10408370B2 (en) 2015-09-18 2019-09-10 Victaulic Company Valve and coupling
US11668417B2 (en) 2015-09-18 2023-06-06 Victaulic Company Valve and coupling
US12422069B2 (en) 2015-09-18 2025-09-23 Victaulic Company Valve and coupling
US10842205B2 (en) 2016-10-20 2020-11-24 Nike, Inc. Apparel thermo-regulatory system
US11497258B2 (en) 2016-10-20 2022-11-15 Nike, Inc. Apparel thermo-regulatory system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1316759A (en) 1973-05-16
FR2053985A5 (OSRAM) 1971-04-16

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