US3736632A - Method of making an electroacoustic transducer - Google Patents
Method of making an electroacoustic transducer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3736632A US3736632A US00125880A US3736632DA US3736632A US 3736632 A US3736632 A US 3736632A US 00125880 A US00125880 A US 00125880A US 3736632D A US3736632D A US 3736632DA US 3736632 A US3736632 A US 3736632A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- disk
- housing
- forming
- recess
- transducer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002463 transducing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010137 moulding (plastic) Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K13/00—Cones, diaphragms, or the like, for emitting or receiving sound in general
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
- B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
- B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
- B06B1/0644—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element
- B06B1/0662—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element with an electrode on the sensitive surface
- B06B1/0666—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element with an electrode on the sensitive surface used as a diaphragm
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R17/00—Piezoelectric transducers; Electrostrictive transducers
- H04R17/10—Resonant transducers, i.e. adapted to produce maximum output at a predetermined frequency
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/42—Piezoelectric device making
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49004—Electrical device making including measuring or testing of device or component part
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49005—Acoustic transducer
Definitions
- the invention provides a low cost electroacoustic transducer.
- the transducer housing has incorporated into its rear surface, a counterbored or cavity section opposing a flat portion on the outside surface of the housing.
- the invention includes a low cost method for adjusting the resonant frequency. First, the resonant frequency of the structure is measured after assembly. Then, material is removed from the external flat surface of the housing to achieve the desired resonant frequency.
- Burglar alarms are here cited primarily because they are exemplary of many modern systems designed to utilize ultrasonic devices of the type described herein. These devices have a wide spread, popular appeal if they can be mass produced with high quality precision Y and at very low cost. These'devices should also be, and remain through out their life, highly reliable in operation. Also, these devices should be sufficiently attractive in appearance so that they may be used with little or no added escutcheons, embellishments, or the like.
- the transducers are especially well adapted for operation in a predetermined frequency band.
- thisparticular frequency band may be adjusted for any given transducer even after it has been completely manufactured.
- transducer may find an economic value when used in either the higher audible frequencies or the ultrasonic frequencies, (e.g. 10,000 cps and higher). Among other things, this is because more conventional forms of transducer devices are very costly when designed to operate at frequencies which are higher than approximately 10,000 cycles per second.
- an object of this invention is to provide new and improved electroacoustic transducers which may be mass produced at relatively low cost and yet provide high quality and reliable operation.
- Another object of the invention is to provide electroacoustic transducers which operate efficiently in a desired frequency band.
- an object is to provide simple and easily adjusted means for controlling the resonant frequency of an 'electroacoustic transducer.
- Still another object is to provide a transducer of general utility which may be made on general purpose tooling with only a small capital investment required for entry into production.
- an object is to provide a'generalized transducer design which may be varied, at almost no cost in order to cause the transducer to operate over virtually the entire usable range of frequencies without requiring any substantial amount of piece part changes.
- a clamped vibratile disk diaphragm integrally formed in the wall of an attractive housing.
- a small disk of piezoelectric material is cemented to the back of the vibratile disk.
- Suitable electrical'component's mounted inside the housing, drive the piezoelectric material to vibrate the diaphragm and send'sonic energy outwardly from the front of the vibratile disk, which is on the out-- side surface of the housing.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the invention with part of the housing broken away to show the low cost structure;
- FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view taken along the line 2 -2 of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is a side elevation profile showing an alternative embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows an electronic acoustic transducer 10 mounted on a suitable base or housing 11.
- the transducer 10 comprises a rigid housing structure having a clamped vibratile disk 12 integrally formed in one external wall.
- the outside contours of housing 10 have an attractive shape which is aesthetically pleasing without requiring any further escutcheons or embellishments.
- the base 11 may have any utilitarian form; it is here shown as a conventional octagonal junction box or electrical receptacle. Since these junction boxes or receptacles are either readily available or are already installed in most buildings, the transducer 10 may be mounted and supported with little or no additional installation work. Of course the invention is not limited to this or any other specific mounting structure. Any suitable base arrangement may be used in lieu of the octagonal junction box or receptacle, here disclosed, and it may serve any convenient function. For example the base 11 is here shown as containing a terminal block 14 for making connections to external equipment.
- transducer 10 may become more apparent from a study of the cut away part of the perspective view of FIG. 1 and of the cross sectional view of FIG. 2.
- the housing is a somewhat saucer I shaped structure 15 made of any suitable material.
- the saucer may be an aluminum (or other metal) die casting. It could also be a rigid plastic molding, or the like, with or without metallic plating thereon.
- the elements of the saucer are a skirt portion 16 of any convenient design adapted to be mounted on or over the base support member 11.
- the housing functionally terminates in a disk 12 having a face which is flat on the top or outside of the saucer 10.
- the inside of the housing is counterbored at 17 to form the inside face or bottom of the disk 12.
- the disk 12 is formed as a thin, flat circular, vibratile diaphragm.
- the periphery of the disk 12 is clamped by a massive, somewhat cylindrical wall-like element 20.
- a massive, somewhat cylindrical wall-like element 20 Those who are familiar with the art will readily perceive how the relative thickness of the disk 12 and the surrounding massive clamping area 20 is selected to insure that the vibratile disk 12 operates as a diaphragm. Initially, this selection is made on the basis of the dimensional requirements for operation at the desired operating frequency, but
- an insulating plate 25 seals off the chamber formed by .the counterbored hole 17.
- a hole 26 in plate 25 allows passage of the wire 24 from the piezoelectric material 21 to a second chamber'3l in the housing 15.
- a cylindrical or other shaped wall 30 is integrally formed in the housing 1.0 to provide a chamber 31 for receiving electrical components.
- a cylindrical or other shaped wall 30 is integrally formed in the housing 1.0 to provide a chamber 31 for receiving electrical components.
- separate pieceparts could be used; however, there is generally a cost' advantage if the entire housing is formed as a single, integrally cast or molded housing.
- the nature of the electrical components housed inside chamber 31 depends somewhat upon the usage of the transducer. For a particular usage of this preferred embodiment, I show a tuned choke coil 32 and a couslightly thicker than desired. This means that the manufactured resonant frequency is a little higher than the desired resonant frequency.
- each transducer is tested, and its resonant frequency is measured.
- the units are then segregated in groups having predetermined frequency ranges.
- Each'unit is then machined over the exposed pling transformer 33.
- the tuned choke and secondary element 21 When a plastic housing is used, it is necessary to supply a different conductive return path, as by plating either the inside of cavities 17 and 3l.or a small strip of metal extending from cement 22, through the inside of cavity 17 to the pin 34.
- any external electrical equipment is connected to the lead wires 35 and the other winding of transformer 33. These wires 35 pass through a hole 36 in an insulating disk 37 which closes the chamber 31. Any suitable potting compound fills the chamber 31 to protect the electrical elements therein.
- FIG. 2 has been drawn with the thought that octagonal junction boxes are convenient supporting structures which are readily available at very low cost. Sometimes, however, the installation considerations may be such that this is not the most convenient mounting means. For example, it may be muchsimplier to bore a hole in a wall and push the transducer into that hole. Hence, the invention contemplates changing the housing shape, as required by any given installation.
- FIG. 3 shows I that'the skirt portions 15, 16 may be removed to leave production tooling in order to meet the operating requirements anticipated by the invention.
- the entire housing and transducer assembly is produced in large quantities, each transducer presumably operating at the same resonant frequency.
- the low cost production introduces a wide variation in manufacturing tolerances.
- the disk 12 is deliberately made face of the disk 12 to reduce the thickness of the vibratile diaphragm. It has been found that this may be done by holding the transducer face down on a moving sanding belt. Either the grit or type of sanding belt may be selected for each segregated group of tested units; or, the duration of the sanding operation may be varied to accomplish the desired frequency adjustment.
- step (A) comprises the further sub-step of initially forming said recess with a depth which is more than three times the thickness of said vibratile diaphragm.
- step (A) comprises the further step of forming the external wall of said housing to recede away from said flat surface whereby the material removed in step (D) is removed exclusively from said flat surface and not from the surrounding areas of said externalwall.
- said receding surface is a truncated conical surface and said flat surface is a disk at the apex of said truncated cone.
- a process for making an electroacoustic transducer comprising the steps of forming:
- a'vibratile disk clamped at its periphery to a rigid housing structure, said vibratile disk being an external flat portion free of all upstanding structures protruding above the surface of said disk,
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Piezo-Electric Transducers For Audible Bands (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (9)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12588071A | 1971-03-18 | 1971-03-18 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3736632A true US3736632A (en) | 1973-06-05 |
Family
ID=22421885
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00125880A Expired - Lifetime US3736632A (en) | 1971-03-18 | 1971-03-18 | Method of making an electroacoustic transducer |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US3736632A (en) |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3890513A (en) * | 1974-02-14 | 1975-06-17 | Systron Donner Corp | Acoustic transducer |
US3912954A (en) * | 1974-01-14 | 1975-10-14 | Schaub Engineering Company | Acoustic antenna |
US3943388A (en) * | 1974-06-27 | 1976-03-09 | Fred M. Dellorfano, Jr. | Electroacoustic transducer of the flexural vibrating diaphragm type |
US4019072A (en) * | 1974-05-20 | 1977-04-19 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Piezoelectric pressure sensor |
US4054808A (en) * | 1974-08-19 | 1977-10-18 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Vibration detecting device having a piezoelectric ceramic plate and a method for adapting the same for use in musical instruments |
US4172253A (en) * | 1972-04-19 | 1979-10-23 | Hermans Albert L | Controlled wave pattern ultrasonic burglar alarm |
US4396087A (en) * | 1981-04-24 | 1983-08-02 | International Harvester Co. | Auxiliary drive system for combines |
EP0085496A2 (en) * | 1982-01-28 | 1983-08-10 | AMP INCORPORATED (a New Jersey corporation) | Transducer supporting and contacting means |
US5161200A (en) * | 1989-08-04 | 1992-11-03 | Alesis Corporation | Microphone |
US5636182A (en) * | 1995-01-18 | 1997-06-03 | Fuji Ultrasonic Engineering Co., Ltd. | Portable ultrasonic underwater sensor |
US6166623A (en) * | 1999-12-22 | 2000-12-26 | Electronics Controls Company | Modular alarm assembly |
US20040145859A1 (en) * | 1999-11-04 | 2004-07-29 | Mechanical Research Corp. | Acoustic device |
US20050254679A1 (en) * | 2004-05-11 | 2005-11-17 | Kabushiki Kaisha Audio-Technica | Condenser microphone |
US20060236525A1 (en) * | 2005-04-11 | 2006-10-26 | Jack Sliwa | High intensity ultrasound transducers and methods and devices for manufacturing high intensity ultrasound transducers |
US20080260187A1 (en) * | 2007-04-18 | 2008-10-23 | Colaizzi Vincent M | Devices and systems including transducers |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2639392A (en) * | 1949-12-30 | 1953-05-19 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Masking device for crystals |
US2905260A (en) * | 1955-02-24 | 1959-09-22 | Muter Company | Loud speaker diaphragm |
US3128532A (en) * | 1957-09-17 | 1964-04-14 | Massa Division Of Cohu Electro | Method of making electroacoustic transducers |
US3307052A (en) * | 1964-04-06 | 1967-02-28 | Frank W Neilson | Piezoelectric stress gage |
US3578995A (en) * | 1969-09-22 | 1971-05-18 | Dynamics Corp Massa Div | Electroacoustic transducers of the bilaminar flexural vibrating type |
US3670406A (en) * | 1970-02-04 | 1972-06-20 | Texas Instruments Inc | Method of adjusting inductive devices |
US3698051A (en) * | 1970-02-06 | 1972-10-17 | North American Rockwell | Method of making an acoustical transducer |
-
1971
- 1971-03-18 US US00125880A patent/US3736632A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2639392A (en) * | 1949-12-30 | 1953-05-19 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Masking device for crystals |
US2905260A (en) * | 1955-02-24 | 1959-09-22 | Muter Company | Loud speaker diaphragm |
US3128532A (en) * | 1957-09-17 | 1964-04-14 | Massa Division Of Cohu Electro | Method of making electroacoustic transducers |
US3307052A (en) * | 1964-04-06 | 1967-02-28 | Frank W Neilson | Piezoelectric stress gage |
US3578995A (en) * | 1969-09-22 | 1971-05-18 | Dynamics Corp Massa Div | Electroacoustic transducers of the bilaminar flexural vibrating type |
US3670406A (en) * | 1970-02-04 | 1972-06-20 | Texas Instruments Inc | Method of adjusting inductive devices |
US3698051A (en) * | 1970-02-06 | 1972-10-17 | North American Rockwell | Method of making an acoustical transducer |
Cited By (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4172253A (en) * | 1972-04-19 | 1979-10-23 | Hermans Albert L | Controlled wave pattern ultrasonic burglar alarm |
US3912954A (en) * | 1974-01-14 | 1975-10-14 | Schaub Engineering Company | Acoustic antenna |
US3890513A (en) * | 1974-02-14 | 1975-06-17 | Systron Donner Corp | Acoustic transducer |
US4019072A (en) * | 1974-05-20 | 1977-04-19 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Piezoelectric pressure sensor |
US3943388A (en) * | 1974-06-27 | 1976-03-09 | Fred M. Dellorfano, Jr. | Electroacoustic transducer of the flexural vibrating diaphragm type |
US4054808A (en) * | 1974-08-19 | 1977-10-18 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Vibration detecting device having a piezoelectric ceramic plate and a method for adapting the same for use in musical instruments |
US4396087A (en) * | 1981-04-24 | 1983-08-02 | International Harvester Co. | Auxiliary drive system for combines |
EP0085496A2 (en) * | 1982-01-28 | 1983-08-10 | AMP INCORPORATED (a New Jersey corporation) | Transducer supporting and contacting means |
EP0085496A3 (en) * | 1982-01-28 | 1984-09-19 | Amp Incorporated | Transducer supporting and contacting means |
US5161200A (en) * | 1989-08-04 | 1992-11-03 | Alesis Corporation | Microphone |
US5636182A (en) * | 1995-01-18 | 1997-06-03 | Fuji Ultrasonic Engineering Co., Ltd. | Portable ultrasonic underwater sensor |
US20040145859A1 (en) * | 1999-11-04 | 2004-07-29 | Mechanical Research Corp. | Acoustic device |
US6166623A (en) * | 1999-12-22 | 2000-12-26 | Electronics Controls Company | Modular alarm assembly |
US20050254679A1 (en) * | 2004-05-11 | 2005-11-17 | Kabushiki Kaisha Audio-Technica | Condenser microphone |
US7447326B2 (en) * | 2004-05-11 | 2008-11-04 | Kabushiki Kaisha Audio-Technica | Condenser microphone |
US20060236525A1 (en) * | 2005-04-11 | 2006-10-26 | Jack Sliwa | High intensity ultrasound transducers and methods and devices for manufacturing high intensity ultrasound transducers |
US9445211B2 (en) * | 2005-04-11 | 2016-09-13 | St. Jude Medical, Atrial Fibrillation Division, Inc. | Methods for manufacturing high intensity ultrasound transducers |
US20080260187A1 (en) * | 2007-04-18 | 2008-10-23 | Colaizzi Vincent M | Devices and systems including transducers |
WO2008130462A1 (en) * | 2007-04-18 | 2008-10-30 | Mine Safety Appliances Company | Electroacoustic transducer |
US8229142B2 (en) | 2007-04-18 | 2012-07-24 | Mine Safety Appliances Company | Devices and systems including transducers |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: MASSA, DONALD P., COHASSET, MA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:STONELEIGH TRUST, THE;REEL/FRAME:005397/0016 Effective date: 19841223 Owner name: MASSA PRODUCTS CORPORATION, 280 LINCOLN STREET, HI Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:DONALD P. MASSA TRUST;CONSTANCE ANN MASSA TRUST;ROBERT MASSA TRUST;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:005395/0971 Effective date: 19860612 Owner name: DELLORFANO, FRED M. JR. Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:STONELEIGH TRUST, THE;REEL/FRAME:005397/0016 Effective date: 19841223 Owner name: MASSA PRODUCTS CORPORATION, 80 LINCOLN STREET, HIN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:DONALD P. MASSA TRUST;CONSTANCE ANN MASSA TRUST *;GEORGIANA M. MASSA TRUST;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:005395/0954 Effective date: 19841223 Owner name: TRUSTEES FOR AND ON BEHALF OF THE D.P. MASSA TRUST Free format text: ASSIGN TO TRUSTEES AS EQUAL TENANTS IN COMMON, THE ENTIRE INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:MASSA, DONALD P.;MASSA, CONSTANCE A.;MASSA, GEORGIANA M.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:005395/0942 Effective date: 19841223 |