US3735011A - Circular refractory brick construction - Google Patents

Circular refractory brick construction Download PDF

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Publication number
US3735011A
US3735011A US00218340A US3735011DA US3735011A US 3735011 A US3735011 A US 3735011A US 00218340 A US00218340 A US 00218340A US 3735011D A US3735011D A US 3735011DA US 3735011 A US3735011 A US 3735011A
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Prior art keywords
bricks
brick
radius
wall
circle
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00218340A
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English (en)
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F Soykan
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Special Metals Corp
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Special Metals Corp
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Assigned to CITICORP INDUSTRIAL CREDIT, INC., BOND COURT BLDG., STE. 615, 1300 E. 9TH ST., CLEVELAND, OH. 44114 reassignment CITICORP INDUSTRIAL CREDIT, INC., BOND COURT BLDG., STE. 615, 1300 E. 9TH ST., CLEVELAND, OH. 44114 SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SPECIAL METALS CORPORATION
Assigned to HELLER FINANCIAL, INC. reassignment HELLER FINANCIAL, INC. SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SPECIAL METALS CORPORATION
Assigned to SPECIAL METALS CORPORATION reassignment SPECIAL METALS CORPORATION RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CITICORP INDUSTRIAL CREDIT, INC.
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Assigned to SPECIAL METALS CORPORATION reassignment SPECIAL METALS CORPORATION RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HELLER FINANCIAL, INC.
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08—Details specially adapted for crucible or pot furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Electric arc furnaces ; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/10—Details, accessories or equipment, e.g. dust-collectors, specially adapted for hearth-type furnaces
    • F27B3/12—Working chambers or casings; Supports therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/06—Crucible or pot furnaces heated electrically, e.g. induction crucible furnaces with or without any other source of heat
    • F27B14/061—Induction furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08—Details specially adapted for crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/10—Crucibles
    • F27B2014/102—Form of the crucibles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/04—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs characterised by the form, e.g. shape of the bricks or blocks used
    • F27D1/045—Bricks for lining cylindrical bodies, e.g. skids, tubes

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Circular cmcible or the like constructed from arcuate refractory bricks wherein the mating edges of the bricks are at uniform acute angles with respect to the radius of the furnace This permits each brick to slide on the mating edges of adjacent bricks such that circumferential or tangential thermal expansion forces will not materially increase the radius of the crucible.
  • an induction coil surrounds the refractory wall of the crucible such that when an alternating current is caused to flow through the coil, magnetic lines of flux will pass through the refractory wall and induce eddy currents in the metal within the crucible, the eddy currents acting to rapidly heat and melt the metal charge.
  • a generally circular furnace or crucible construction formed from arcuate refractory bricks is provided wherein cracks in the furnace wall and radial expansion due to thermal forces is minimized by the use of bricks having mating edges which are at uniform acute angles with respect to the radius of the furnace.
  • a wall construction formed from arcuate refractory bricks stacked one upon the other.
  • the abutting edge surfaces of the refractory bricks at the opposite ends of their arcuate configurations are at uniform acute angles with respect to the radius of the vessel whereby thermal expansion forces generated in the bricks will cause the edge surface of at least one brick to slide on the abutting edge surface of an adjacent brick without materially increasing the radius of the wall.
  • each edge surface being defined by a line drawn from the inner radial end of one edge surface of a brick to a point on a circle which lies intermediate the center of the vessel and the inner periphery of the wall, the aforesaid point on the circle being defined by the intersection therewith of a radius which intersects the inner radial end of the other edge surface of the brick.
  • the aforesaid circle has a diameter equal to one-half the diameter of the inner periphery of the vessel; however the only limiting factor is that the circle must have a diameter greater than zero and less than that of the inner periphery of the crucible wall.
  • FIG. 1 is a top view of a prior art induction-heated crucible
  • FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the prior art furnace shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a top view of the improved furnace construction of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows the manner in which the slope at the opposite ends of arcuate bricks is determined in the crucible construction of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the assembly shown in FIG. 4, illustrating the forces which occur at the abutting edge surfaces of the arcuate bricks used in the construction of the invention due to thermal expansion.
  • the furnace shown includes a cylindrical wall 10 formed of refractory bricks 12 and having a bottom formed from a slab 14 of refractory material.
  • an induction coil 16 adapted to be connected to a source of alternating current voltage, not shown.
  • a supporting structure which, in the illustration shown, comprises a cylindrical shell 18 which rests on a bottom plate 20.
  • a layer 15 of ramming mortar is between the bricks 12 and the inductive coil 16 a layer 15 of ramming mortar.
  • the bricks 12 are arcuate in configuration and have opposing end surfaces which abut each other along the radius of the circular wall construction 10. That is, the abutting surfaces lie along lines which extend through the center of the circular configuration.
  • the heat generated within the crucible or furnace will cause thermal expansion forces in the bricks l2; and since the end edges of the bricks are essentially flush with each other, tangential or circumferential forces which are generated at the interface between adjacent bricks cause the entire circular configuration to expand in diameter, forcing the ramming material 15 against the coil 16. As was explained above, this can cause permanent deformation of the surrounding induction coil 16, damage to the ramming material, and possible cracks in the furnace wall with a resultant metal spill out.
  • FIG. 3 A top view of a crucible or furnace constructed in accordance with the present invention is shown in FIG. 3. It will be noted that it is similar to FIG. 1 except that the abutting surfaces of the bricks 22 now lie along lines 23 which are at an acute angle with respect to the radius of the circular configuration. This is perhaps best shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • the radius of the crucible is indicated by the line 24. Note that the abutting surfaces 23 are at uniform acute angles 0 with respect to the radius 24.
  • the force F is normal to the end surface or junction 23 between two bricks; while the force F, is along the interface between the two bricks. Whenever the force F, reaches a value where the force F,- is greater than the frictional force on the interface between bricks, a sliding motion occurs between the bricks, and each brick is forced to rotate in a clockwise direction. That is, the upper and lower edges of the brick are forced to move a very small amount to the dotted-line positions 26 shown in FIG. 5, this being exaggerated for purposes of explanation. This rotation tends to minimize the gap between the bricks and any diametrical or circumferential growth of the original circular configuration.
  • the angular relationship of the lines A-D and B-C is determined by first establishing a circle identified by the reference numeral 30 in FIG. 4.
  • This circle must have a radius greater than zero and less than the radius R, of the inner periphery of the wall formed from the bricks 22.
  • the radius of the circle 30 is onehalf the radius R at the inner periphery of the crucible, or R /2.
  • the circle 30 is divided into equal circular arcs, four of which are shown in FIG. 4 and identified as 32A, 32B, 32C and 32D. By drawing radii through points 34 at the ends of each equal arc 32A, 32B, etc.
  • each circular brick can be established. Thereafter, by drawing a line from the inner radial end D, for examplel of one edge surface of a brick to a point 34 on the circle (which point 34 is defined by the intersection of a radius which intersects the inner radial end C of the other edge surface of the brick), then the slope of the edges 23 is determined. When this procedure is repeated, centers of resolution 36 and 38, for example, will be generated and these points will be on a circle 40 which is concentric with the circle 30.
  • the circle 30 need not have a radius equal to one-half the radius of the inner periphery of the crucible wall; however this is desirable. As the radius of the circle 30 is increased, so also will the slope of the edges 23. Conversely, as the radius of the circle 30 decreases, so also does the slope in the angle 6 shown in FIG. 5.
  • a wall construction formed from arcuate refractory bricks stacked one upon the other, the abutting edge surfaces of said bricks at opposite ends of their arcuate configurations being at uniform acute angles with respect to the radius of said vessel whereby thermal expansion forces generated in said bricks will cause the edge surface of at least one brick to slide on the abutting edge surface of an adjacent brick without materially increasing the radius of said wall.
  • edge surfaces are defined by lines drawn from the inner radial end of one edge surface of a brick to a point on a circle which lies intermediate the center of the vessel and the inner periphery of the wall, said point on the circle being defined by the intersection therewith of a radius which intersects the inner radial end of the other edge surface of said brick.
  • the wall construction of claim 3 including an induction coil surrounding said wall, and ceramic ramming and insulation material embedded around said induction coil.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
US00218340A 1972-01-17 1972-01-17 Circular refractory brick construction Expired - Lifetime US3735011A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US21834072A 1972-01-17 1972-01-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3735011A true US3735011A (en) 1973-05-22

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ID=22814715

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00218340A Expired - Lifetime US3735011A (en) 1972-01-17 1972-01-17 Circular refractory brick construction

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US3735011A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS4881711A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE794147A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA973356A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2302205C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES410717A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2168806A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1392011A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT976911B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE400118B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4205047A (en) * 1977-02-12 1980-05-27 Dr. C. Otto & Comp. G.M.B.H. Tubular apparatus for conducting gases
US4532398A (en) * 1981-12-04 1985-07-30 Asea Aktiebolag Induction coil
US5481086A (en) * 1994-08-09 1996-01-02 Dynamic Systems Inc. High temperature deformable crucible for use with self-resistively heated specimens
US20110308511A1 (en) * 2011-08-29 2011-12-22 Player Tyler Marshall Elevated fixed-grate appartus for use with multi-fuel furnaces

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3015331C2 (de) * 1979-04-24 1983-01-13 Cockerill, 4100 Seraing Stein für die feuerfeste Ausmauerung eines kreisförmigen metallurgischen Behälters
JPH02120699U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1989-03-09 1990-09-28

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3140333A (en) * 1961-02-01 1964-07-07 Resco Products Inc Universal circle ladle brick
US3401226A (en) * 1965-10-24 1968-09-10 Dresser Ind Induction furnace having a composite lining composed of refractory brick
US3603050A (en) * 1969-08-22 1971-09-07 Myron Coleman Ladle lining
US3635459A (en) * 1968-02-29 1972-01-18 Arrigo Mare Refractory brick having oblique surface

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS4838240A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1971-09-21 1973-06-05

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3140333A (en) * 1961-02-01 1964-07-07 Resco Products Inc Universal circle ladle brick
US3401226A (en) * 1965-10-24 1968-09-10 Dresser Ind Induction furnace having a composite lining composed of refractory brick
US3635459A (en) * 1968-02-29 1972-01-18 Arrigo Mare Refractory brick having oblique surface
US3603050A (en) * 1969-08-22 1971-09-07 Myron Coleman Ladle lining

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4205047A (en) * 1977-02-12 1980-05-27 Dr. C. Otto & Comp. G.M.B.H. Tubular apparatus for conducting gases
US4532398A (en) * 1981-12-04 1985-07-30 Asea Aktiebolag Induction coil
US5481086A (en) * 1994-08-09 1996-01-02 Dynamic Systems Inc. High temperature deformable crucible for use with self-resistively heated specimens
US20110308511A1 (en) * 2011-08-29 2011-12-22 Player Tyler Marshall Elevated fixed-grate appartus for use with multi-fuel furnaces
US8997666B2 (en) * 2011-08-29 2015-04-07 Tyler Marshall PLAYER Elevated fixed-grate apparatus for use with multi-fuel furnaces

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT976911B (it) 1974-09-10
SE400118B (sv) 1978-03-13
JPS4881711A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-11-01
ES410717A1 (es) 1976-01-01
BE794147A (fr) 1973-07-17
DE2302205C2 (de) 1983-02-03
CA973356A (en) 1975-08-26
GB1392011A (en) 1975-04-23
DE2302205A1 (de) 1973-08-02
FR2168806A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-08-31

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AS Assignment

Owner name: CITICORP INDUSTRIAL CREDIT, INC., BOND COURT BLDG.

Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SPECIAL METALS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004207/0501

Effective date: 19831223

AS Assignment

Owner name: HELLER FINANCIAL, INC., 101 PARK AVE., NEW YORK, N

Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SPECIAL METALS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004756/0171

Effective date: 19870827

AS Assignment

Owner name: SPECIAL METALS CORPORATION

Free format text: RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:CITICORP INDUSTRIAL CREDIT, INC.;REEL/FRAME:004764/0322

Effective date: 19870825

AS Assignment

Owner name: SPECIAL METALS CORPORATION, NEW YORK

Free format text: RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:HELLER FINANCIAL, INC.;REEL/FRAME:005463/0096

Effective date: 19900831