US3730966A - Cryogenic cable - Google Patents

Cryogenic cable Download PDF

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Publication number
US3730966A
US3730966A US00219398A US3730966DA US3730966A US 3730966 A US3730966 A US 3730966A US 00219398 A US00219398 A US 00219398A US 3730966D A US3730966D A US 3730966DA US 3730966 A US3730966 A US 3730966A
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Prior art keywords
layer
layers
cryocable
superconductive
cryogenic
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US00219398A
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English (en)
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M Aupoix
Franckhauser F Moisson
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/001—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for superconducting apparatus, e.g. coils, lines, machines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B12/00—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines
    • H01B12/02—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines characterised by their form
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/60—Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment

Definitions

  • the layers of 131 A, 1 15; 335/216 conductors or superconductors and the ring are wound helically.
  • cryocables It is a particularly important condition with respect to such cryocables to prevent the magnetic field produced by the passage of current in the superconductive sheet (or layer) of a structure as described hereinabove from disturbing the adjacent conductive layer, there by setting up induced magnetic fields therein.
  • Such induced fields produce an increase in the temperature of the cryocable, the consumption of cryogenic fluid is increased and there is thereupon a risk of blocking of the superconductive layer. This is one of the disadvantages of known cryocables.
  • the sheet or layer of superconductive material is constituted by juxtaposed tapes which are helically wound.
  • the superconductive layers have flowing through them equal currents of opposite direction. Penetration of the magnetic field into the adjacent conductive layer takes place if the helices of the superconductive layers are of different pitch or if the said layers are irregular or comprise, for example, windings in which the turns are not contiguous.
  • Another cryocable structure comprises a superconductive layer deposited on a cryoresistive material.
  • the electrical and thermal resistance of this structure must be as low as possible, so as to'permit the stabilization of the composite conductor as formed.
  • the current passes into the cryoresistive layer.
  • the manufacture of such a structure is a delicate matter and a structure of this kindhas the disadvantage that it limits the blocking of the superconductive layer only to a zone of small extent, which may result in deterioration due to thermal effect and, furthermore, locally oppose the return of the superconductive layer towards it initial superconductive state.
  • cryocable constituted by a structure comprising means for coolinga first layer ofa conductive material, and a second layer of'superconductive material, characterized in that it comprises means for providing electrical contact between the first and second layers, and a material of high electrical resistivity interposed between the said first andsecond layers.
  • FIG. 1 shows, in perspective and in tiered section, a diagrammatic view of a cryocable according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a diagrammatic view, in longitudinal section,.of the said cryocable.
  • FIG. 1 shows, in perspective and in tiered" section, a cryocable constituted by an inner, coaxial structure 1, comprising:
  • the said conduit may, for example, be manufactured from a perforated, insulating synthetic material
  • a second layer of a superconductive material 4 comprised of niobium strips or tapes helically wound about the first layer, the winding direction of the helices thereof being opposite to the winding direction of the helices of the-first layer;
  • a material 5 of high electrical resistivity, notably at low temperature also called cryoresistive interposed between the first and second layers.
  • the said material is interposed between the two layers in the form of a filament or keeper ring of large cross-section, helically wound-with non-contiguous turns on to the first layer 3 about the thick insulating taping 8;
  • a keeper ring 10 of high electrical resistivity as in the case of the first structure, being a filament of large .cross-section helically wound with non-contiguous turns about the first layer;
  • a second layer 1 l of a conductive material comprised of a thick aluminum tape helically wound about the keeper ring 10;
  • a further conduit 12 providing for the circulation of a cryogenic fluid about the two coaxial structures.
  • the said tape may be of copper and its purpose is to promote thermal exchange between the cryogenic fluid circulating in the central conduit and the first aluminum layer.
  • the said central conduit is formed with grooves 16 and perforations 17, the purpose of which it is to permit the propagation of the cryogenic fluid as far as the second layer of superconductive material.
  • the cryogenic fluid reaches the said second layer through the perforations l7 and through the spaces between the helices of the first layer of conductive material 3.
  • the insulating keeper ring is wound in helices having widely spaced turns, thus permitting the cryogenic fluid to circulate readily between the first layer 3 and the second layer 4, so that it directly contacts the said second layer of superconductive material.
  • the insulating element 8 electrically insulates the first and second structures and is wound in superposed layers.
  • the external structure is provided with a wide copper strip contacting the second layer of conductive material 1 1; this helically wound strip promotes thermal exchange between the cryogenic fluid circulating at 18 in the conduit 12 and the conductive layer 11.
  • the cryogenic fluid readily reaches the first superconductive layer 9 and readily circulates between the first and second layers 9 and 11 respectively, due to the provision of the keeper ring 10 helically wound with widely spaced turns.
  • the keeper ring 10 plays an extremely important role in each of the structures. It permits the presence of the cryogenic fluid between the cryoresistive and superconductive layers. It spaces these two layers apart so as to prevent the leakage field due to the small spaces between the strips of superconductive material from reaching the layer of conductive material which would result in excessive heating of the said layer. Its main task is to condition the distribution of the current between layers in the event of loss of the superconductive stage and to afford a detection process permitting effective protection of the cryocable.
  • the layers of conductive material 3 and 11 of the inner and outer structures are helically wound in different directions and with different pitches, but substantially at the same angle relatively to the axis of the cryocable.
  • the purpose of this is to prevent axial and radial mechanical stressing from being exerted between the structures when the cryocable is cooled. Furthermore, this arrangement prevents any considerable torsion couple from damaging the cryocable when the latter is wound on a reel for transport purposes and for.
  • the aluminum strip of the first layer and the superconductive strip of the second layer have, for the same purpose, been given a relatively considerable thickness.
  • the superconductive strips are helically wound with the same pitch and in the same direction in both structures, so as not to set up a magnetic field at the level of the inner layer of conductive material 3.
  • This particularly advantageous arrangement makes it possible to provide a cryocable of great length (400 meters, for example), and the length of which does not vary when it is cooled, and the structure of which is not damaged by mechanical stressing due to a high degree of thermal variation or deformation of the cryocable when it is wound on a reel.
  • FIG. 2 shows the cryocable in longitudinal diagrammatic section.
  • the connecting wires 19 and 20 are connected at certain points on the keeper ring 5 made from a material of high electrical resistivity on the first structure, the wires 21 and 22 being connected to the keeper ring 10 of the second structure.
  • each cryocable section has a length of 400 meters for example and a connecting wire is disposed at each end of the section.
  • the keeper ring is a high-resistivity wire (approximately 100 ohm-centimeters, for example, made from charged polyethylene). If the superconductive layer blocks, the current will flow in the conductive layer through intermediary of the high-resistivity keeper the turns of which contact each of the two conductor and superconductor layers.
  • the connecting wires thus described permit, furthermore, the protection of that section of the cryocable which has passed from the superconductive state to the blocked state. The current in each layer depends on the abscissa of the blocked zone along the section.
  • the high-resistivity I material constituting the keeper ring is an electrical insulator.
  • the electrical contact is established only at predetermined points along the cryocable section concerned. For example, at points 23 and 24 for the inner structure and at points 25 and 26 for the outer structure.
  • Detecting wires l9,20,2l,22 are disposed as hereinabove for detecting the blocking of the superconductive layers. On the superconductor layer blocking, the current passes into the superconductive layer through intermediary of contacts such as 2 3,24,25,26.
  • the said detecting wires are surrounded by a lead sheath and debouch for example into the central conduit 2 for the innerstructure andinto the conduit 12 for the-outer structure.
  • the connecting wires permit permanent monitoring of the satisfactory functioning of the cryocable. Any incident resulting in a local loss of superconductive state in the superconductive layer is indicated by slow heating of this layer.
  • the connecting wires permitting the detection of this incident furthermore permit-protection of the cryocable by means of circuit breakers the operating velocity of which is relatively low.
  • the current flows through the conductive layer over a length of 200 meters, on either side of the blocked zone, with reference to sections 400 meters long.
  • This particularly advantageous arrangement permits rapid reduction of the current strength in the superconductive layer at the level of the blocked zone of the superconductive layer, thereby preventing damage to that zone. It should be noted that, on blocking taking place, the impedance of the superconductive layer is higher than that of the conductive or cryoresistive layer.
  • the voltage drop brought about by the passage of current in the conductive layer over some hundreds of meters enables the blocking to be detected.
  • the connecting wires permit detection of the presence of a magnetic field in the space between the conductive layer and the superconductive layer.
  • the said magnetic field appears in consequence of the blocking of the superconductive layer.
  • An induced voltage appears between the points 23 and 24 or between the points 25 and 26. Localization of the blocked zones is effected by comparing the voltages at the ends of the connecting wires of different adjacent sections.
  • the high-resistivity keeper ring is an electrical insulator. Electrical contact is established at regular intervals between conductive and superconductive layers, for example, at the end of each section, every 400 meters. Blocking detection is effected in the same manner as in the first variant, but the current in each layer does not depend on the abscissa of the blocked zone along the section.
  • Cryocable constituted by a structure comprising a first layer of conductive material, means for cooling said first layer, a second layer of superconductive material, means for affording electrical contact between said first and second layers and a material of high electrical resistivity interposed between said first and second layers in the form of a keeper ring helically wound on said first layer, said means for affording electrical contact being incorporated in said material of high electrical resistivity, in contact with both said first and second layers.

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  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
  • Thermal Insulation (AREA)
US00219398A 1971-01-21 1972-01-20 Cryogenic cable Expired - Lifetime US3730966A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7102012A FR2122741A5 (ja) 1971-01-21 1971-01-21

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US3730966A true US3730966A (en) 1973-05-01

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US00219398A Expired - Lifetime US3730966A (en) 1971-01-21 1972-01-20 Cryogenic cable

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US (1) US3730966A (ja)
JP (1) JPS5651445B1 (ja)
BE (1) BE777856A (ja)
CH (1) CH550498A (ja)
DE (1) DE2202288C3 (ja)
FR (1) FR2122741A5 (ja)
GB (1) GB1371818A (ja)
IT (1) IT946655B (ja)
NL (1) NL7200845A (ja)

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3973385A (en) * 1975-05-05 1976-08-10 Consolidated Products Corporation Electromechanical cable
US3989885A (en) * 1974-05-31 1976-11-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Support body for the conductors of a low-temperature cable
US4031310A (en) * 1975-06-13 1977-06-21 General Cable Corporation Shrinkable electrical cable core for cryogenic cable
US6005194A (en) * 1995-06-06 1999-12-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft A.C. cable with two concentric conductor configurations of stranded single conductors
WO2000049626A1 (en) * 1999-02-19 2000-08-24 Nkt Research Center A/S A cable, a method of constructing a cable, and use of a cable
US6255595B1 (en) * 1995-12-28 2001-07-03 Pirelli Cavi S.P.A. Superconducting cable with the phase conductors connected at the ends
US6262375B1 (en) * 1992-09-24 2001-07-17 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. Room temperature dielectric HTSC cable
EP1117104A2 (en) * 2000-01-13 2001-07-18 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Superconducting cable and method of analyzing the same
WO2002025672A2 (en) * 2000-09-15 2002-03-28 Southwire Company Superconducting cable
US20030000731A1 (en) * 1998-09-11 2003-01-02 Hughey Raburn L. Superconducting cable
US6576843B1 (en) 2000-07-17 2003-06-10 Brookhaven Science Associates, Llc Power superconducting power transmission cable
US20030183410A1 (en) * 2003-06-09 2003-10-02 Sinha Uday K. Superconducting cable
US20040020686A1 (en) * 2002-08-01 2004-02-05 Sanchez Alfonso Perez Superconducting power cable with enhanced superconducting core
US6730851B2 (en) * 2000-10-06 2004-05-04 Pirelli Cavi E Sistemi S.P.A. Superconducting cable and current transmission and/or distribution network including the superconducting cable
US6759593B2 (en) * 2000-11-14 2004-07-06 Pirelli Cavi E Sistemi S.P.A. Superconducting cable
US6794579B1 (en) * 1997-08-05 2004-09-21 Pirelli Cavi E Sistemi S.P.A. High temperature superconducting cable
US20050236175A1 (en) * 2004-04-27 2005-10-27 Chandra Reis System for transmitting current including magnetically decoupled superconducting conductors
US20070029104A1 (en) * 2005-04-27 2007-02-08 Arnaud Allais Superconductor cable
CN104637615A (zh) * 2015-01-30 2015-05-20 安徽万博电缆材料有限公司 一种煤矿用电力电缆
US11031155B2 (en) * 2019-04-09 2021-06-08 Bruker Switzerland Ag Reinforced superconducting wire, superconducting cable, superconducting coil and superconducting magnet

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2507019B1 (de) * 1975-02-19 1976-05-13 Siemens Ag Stuetzkoerper fuer die leiter eines tieftemperaturkabels
SU714511A1 (ru) * 1976-01-08 1980-02-05 Государственный Научно-Исследовательский Энергетический Институт Им. Г.М. Кржижановского Гибкий многофазный кабель переменного тока
US4184042A (en) * 1977-05-03 1980-01-15 Gosudarstvenny Nauchno-Issledovatelsky Energetichesky Institut Imeni G.M. Krzhizhanovskogo Multisection superconducting cable for carrying alternating current
JPS5930644U (ja) * 1982-08-23 1984-02-25 東洋電機製造株式会社 回転電機の固定子
US5030614A (en) * 1987-05-15 1991-07-09 Omega Engineering, Inc. Superconductor sensors
DE4109818A1 (de) * 1990-12-22 1991-11-14 Edwin Schmidt Verfahren und vorrichtung zum tiefkuehlen elektrischer hohlleiter stromdurchflossener spulen
FR2716292B1 (fr) * 1994-02-15 1996-04-12 Gec Alsthom Electromec Bobine supraconductrice à transition générale.
DE19520589A1 (de) * 1995-06-06 1996-12-12 Siemens Ag Wechselstromkabel mit verseilten elektrischen Leitern
KR20010092758A (ko) 1998-12-24 2001-10-26 지아네시 피에르 지오반니 초전도 케이블
ATE308794T1 (de) * 1998-12-24 2005-11-15 Pirelli & C Spa Supraleitendes kabel
EP1145254A1 (en) 1998-12-24 2001-10-17 PIRELLI CAVI E SISTEMI S.p.A. Superconducting cable

Citations (6)

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US3187235A (en) * 1962-03-19 1965-06-01 North American Aviation Inc Means for insulating superconducting devices
US3515793A (en) * 1966-12-29 1970-06-02 Comp Generale Electricite Cryogenic polyphase cable
US3541221A (en) * 1967-12-11 1970-11-17 Comp Generale Electricite Electric cable whose length does not vary as a function of temperature
US3595982A (en) * 1967-12-20 1971-07-27 Siemens Ag Supercounducting alternating current cable
US3634597A (en) * 1969-07-10 1972-01-11 Kabel Metallwerke Ghh Conductor system for superconducting cables
US3643002A (en) * 1969-03-19 1972-02-15 Gen Electric Superconductive cable system

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1665721C3 (de) * 1966-08-18 1975-05-15 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen Supraleitendes Starkstromkabel

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3187235A (en) * 1962-03-19 1965-06-01 North American Aviation Inc Means for insulating superconducting devices
US3515793A (en) * 1966-12-29 1970-06-02 Comp Generale Electricite Cryogenic polyphase cable
US3541221A (en) * 1967-12-11 1970-11-17 Comp Generale Electricite Electric cable whose length does not vary as a function of temperature
US3595982A (en) * 1967-12-20 1971-07-27 Siemens Ag Supercounducting alternating current cable
US3643002A (en) * 1969-03-19 1972-02-15 Gen Electric Superconductive cable system
US3634597A (en) * 1969-07-10 1972-01-11 Kabel Metallwerke Ghh Conductor system for superconducting cables

Cited By (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3989885A (en) * 1974-05-31 1976-11-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Support body for the conductors of a low-temperature cable
US3973385A (en) * 1975-05-05 1976-08-10 Consolidated Products Corporation Electromechanical cable
US4031310A (en) * 1975-06-13 1977-06-21 General Cable Corporation Shrinkable electrical cable core for cryogenic cable
US6262375B1 (en) * 1992-09-24 2001-07-17 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. Room temperature dielectric HTSC cable
US6005194A (en) * 1995-06-06 1999-12-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft A.C. cable with two concentric conductor configurations of stranded single conductors
US6255595B1 (en) * 1995-12-28 2001-07-03 Pirelli Cavi S.P.A. Superconducting cable with the phase conductors connected at the ends
US6512311B1 (en) * 1995-12-28 2003-01-28 Pirelli Cavi S.P.A. High power superconducting cable
US6794579B1 (en) * 1997-08-05 2004-09-21 Pirelli Cavi E Sistemi S.P.A. High temperature superconducting cable
US20050096231A1 (en) * 1998-09-11 2005-05-05 Hughey Raburn L. Superconducting cable
US6867375B2 (en) * 1998-09-11 2005-03-15 Southwire Company Superconducting cable having a flexible former
US20030000731A1 (en) * 1998-09-11 2003-01-02 Hughey Raburn L. Superconducting cable
WO2000049626A1 (en) * 1999-02-19 2000-08-24 Nkt Research Center A/S A cable, a method of constructing a cable, and use of a cable
US6750399B1 (en) 1999-02-19 2004-06-15 Nkt Cables Ultera A/S Cable, a method of constructing a cable, and use of a cable
EP1117104A2 (en) * 2000-01-13 2001-07-18 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Superconducting cable and method of analyzing the same
EP1117104A3 (en) * 2000-01-13 2002-11-27 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Superconducting cable and method of analyzing the same
US6552260B2 (en) 2000-01-13 2003-04-22 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Superconducting cable and method of analyzing the same
US6576843B1 (en) 2000-07-17 2003-06-10 Brookhaven Science Associates, Llc Power superconducting power transmission cable
WO2002025672A2 (en) * 2000-09-15 2002-03-28 Southwire Company Superconducting cable
WO2002025672A3 (en) * 2000-09-15 2002-09-06 Southwire Co Superconducting cable
US6730851B2 (en) * 2000-10-06 2004-05-04 Pirelli Cavi E Sistemi S.P.A. Superconducting cable and current transmission and/or distribution network including the superconducting cable
US6759593B2 (en) * 2000-11-14 2004-07-06 Pirelli Cavi E Sistemi S.P.A. Superconducting cable
US20040020686A1 (en) * 2002-08-01 2004-02-05 Sanchez Alfonso Perez Superconducting power cable with enhanced superconducting core
US20030183410A1 (en) * 2003-06-09 2003-10-02 Sinha Uday K. Superconducting cable
US20050236175A1 (en) * 2004-04-27 2005-10-27 Chandra Reis System for transmitting current including magnetically decoupled superconducting conductors
US7608785B2 (en) 2004-04-27 2009-10-27 Superpower, Inc. System for transmitting current including magnetically decoupled superconducting conductors
US20070029104A1 (en) * 2005-04-27 2007-02-08 Arnaud Allais Superconductor cable
US7633014B2 (en) * 2005-04-27 2009-12-15 Nexans Superconductor cable
CN104637615A (zh) * 2015-01-30 2015-05-20 安徽万博电缆材料有限公司 一种煤矿用电力电缆
US11031155B2 (en) * 2019-04-09 2021-06-08 Bruker Switzerland Ag Reinforced superconducting wire, superconducting cable, superconducting coil and superconducting magnet

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1371818A (en) 1974-10-30
IT946655B (it) 1973-05-21
JPS5651445B1 (ja) 1981-12-05
BE777856A (fr) 1972-07-10
DE2202288C3 (de) 1981-07-23
NL7200845A (ja) 1972-07-25
DE2202288B2 (ja) 1980-07-31
DE2202288A1 (de) 1972-07-27
FR2122741A5 (ja) 1972-09-01
CH550498A (fr) 1974-06-14

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