US3727578A - Electrophotographic developing device using liquid - Google Patents

Electrophotographic developing device using liquid Download PDF

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Publication number
US3727578A
US3727578A US00076729A US3727578DA US3727578A US 3727578 A US3727578 A US 3727578A US 00076729 A US00076729 A US 00076729A US 3727578D A US3727578D A US 3727578DA US 3727578 A US3727578 A US 3727578A
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developer
film
aperture
developing
developing device
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T Saito
S Tsukada
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Canon Inc
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Canon Inc
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
    • G03G15/10—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a liquid developer
    • G03G15/101—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a liquid developer for wetting the recording material

Definitions

  • FIG. I2 is a diagrammatic representation of FIG. I2
  • This invention generally relates to an electrophotographic developing device using liquid, and more particularly to such a developing device in which an electrophotographic film comprising a recording medium securely held in an apertured support frame by means of an adhesive agent can be developed by developing solution without the support frame, and the adhesive agent being moistened by the developing solution, whereby the support frame and the adhesive agent is protected against any stain or injury imparted by the developing solution.
  • Electrophotographic film is well known, e.g., the film used with a microfilmer, projector or the like, and there are various types of such film.
  • Electrophotographic film generally comprises a thin layer of photoconductive material disposed on a substrate treated for electrical conduction.
  • Various organic or inorganic com-- pounds are known as suitable for such photoconductive material.
  • inorganic compounds are effective for use as the photoconductive material, organic compounds are more effective and a transparent photoconductive medium provided by such photoconductive compounds applied onto a transparent substrate is very suitable for use with a microfilmer, projector or the like.
  • the organic photoconductive compounds include polycyclic aromatic compounds such as anthracene, pyrene, etc., heterocyclic compounds such as imidazole, oxazole, thiazole, triazole, carbazole, etc., or high molecular substances such as polyvinyl carbazole, polyvinyl acenaphthene, etc.
  • polycyclic aromatic compounds such as anthracene, pyrene, etc.
  • heterocyclic compounds such as imidazole, oxazole, thiazole, triazole, carbazole, etc.
  • high molecular substances such as polyvinyl carbazole, polyvinyl acenaphthene, etc.
  • developing solution in order to develop through the aperture formed in the support frame an electrostatic latent image formed on a photosensitive film held in said support frame, developing solution is caused to rise or swell in a shape corresponding to the surface area of the film carrying the latent image so as to contact that surface, whereby the developing solution positively develops the latent image while it is given a fine mobility to maintain itself effective for the purpose of development.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the developing device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a vertical cross section of the device of FIG. 1 showing the manner in which developing solution is caused to flow up through the small holes in the upper end of the developing box and rise or swell over the developing box.
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary sectional view of the same device showing the manner in which the rising developing solution contacts the image-carrier surface of a recording medium.
  • FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the developing device of FIG. 1 as incorporated in an electrophotographic slide printer.
  • FIG. 5 shows, in perspective view, a second form of the present invention together with a recording medium used therewith.
  • FIG. 6 shows, in cross section, the developing device of FIG. 5 for illustrating the manner in which developing solution is fed upwardly through a plurality of discrete cylinders facing the surface to be developed so as to rise and contact that surface.
  • FIG. 7 is a fragmentary sectional view showing the interior shape of the cylinders shown in FIG. 6.
  • FIGS. 8(a) to 8(a) are cross-sectional views showing a third form of the present invention and illustrating the manner in which developing solution filling the developing box rises or swells through the open top of the box due to its own surface tension and contacts the surface to be developed.
  • FIG. 9 shows, in cross section, the developing device of FIG. 8 as incorporated in an electrophotographic slide printer.
  • FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a similar view showing the manner in which the recording medium is developed by the device of FIG. 10.
  • FIG. 12 shows, in cross section, a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 there is shown a first embodiment of the present invention used with a known recording medium 1 held at its edges by a support frame or mount 2.
  • the recording medium 1 has all but its peripheral edges exposed or visible in an aperture a bounded by the inner side edges of the support frame 2.
  • the shown developing device of the present invention comprises a developing box 3 having an open top a, which is dimensioned somewhat smaller than the area of the recording medium 1 defined by'the apertured walls of the support frame 2, for a reason described later.
  • a plate 5 formed with a number of small holes is fitted in the open top a of the developing box 3 for a certain purpose to be described.
  • the developing box 3 is filled with developing solution 4 which is introduced thereinto from an unshown supply source through a supply pipe 6 in communication with a pump or like pressure source (not shown).
  • the developing solution 4 introduced into the developing box 3 is fed upwardly along the inner side wall surfaces of the box (FIG. 2), and further fed out of the developing box 3 through the holes in the plate 5 so that the out-flow of the developing liquid 4 may form a layer of liquid which is to contact the effective area of the recording medium 1 carrying an electrostatic latent image thereon (FIG. 3).
  • the contact pressure between the developing liquid and the surface of the recording medium as well as the surface tension of the developing liquid causes the liquid forming the layer to flow laterally toward the inner side edges of the support frame 2 to sweep the entire effective surface area of the recording medium 1, whereafter the developing solution 4 flows downwardly along the vertical inner side edges of the support frame 2.
  • the developing solution 4 develops the entire latent image on the recording medium 1 without moistening the surrounding support frame 2.
  • the overflow of the developing solution is received in a sump 7 disposed around the developing box 3 in the lower portion thereof.
  • the top opening a of the developing box 3 is dimensioned smaller than the apparentv area of the recording medium 1 defined by the apertured walls of the support frame 2 as shown in FIG. 3, although the dimensions of the opening a are actually determined by various factors such as the viscosity and supply rate of the developing solution, wettability of the recording medium, spacing between the open top a of the developing box 3 and the lower surface of the recording medium 1, etc.
  • the layer of the.develop- 'ing solution 4 formed over the open top a of the developing box 3 may preferably have a thickness of the order of l to 3 mm. as measured from the surface of that open top a, and such thickness is the most stable and appropriate to achieve the intended effect.
  • the plate 5 having a number of small holes and fitted I in the open top a of the developing box 3 serves to stabilize the out-flow of the developing solution as well as acts as a developing electrode. If desired, a wire screen may be employed instead of the apertured plate 5.
  • FIG. 4 shows the described embodiment of the present invention incorporated as a developing device in an electrophotographic printer for the formation of slides.
  • the recording medium 1 such as an electrophotographic film supported by the support frame or slide mount 2
  • a holder 8 by suction means or the like (not shown).
  • a process bench 12 including an electrical charging means 9, photoexposure shutter 10 and developing device of FIG. 1 generally indicated by 1 l is arranged to move horizontally in the direction in-- dicated by the straight arrow, so that the film 1 is electrically charged and exposed to image-carrier light to form an electrostatic latent image, and is then developed by the developing device 11.
  • Reference numerals 13 and 14 designate a projection lens and shield plates, respectively.
  • the developing solution 4 supplied the developing box 3 by means of pump 15 is fed upwardly to pass through the top opening a of the box 3 so as to contact the electrostatic latent "image formed on the film l, in the manner described above.
  • the latent image is rendered visible without the support frame or slide mount 2 being wetted by the developing solution.
  • the sump 7 may have its wall 7 sufficiently tall to permit the upper end thereof to intimately contact the lower surface of the slide mount 2, whereby the slide mount 2 can be perfectly shielded from the overflow of the developing solution.
  • the developing solution suitable for the electrostatic latent image formed on the film 1 in this case should be composed of toner particles having diameters in the range of 0.5 to 5 p. and dispersed in an insulating liquid.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 there is shown another form of the present invention, which employs a plurality of closely spaced, discrete cylinders projecting upwardly from the upper end of a cylindrical developing box 16 having a supply pipe 17 connected thereto.
  • the cylinders or nozzles 15 are arranged to have the developing solution 4 pass therethrough toward the recording medium 1 in the manner shown in FIG. 6.
  • the developing solution 4 flows upwardly through each of the discrete cylinders 15 to reach the image-carrier surface of the recording medium 1 while also flowing laterally toward the inner side edgesof the support frame 2, whereafter' the overflow flows downwardly along the vertical channels defined by the outer wall surfaces of adjacent cylinders 15 and returns into the developing box 16.
  • the flow pattern of the developing solution 4 is such that the part of the solution 4 flowing up through each discrete cylinder 15 forms a discrete upward stream, which sweeps the image-carrier surface of the recording medium 1 and then flows down into the channels between adjacent cylinders 15.
  • the tendency of the developing solution 4 to flow excessively toward the inner side edges of the support frame 2 is effectively reduced during the developing process, so that the outflow pressure and surface tension of the liquid are stably balanced with each other to thereby strictly limit the area ofthe recording medium contacted by the developing solution and accordingly perfectly'protect the support frame 2 against moistening.
  • the embodiment now under discussion achieves protection of the support frame 2 better than the first-described embodiment in which part of the developing liquid 4 flowing through the open top a of the developing box 3 may go beyond the inner side edges of the support frame 2 due to an increased liquid pressure to thereby reach and moisten the lower side thereof.
  • the cylinders 15 for passing the developing solution therethrough may have a generally circular, square or other suitable cross section.
  • the bore of each cylinder 15 may be enlarged as shown in FIG. 7, so that the pressure imparted from the developing solution to the image-carrier surface of the recording medium may be reduced so as to ensure satisfactory development to be achieved.
  • Such a screen or the portion of the cylinders 15 which is adjacent to the surface to be developed may further serve as a developing electrode if it is formed of an electrically conductive material, and in such cases a bias voltage may be applied if required.
  • the latent image to be developed has a relatively high residual potential or where members such as cylinders 15 facing the imagecarrier surface have a non-uniform surface, these members should effectively be formed of an electrically insulating material so as to attain a uniform developing effect.
  • the developing solution 4 filling the developing box 18 is caused to rise or swell through the open top a due to its own surface tension (FIG. 8a), and the surface of the recording medium 1 carrying an electrostatic latent image thereon is brought into contact with the surface of the swollen liquid 4 to thereby cause the liquid to expand laterally toward the inner side edges of the support frame 2 while keeping contact with the image-can rier surface, of the recording medium, whereafter the liquid flows down. along the vertical inner side edges of the support frame 2 due to its gravity (FIGS. 8b).
  • FIG. 8c shows the developed recording medium as it is moved away from the developing liquid.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates the developing device of FIG. 8a incorporated in an electrophotographic printer for the formation of slides.
  • the recording medium such as a transparent film 1 formed of organic semiconductorand supported by the support frame or slide mount 2 is set in an opening b formed in a holder 20 rotatable about a shaft 19, the opening b being larger than but proportional to the aperture a of the slide mount 2.
  • the film 1 held there in is passed through electrical charging means (not shown) and exposure device 21 to form an electrostatic image on the film l, which is subsequently positioned above the developing device 22 as shown, whereby the latent image is made visible.
  • the developing device 22 has a pipe 23 for supplying therethrough the developing solution 4 from an unshown supply source into a tank 24 for storing the supplied liquid. Within the tank 24 there is disposed a developing box 25 having a high resistance to the developing solution.
  • the developing box 25 shown in FIG. 9 corresponds to that indicated by 18 in FIG. 8a, and it is securely mounted on a support plate 28 which is vertically movable with the aid of spring 26 and wire means 27.
  • the support plate 28 slides along vertical guide posts 29.
  • the developing box is normally urged downwardly by the wire means 27 and submerged in the developing solution 4 contained in the tank 24, but when the film 1 having an electrostatic latent image formed thereon is positioned above the developing box 25, the wire means 27 is released to allow the spring 26 to upwardly bias the support plate 28 and the developing box 25 together.
  • the open top a of the developing box 25 appears above the liquid surface in the tank 24, the quantity of liquid filling the box 25 rises or swells upwardly above the open top a of the box 25 due to its surface tension to form a convex meniscus.
  • a vertically adjustable stop member is provided on each post 29 adjacent the top thereof so as to stop the upwardly moving box 25 at such a level that the surface of the swollen liquid contacts the image carrier surface of the film 1 so as to develop the electrostatic latent image thereon.
  • the standard dimensions for the opening a of the developing box 25 are in the range of 20 .to 21 mm. X 31 to 32 mm., provided that the developing solution in use is composed of toner particles dispersed in kerosene.
  • the depth of the box 25 may be suitably determined by the density of the developing solution and the time required for the development.
  • the support plate 28 may be lowered, slowly at first, and then faster, whereby the developing solution in the tank 24 is stirred and maintained at a uniform density.
  • FIG. 10 there is shown a further form of the developing device embodying the present invention.
  • a relatively nar-, row vertical flow passage 31 having a flange-like developing plate 32 formed integrally therewith is disposed with its open top facing the center portion of therecording medium 1 similar to that shown and described in each of the preceding embodiments.
  • the developing plate 32 is substantially parallel to the recording medium 1 and its outer edges lie inwardly of the inner side edges of the support frame 2 holding the recording medium 1, as in the cases of the previous examples.
  • the developing solution 4 is fed upwardly through the passage 31 toward the center area of the recording medium, and the out-flow of the liquid then flows laterally along the developing plate 32 toward the inner side edges of the support frame 2, from which the liquid flows downwardly.
  • the liquid is caused to flow laterally through the gap between the image-carrier surface and the developing plate 32 and reach the inner side edges of the support frame 2 due to the surface tension, as already described with respect to FIG. 2, while sweeping the entire area of the image-carrier surface. Thereafter, the liquid is directed downwardly by the inner side edges of the support frame 2 and flows down along the outeredges of' the plate 32 and outer side wall surface of the passage 31. In this way, development of the recording medium 1 can be accomplished without the support frame2 being wet.
  • the size of the developing plate 32 relative to the image-carrier surface should be determined by such factors as the viscosity of the developing solution, wettability of the recording medium and so on.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates still another form of the present invention.
  • a layer of sponge-like material 33 is disposed over the open top of a developing box 34, the layer 33 being dimensioned smaller than the area of the recording medium 1 which is defined by the inner side edges of the support frame 2.
  • a supply pipe 35 is connected to the developing box 34 to supply developing solution 4 thereinto with the aid of a pump or other pressure source (not shown).
  • the developing solution 4 introduced into the box 34 flows upwardly to permeate through the sponge and form a thin layer of liquid over the layer of sponge 33.
  • Such a thin layer of liquid is always defined within a predetermined area, and this in turn means that development is also effected within a predetermined area of the recording medium 1.
  • the present invention has been shown and described with respect to the cases where a photosensitized filmv held by a support frame is developed without the. support frame being moistened by the developing solution, whereas it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the developing device of the present invention can be' highly effectively applicable in cases where only a part of -a sheet-like photosensitized film carrying a number of'latent images thereon is to be developed.
  • the developing device of the present invention utilizes the surface tension, gravity and injection force of the developing solution to thereby form a predetermined pattern of rise or swell of the liquid in opposed relationship with a surface to be developed, whereby development is constrained to take place only within a desired area of that surface. Also, the shape of the rising or swollen liquid is so varied as to eliminate any sharp collision thereof against the surface to be developed, as well as to provide fine mobility of the liquid with respect to that surface, whereby the developing liquid is maintained at a constant toner density which results in a highly excellent image reproducing effect.
  • combination means for supporting said mounted film at a liquid developing station and means for forming and contacting the image-carrier side of said film within said aperture with a layer of electrophotographic liquid developer having a surface configuration prior to contact with said film which is substantially similar to but sufficiently smaller in area than said aperture to allow for spreading of saiddeveloper up to but not beyond the borders of said aperture as a result of the filmwetting characteristics of said developer to thereby develop an area coextensive with said aperture without wetting more of said mount than the inner side edges thereof bordering said aperture.
  • said means for applying developer comprises a flat perforated plate element having a shape and size similar to but slightly smaller than said aperture, means for positioning said plate element parallel to and closely spaced from said film, and means for feeding said developer through said plate element to produce a layer of developer bridging the space between said plate element and said film.
  • said means for applying developer comprises an array of nozzles disposed side-by-side in closely adjacent spaced relationship, said nozzles terminating in a plane parallel to and closely spaced from said film, said array having a shape and size similar to but slightly smaller than said aperture, and means for feeding said developer through said nozzles to produce a layer of developer beyond said nozzles bridging the space between said plane and said film.
  • each of said nozzles terminates in an enlarged passage for reducing the pressure under which said developer is applied to said film.
  • said means for applying developer comprises a container for a quantity of said developer having an open top of a shape and size similar to but slightly smaller than said aperture, means for filling said container to its maximum capacity to form a convex meniscus of said developer, and means for moving said container towards the surface of said film until said convex meniscus of said developer bridges the space between said top of the container and said film.
  • a developing device comprising a flat plate element having a shape and size similar to but slightly smaller than said aperture, means for positioning said plate element parallel to and closely spaced from said film, and means for feeding said developer through said plate element at the center thereof to produce a layer of developer over said plate element bridging the space between said plate element and said film.
  • said means for applying developer comprises a layer of sponge-like material having a shape and size similar to but slightly smaller than said aperture, means for positioning said layer of material parallel to and closely spaced from said film, and means for feeding said developer through said material to produce a layer of developer over the surface of said material bridging the space between said material and said film.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Wet Developing In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Combination Of More Than One Step In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Photographic Processing Devices Using Wet Methods (AREA)
  • Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
US00076729A 1969-10-11 1970-09-30 Electrophotographic developing device using liquid Expired - Lifetime US3727578A (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3802388A (en) * 1973-01-05 1974-04-09 Poma V Photocopy liquid developing apparatus
US4133906A (en) * 1973-01-12 1979-01-09 Coulter Systems Corporation Method of toning an electrophotographic film
US4148274A (en) * 1974-10-15 1979-04-10 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Processing apparatus
US4984004A (en) * 1988-09-28 1991-01-08 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Developing apparatus
US5144474A (en) * 1989-03-29 1992-09-01 Delphi Technology, Inc. Perforated processing apparatus and method

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5267294U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1975-11-13 1977-05-18
JPS54179832U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1978-06-06 1979-12-19
JPS6131167U (ja) * 1984-07-30 1986-02-25 セルフ店研株式会社 商品陳列用ハンガ−
JPS61143463U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1985-02-22 1986-09-04

Citations (12)

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US1928235A (en) * 1930-10-07 1933-09-26 Hughes Ind Co Ltd Apparatus for treating films
US2956494A (en) * 1956-01-13 1960-10-18 Kelvin & Hughes Ltd Application of liquid to surfaces
US3081687A (en) * 1958-05-14 1963-03-19 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Apparatus for rapid development of photographic film
US3181449A (en) * 1961-08-22 1965-05-04 Itek Corp Data processing system
US3284224A (en) * 1963-01-04 1966-11-08 Xerox Corp Controlled xerographic development
US3343956A (en) * 1961-09-29 1967-09-26 Rca Corp Electrostatic printing process wherein development is achieved by sequenctial application of carrier liquid and developer particles
US3345927A (en) * 1964-06-26 1967-10-10 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Apparatus for rapid development of photographic film
US3364833A (en) * 1965-02-03 1968-01-23 Ibm Wash ammonia development device
US3411482A (en) * 1967-01-30 1968-11-19 Varian Associates Electrographic toner development employing a clean-up electrode structure for removing unwanted background
US3435802A (en) * 1965-06-30 1969-04-01 Eastman Kodak Co Electrographic liquid developing apparatus
US3507252A (en) * 1967-05-23 1970-04-21 Rca Corp Combination of a container for a liquid and means for dispensing the liquid
US3557752A (en) * 1968-12-09 1971-01-26 Nils L Hakanson Electrophotographic developing apparatus

Patent Citations (12)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1928235A (en) * 1930-10-07 1933-09-26 Hughes Ind Co Ltd Apparatus for treating films
US2956494A (en) * 1956-01-13 1960-10-18 Kelvin & Hughes Ltd Application of liquid to surfaces
US3081687A (en) * 1958-05-14 1963-03-19 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Apparatus for rapid development of photographic film
US3181449A (en) * 1961-08-22 1965-05-04 Itek Corp Data processing system
US3343956A (en) * 1961-09-29 1967-09-26 Rca Corp Electrostatic printing process wherein development is achieved by sequenctial application of carrier liquid and developer particles
US3284224A (en) * 1963-01-04 1966-11-08 Xerox Corp Controlled xerographic development
US3345927A (en) * 1964-06-26 1967-10-10 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Apparatus for rapid development of photographic film
US3364833A (en) * 1965-02-03 1968-01-23 Ibm Wash ammonia development device
US3435802A (en) * 1965-06-30 1969-04-01 Eastman Kodak Co Electrographic liquid developing apparatus
US3411482A (en) * 1967-01-30 1968-11-19 Varian Associates Electrographic toner development employing a clean-up electrode structure for removing unwanted background
US3507252A (en) * 1967-05-23 1970-04-21 Rca Corp Combination of a container for a liquid and means for dispensing the liquid
US3557752A (en) * 1968-12-09 1971-01-26 Nils L Hakanson Electrophotographic developing apparatus

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Crawford, Developing Electrostatic Charge Patterns, Vol. 8, No. 4, Sept. 65, IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin. *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3802388A (en) * 1973-01-05 1974-04-09 Poma V Photocopy liquid developing apparatus
US4133906A (en) * 1973-01-12 1979-01-09 Coulter Systems Corporation Method of toning an electrophotographic film
US4148274A (en) * 1974-10-15 1979-04-10 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Processing apparatus
US4984004A (en) * 1988-09-28 1991-01-08 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Developing apparatus
US5144474A (en) * 1989-03-29 1992-09-01 Delphi Technology, Inc. Perforated processing apparatus and method

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Publication number Publication date
DE2050053B2 (de) 1976-10-21
JPS4933791B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-09-10
DE2050053A1 (de) 1971-04-22

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