US3727060A - Package for the storage and transportation of radioactive substances containing both neutron and gamma radiation absorbing material - Google Patents

Package for the storage and transportation of radioactive substances containing both neutron and gamma radiation absorbing material Download PDF

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Publication number
US3727060A
US3727060A US00063529A US3727060DA US3727060A US 3727060 A US3727060 A US 3727060A US 00063529 A US00063529 A US 00063529A US 3727060D A US3727060D A US 3727060DA US 3727060 A US3727060 A US 3727060A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
package
package according
layer
elements
heat
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00063529A
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English (en)
Inventor
P Blum
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TRANSNUCLEAIRE SOC TRANSPORTS
TRANSNUCLEAIRE SOC TRANSPORTS IND NUCLEAIRE FR
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TRANSNUCLEAIRE SOC TRANSPORTS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR6927937A external-priority patent/FR2055982A5/fr
Priority claimed from FR7001265A external-priority patent/FR2085189A1/fr
Priority claimed from FR7016914A external-priority patent/FR2088028A1/fr
Application filed by TRANSNUCLEAIRE SOC TRANSPORTS filed Critical TRANSNUCLEAIRE SOC TRANSPORTS
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3727060A publication Critical patent/US3727060A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L3/00—Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets
    • F16L3/08—Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets substantially surrounding the pipe, cable or protective tubing
    • F16L3/12—Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets substantially surrounding the pipe, cable or protective tubing comprising a member substantially surrounding the pipe, cable or protective tubing
    • F16L3/13—Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets substantially surrounding the pipe, cable or protective tubing comprising a member substantially surrounding the pipe, cable or protective tubing and engaging it by snap action
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F5/00—Transportable or portable shielded containers
    • G21F5/06—Details of, or accessories to, the containers
    • G21F5/10—Heat-removal systems, e.g. using circulating fluid or cooling fins

Definitions

  • the package has a composite wall comprising from mside to outside, a inner shell surrounding the useful
  • Foreign Application Priority Data cavity a layer of dense material for protection against Aug. 13, 1969 France ..6927937 gal-mm radlanfms and i (.mter Shell A of neutron-absorbing material 18 arranged against the Jan. 14, 1970 France ..700l265 14 other surface of the outer shell, heat conducting ele- May 8,1970 France ..70l69 ments, such as fins or pins being fixed against the outer shell and projecting at the surface of the layer.
  • US. Cl. .250/108 1R, 250/108 WS [51] lint. Cl ..G21f 1/02, G2lf 5/00 13 Claims, 11 Drawing Figures PATENTH] APR] 01975 SHEET 1 BF 6 PATENTEDAPR 1 mm 3.727. 060
  • the invention relates to a package for the transportation and storage of radioactive materials of the type which includes a composite wall comprising an inner shell, a layer or core of dense material such as lead and an outer shell, the inner and outer shells being generally constructed of steel.
  • the package according to the invention is characterised by the fact that it comprises a layer of neutron absorbent material in which are buried, at least partially, heat conducting elements.
  • FIG. 1 shows in sectional perspective, a portion of one embodiment of the package according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of a portion of the outer surface of the embodiment of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-section of a second embodiment of a package according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show in perspective two variations of the above-mentioned first embodiment
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 show on a larger'scale two embodiments of a portion of the package according to FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 8 shows in cross-section a variation of the embodiment of FIG. 3
  • FIG. 9 is a view in elevation with partial section of the embodiment of FIG. 3; and lastly FIGS. 10 and 11 show, in axial section, two other em-- bodiments of the package according to the invention.
  • a package for radioactive materials and of which the wall comprises, from the cavity towards the outside, an inner shell 1, a layer 2 of dense material such as lead for the protection against the gamma radiations and an outer shell 3, the shells I and 3 being generally constructed of steel comprises a layer 4 of a neutraon abosrbing material in which are buried at least partially conducting elements.
  • the layer 4 is arranged against the outer surface of the shell 3 and the heat conducting elements, of the type of fins or pins, are fixed against the outer surface of the shell 3.
  • the heat conducting elements are obtained from metallic blades 6, fixed by welding at one of their edges on the shell e parallel to the axis of the package, that is to say along a generator X X
  • the blades 6 include on their free edge a succession of fins 7 folded back through one of their sides to a blade support and having undergone, close to this side, a twisting such that their flat portions are situated in successive planes substantially parallel between themselves and perpendicular to the axis of the package, that is to say to X X
  • the said blades are then welded on the package.
  • each of the teeth undergo successively a twisting of around an axis perpendicular to the axis of the package to arrange that each of the said teeth has a flat portion substantially parallel to the flatportions of the neighbouring teeth and perpendicular to the axis of the package, thus forming the fins 7.
  • the blades 6 on the package At the time of welding the blades 6 on the package, it is arranged for the incisions borne by a 'given blade not to be placed facing the incisions of the neighbouring baldes.
  • constituent metal of the blades 6 it is selected advantageously in the group comprising steel, copper, aluminium and alloys based on these metals.
  • the fins which have just been described combine the efficiency of known fins in the form of a crown surrounding the package and the facility of positioning of the fins also known constituted by single baldes, welded on the shell 3 parallel to the axis X Y, and whose efficiency of cooling leaves something to be desired.
  • the layer 4 is arranged inside the shell 3 and the heat conducting elements, of which at least one end is free, are buried in the said layer 4.
  • the heat conducting elements metallic as in the preceding embodiment (certain at least being preferably of steel and serving then as centering elements) have a section especially in a U" or in the I," said elements which have been denoted by 8, being arranged so that the horizontal bar of the U or the vertical limb of the I are oriented radially.
  • the elements 8 can also be arranged in the form of a T or of an L, the vertical limb of the T or of the L being then fixed on the layer 2, the horzontal bar, parallel to the outer shell 3, thus increasing the heat exchange of the surface.
  • the reverse atrangement is possible.
  • the neutron absorbing material is a material rich in hydrogen and, possibly, in boron.
  • colemanite E ZCaO, H O
  • pandermite 6 B 0 5 CaO, 6H O
  • boric acid H hd 3 B0
  • frits of boron glass it is possible to use boron concretes, mixtures of plaster, polythene and boric acid, wood advantageously injected of boric acid or agglomerates of wood with or without boron.
  • the material 4 comprises, as in the case of the embodiment of FIG. 8, a binding which is designated by 10 and in which are buried, on one hand, the cooling elements 8 and, on the other hand, particles 11 of a material rich in atoms of hydrogen, as well as, if necessary, atoms of boron.
  • the constituent material of the plates 9 and/or particles 11 can be polyethylene or a wood based agglomerate composition.
  • the binder is constituted by plaster or resins of the epoxy or polyester type.
  • the package according to the invention comprises, as seen in FIG. 3 and FIG. 8, a plurality of cavities C each bounded by an inner shell 1 advantageously constructed of stainless steel, these cavities being distributed around the axis of the package designated by XY, and spaces comprised between the various inner shells 1 being at least partially filled by a metal lighter than lead and denoted by 12.
  • the metal 12 which is constituted advantageously by aluminium, cast iron or steel, forms elements which are buried in the midst of the constituent material of the layer 2, as seen in FIG. 3.
  • the outer contour of the layer 2 being capable of taking various shapes, for example as seen in FIG. 8, there can be conferred on the layer of material 4 a varying thickness in order that the outer shell can be of simple shape, for example that of a cylinder of revolution.
  • recourse is had, as visible in FIG. 8, to elements 8 of variable sizes.
  • the thickness of the layer of material 4 varies in the direction of the axis of the package.
  • FIG. 9 represents a view in elevation of a package according to the invention including a tear away which shows the inside of the package.
  • the thickness of the layer of material 4 which is least at mid-height of the package and greatest at the ends of the latter, varies in discontinuous manner whilst matching the outer contour of the layer 2.
  • elements 8 of variable dimensions to correspond to the variable thicknesses of the layer of material 4 along the axis XY of the package.
  • the advantage of having varying thickness in the direction of the axis of the package resides in the fact that it enagles a gain in weight.
  • the layer of lead can be of less thickness, the thickness of the layer situtated between the lead and the outer shell being all the greater. Now, the density of this layer is distinctly less than that of lead.
  • the package according to the invention compriseson the one hand a layer of material 4 arranged gainst the outer surface of the shell 3 and combined with conducting elements 14a of the pin type, fixed on the shell 3 and projecting at the surface of the layer 4 and, on the other hand, a layer 15 of type of mortar or cement with a hydraulic binder base, arranged between the shell 3 and the layer of dense material 2.
  • a meter cube of mortar can be constituted as follows:
  • composition for the layer of material 4 there is used as granulate, materials with a high content of hydrogen and/or boron, of the type of those indicated above, and minerals such as colemanite (35 0 ZCaO, 5H O), pandermite (68 0 SCaO, 9H O), or again boric acid (H B0).
  • the zone l5a includes advantageously insulating fillers such as expanded clay, globular alumina, vermiculite, perlite and expanded slag, which enagels it to play the role of a damper in the case of violent shock or dropping of the package.
  • advantageously insulating fillers such as expanded clay, globular alumina, vermiculite, perlite and expanded slag, which enagels it to play the role of a damper in the case of violent shock or dropping of the package.
  • the zones 15a, 15b and are obtained, in practice, by casting successively and in suitable order the corresponding constituent materials between the layer 2 and the outer shell 3.
  • the thickness of the layer of material 4 can reach 20 cm or more.
  • the thermal conductivity of this layer being relatively little raised as a result of the presence of neutron absorbing fillers, the dissipation of heat coming from the material contained in the package is ensured by means of elements 14a.
  • a coating of paint 18 covering both the layer 4 and the elements 14a and applied after evaporation of the major part of the free water from the mortar.
  • the package according to the invention comprises, on both sides of the portion including the cooling element, that is to say at its two ends, a continuous rim 19 of which the surface is substantially at the same level as the ends of the said cooling elements.
  • the cooling elements are less exposed to shock and it becomes possible to fix, by simple means such as straps 20, a removable jacket 21, metallic or of synthetic material possibly reinforced, covering portion which includes the cooling elements.
  • This construction enables further reduction, at the time of operations of loading or unloading the package, of the risks of contamination of the portion including the cooling elements.
  • a second flexible pipe 24 connected by a connector 25 to a pipe 26 passing through the continuous upper rim 19 andenabling the pressures to be balanced.
  • the ends of the pipes 22 and 24 remain fixed during handling with respect to the plane of the water and are arranged for example in the manner indicated in FIG. 11.
  • the cavity of the package is provided with a purging pipe 27 which opens at the level of zone 19.
  • said layer of neutron-absorbing material is arranged against the outer surface of the outer shell, said heat-conducting elements being of the type of fins or pins, fixed against said outer shell, and projecting at the surface of said layer.
  • the heatconducting elements are constituted by metallic blades fixed by welding on the outer shell of the package, parallel to the axis of the latter, said blades including on their free edge a succession of teeth folded by their sides at their blade support and having undergone twisting so that their flat portions are situated in successive planes substantially parallel between themselves and perpendicular to the axis of the package.
  • heatconducting elements are metallic and have a section especially in a U or in an I, said elements being arranged so that the horizontal bar of the U or the vertical limb of the 1" are oriented radially.
  • Package according to claim 1 comprising a plurality of said cavities bounded by inner shells and distributed around its axis, the spaces comprised between the various inner shells being at least partially filled by a metallighter than lead.
  • Package according to claim 2 including a layer of material of the type of mortar or cement with a hydraulic binder base arranged between said outer shell and said layer of dense material.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
US00063529A 1969-08-13 1970-08-13 Package for the storage and transportation of radioactive substances containing both neutron and gamma radiation absorbing material Expired - Lifetime US3727060A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR6927937A FR2055982A5 (en) 1969-08-13 1969-08-13 Storage and transport container for a - radioactive materials
FR7001265A FR2085189A1 (en) 1970-01-14 1970-01-14 Storage and transport container for a - radioactive materials
FR7016914A FR2088028A1 (en) 1970-05-08 1970-05-08 Storage and transport container for a - radioactive materials

Publications (1)

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US3727060A true US3727060A (en) 1973-04-10

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US (1) US3727060A (de)
JP (2) JPS5419560B1 (de)
DE (1) DE2040348B2 (de)
SE (1) SE376995B (de)

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3851179A (en) * 1974-02-05 1974-11-26 Atomic Energy Commission Shipping cask neutron and heat shield
US3902548A (en) * 1972-12-28 1975-09-02 Robatel Slpi Containers for the transport of radioactive materials
US3930166A (en) * 1972-11-28 1975-12-30 Robatel Slpi Package for transporting or enclosing radioactive materials
US3982134A (en) * 1974-03-01 1976-09-21 Housholder William R Shipping container for nuclear fuels
US4021676A (en) * 1976-05-07 1977-05-03 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration Waste canister for storage of nuclear wastes
US4232730A (en) * 1977-05-16 1980-11-11 Reese Stanton L Radioactive materials transporting container and vehicles
DE3026248A1 (de) * 1980-07-11 1982-02-18 Transnuklear Gmbh, 6450 Hanau Transport- und/oder lagerbehaelter fuer radioaktive stoffe
US4326130A (en) * 1978-10-17 1982-04-20 Stefan Ahner Shielding container with neutron shielding for the transportation and/or storage of spent fuel elements
US4339411A (en) * 1979-04-14 1982-07-13 Degussa Transnuklear Gmbh Shielding container for the transportation and/or for storage of spent fuel elements
US4388268A (en) * 1979-11-17 1983-06-14 Transnuklear Gmbh Transportation and/or storage containers for radioactive materials
EP0109135A1 (de) * 1982-11-08 1984-05-23 Chichibu Cement Co. Ltd. Behälter mit Dreischicht-Wandstruktur und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
US4521691A (en) * 1979-11-17 1985-06-04 Transnuklear Gmbh Shielding container having neutron shielding for the transportation and/or storage of radioactive material
FR2556877A1 (fr) * 1983-12-19 1985-06-21 Fonderie Alcoa Mg Sa Insert neutrophage pour conteneur destine au transport de barres ou materiaux radioactifs, ainsi que conteneur comportant de tels inserts
US4780269A (en) * 1985-03-12 1988-10-25 Nutech, Inc. Horizontal modular dry irradiated fuel storage system
US20050286674A1 (en) * 2004-06-29 2005-12-29 The Regents Of The University Of California Composite-wall radiation-shielded cask and method of assembly
US20100270001A1 (en) * 2008-08-05 2010-10-28 Parrella Michael J System and method of maximizing grout heat conductibility and increasing caustic resistance
US20110033019A1 (en) * 2008-04-29 2011-02-10 Evan Rosenbaum Single-plate neutron absorbing apparatus and method of manufacturing the same
CN102290109A (zh) * 2010-06-30 2011-12-21 中国核电工程有限公司 用于放射性物质运输容器的多功能散热结构
US20130206361A1 (en) * 2010-06-02 2013-08-15 Tn International Packaging for transport and/or storage of radioactive materials, which include improved means of thermal conduction
US11569001B2 (en) 2008-04-29 2023-01-31 Holtec International Autonomous self-powered system for removing thermal energy from pools of liquid heated by radioactive materials

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL7604220A (nl) * 1976-04-21 1977-10-25 Leer Koninklijke Emballage Houder met uitstroomkanaal en een eenmalige sluiting.
FR2376392A2 (fr) * 1977-01-04 1978-07-28 Lemer & Cie Dispositif de refroidissement pour paroi metallique
DE2748019A1 (de) * 1977-10-26 1979-05-03 British Nuclear Fuels Ltd Transportbehaelter fuer kernbrennstoffe
DE3012256A1 (de) * 1980-03-29 1981-10-15 Transnuklear Gmbh, 6450 Hanau Behaelter zum transport und/oder lagerung radioaktiver stoffe
DE3026249C2 (de) * 1980-07-11 1984-05-30 Transnuklear Gmbh, 6450 Hanau Transport- und/oder Lagerbehälter für radioaktive Stoffe
CH658333A5 (de) * 1981-12-22 1986-10-31 Wiederaufarbeitung Von Kernbre Behaelter fuer die langzeitlagerung von radioaktiven stoffen, insbesondere abgebrannte kernreaktorbrennelemente.
JPH04128409U (ja) * 1991-05-08 1992-11-24 三洋電機株式会社 録音レベル制御装置
US9672948B2 (en) * 2009-04-28 2017-06-06 Holtec International, Inc. Cask apparatus, system and method for transporting and/or storing high level waste

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3005105A (en) * 1958-10-17 1961-10-17 Edlow Lead Company Shipping cask for radioactive materials
US3056028A (en) * 1960-05-03 1962-09-25 James T Mattingly Neutron shielding structure
US3111586A (en) * 1961-08-25 1963-11-19 Baldwin Lima Hamilton Corp Air-cooled shipping container for nuclear fuel elements
US3414727A (en) * 1965-04-26 1968-12-03 Nat Lead Co Shipping container for radioactive material including safety shield means

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2801006A (en) 1954-01-07 1957-07-30 Purolator Products Inc Combination valving arrangement for oil filter systems
US3113215A (en) 1961-02-27 1963-12-03 Stanray Corp Cask construction for radioactive material
GB1145983A (en) 1965-05-07 1969-03-19 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Improvements in or relating to transport containers for radioactive materials

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3005105A (en) * 1958-10-17 1961-10-17 Edlow Lead Company Shipping cask for radioactive materials
US3056028A (en) * 1960-05-03 1962-09-25 James T Mattingly Neutron shielding structure
US3111586A (en) * 1961-08-25 1963-11-19 Baldwin Lima Hamilton Corp Air-cooled shipping container for nuclear fuel elements
US3414727A (en) * 1965-04-26 1968-12-03 Nat Lead Co Shipping container for radioactive material including safety shield means

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3930166A (en) * 1972-11-28 1975-12-30 Robatel Slpi Package for transporting or enclosing radioactive materials
US3902548A (en) * 1972-12-28 1975-09-02 Robatel Slpi Containers for the transport of radioactive materials
US3851179A (en) * 1974-02-05 1974-11-26 Atomic Energy Commission Shipping cask neutron and heat shield
US3982134A (en) * 1974-03-01 1976-09-21 Housholder William R Shipping container for nuclear fuels
US4021676A (en) * 1976-05-07 1977-05-03 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration Waste canister for storage of nuclear wastes
US4232730A (en) * 1977-05-16 1980-11-11 Reese Stanton L Radioactive materials transporting container and vehicles
US4326130A (en) * 1978-10-17 1982-04-20 Stefan Ahner Shielding container with neutron shielding for the transportation and/or storage of spent fuel elements
US4339411A (en) * 1979-04-14 1982-07-13 Degussa Transnuklear Gmbh Shielding container for the transportation and/or for storage of spent fuel elements
US4388268A (en) * 1979-11-17 1983-06-14 Transnuklear Gmbh Transportation and/or storage containers for radioactive materials
US4521691A (en) * 1979-11-17 1985-06-04 Transnuklear Gmbh Shielding container having neutron shielding for the transportation and/or storage of radioactive material
DE3026248A1 (de) * 1980-07-11 1982-02-18 Transnuklear Gmbh, 6450 Hanau Transport- und/oder lagerbehaelter fuer radioaktive stoffe
US4687614A (en) * 1982-11-08 1987-08-18 Chichibu Cement Co., Ltd. Process for producing a high integrity container
EP0109135A1 (de) * 1982-11-08 1984-05-23 Chichibu Cement Co. Ltd. Behälter mit Dreischicht-Wandstruktur und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
FR2556877A1 (fr) * 1983-12-19 1985-06-21 Fonderie Alcoa Mg Sa Insert neutrophage pour conteneur destine au transport de barres ou materiaux radioactifs, ainsi que conteneur comportant de tels inserts
EP0146451A1 (de) * 1983-12-19 1985-06-26 Fonderie Alcoa-Mg S.A. Neutronenabsorbierendes Einsatzstück für einen Transportbehälter für radioaktive Stäbe oder Materialien, sowie derartige Einsatzstücke aufweisender Behälter
US4780269A (en) * 1985-03-12 1988-10-25 Nutech, Inc. Horizontal modular dry irradiated fuel storage system
US20050286674A1 (en) * 2004-06-29 2005-12-29 The Regents Of The University Of California Composite-wall radiation-shielded cask and method of assembly
US20110033019A1 (en) * 2008-04-29 2011-02-10 Evan Rosenbaum Single-plate neutron absorbing apparatus and method of manufacturing the same
US8681924B2 (en) * 2008-04-29 2014-03-25 Holtec International Single-plate neutron absorbing apparatus and method of manufacturing the same
US10991472B2 (en) 2008-04-29 2021-04-27 Holtec International Single-plate neutron absorbing apparatus and method of manufacturing the same
US11569001B2 (en) 2008-04-29 2023-01-31 Holtec International Autonomous self-powered system for removing thermal energy from pools of liquid heated by radioactive materials
US20100270001A1 (en) * 2008-08-05 2010-10-28 Parrella Michael J System and method of maximizing grout heat conductibility and increasing caustic resistance
US20130206361A1 (en) * 2010-06-02 2013-08-15 Tn International Packaging for transport and/or storage of radioactive materials, which include improved means of thermal conduction
CN102290109A (zh) * 2010-06-30 2011-12-21 中国核电工程有限公司 用于放射性物质运输容器的多功能散热结构
CN102290109B (zh) * 2010-06-30 2014-04-23 中国核电工程有限公司 用于放射性物质运输容器的多功能散热结构

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2040348A1 (de) 1971-03-18
JPS5419560B1 (de) 1979-07-16
SE376995B (de) 1975-06-16
DE2040348B2 (de) 1976-10-21
JPS5756038B1 (de) 1982-11-27

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