US3724377A - Shell cartridges - Google Patents

Shell cartridges Download PDF

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Publication number
US3724377A
US3724377A US00033580A US3724377DA US3724377A US 3724377 A US3724377 A US 3724377A US 00033580 A US00033580 A US 00033580A US 3724377D A US3724377D A US 3724377DA US 3724377 A US3724377 A US 3724377A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
propellant charge
shell
cavity
additional
principal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00033580A
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English (en)
Inventor
L Birkigt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Brevets Aero Mecaniques SA
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Brevets Aero Mecaniques SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Brevets Aero Mecaniques SA filed Critical Brevets Aero Mecaniques SA
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Publication of US3724377A publication Critical patent/US3724377A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
    • F42B5/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile
    • F42B5/16—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile characterised by composition or physical dimensions or form of propellant charge, with or without projectile, or powder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
    • F42B5/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile
    • F42B5/10—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile with self-propelled bullet

Definitions

  • a pastille of powder of lower calorific power than the additional propellant charge masks it rearwardly to delay its ignition.
  • the energy from the additional charge is thus applied from the moment when the pressure generated by the main propellant starts to decrease.
  • the performance of the shell is thus improved without generating dangerous excess pressures.
  • the invention relates more particularly to shell cartridges, this expression denoting here, in a general way, any cartridge constituted essentially by, on one hand, a cartridge case containing a propellant charge, and, on the other hand, a shell adapted to the front of the said case, which shell can be of perforating, explosive, incendiary or other character; and it relates more particularly, because it is in this case that its application seems to offer the most advantage, but not exclusively, among these cartridges, to those of small caliber (caliber comprised between 20 and 50 mm, for example) and more particularly again to those with a subcaliber perforating core, such cartridges of small caliber being generally intended to be fired by automatic weapons.v
  • the cartridge according to the invention comprises a cartridge case containing a principal propellant charge and a shell adapted to the front of the said case and it is characterized in that, on the one hand, the base of the said shell has an axial cavity open towards the rear and occupied, at least in part, by a solid additional propellant charge forming a body with the said base and constituted of a powder of calorific power greater than that i of the abovesaid principal propellant charge,
  • delay means so that the firing of this additional propellant charge is produced with a slight delay (of the order of a millisecond or fraction of millisecond) with respect to the firing of the principal propellant charge
  • FIG, 1 shows in elevation with axial half cross-section, one embodiment of a shell cartridge of normal caliber constructed according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram relating to the development of certain pressures in the barrel of the launching weapon as a function of time, this diagram being intended to demonstrate the advantage of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows under the same conditions as in the FIG. 1, a shell cartridge with a sub-caliber perforating core constructed according to the invention.
  • the shell cartridge illustrated in FIG. 1 is a normal caliber shell cartridge, that is to say a cartridge whose projectile (element intended to reach the sighted target) has the caliber of the launching weapon.
  • a shell 3 which can be a perforating, explosive, incendiary, or any other simple or composite type of shell.
  • the curve 1 represents the development of the pressure generated in the barrel of the launching weapon by the combustion of the principal propellant charge 2. It is seen that this pressure is first increases, then passes through a maximum M (at the end of 1.3 ms in the example considered), then decreases until the moment (time 3.1 ms in the example considered) when the shell emerges from the barrel of the weapon.
  • the powder constituting the principal propellant charge 2 is selected so that the maximum M is located below the permissible maximum taking into account the mechanical strength of the barrel of the launching weapon.
  • the maximum can be situated in the region of 3,000 kg/cm2 if the permissible maximum is of the order of 3,800 kg/cm2.
  • the principal feature of the invention has precisely the object of enabling such an improvement to be obtained without running however the risk of dangerous excess pressures in the barrel of the launching weapon.
  • a solid additional propellant charge 4 housed in an axial cavity 5 fashioned in the base of the shell 3 and open towards the rear, this additional propellant charge 4 forming a body with the said base and being constituted by a powder of greater calorific power than that of the principal propellant charge 2,
  • delay means ensuring the firing of the additional propellant charge 4 with a very slight delay (of the order of a millisecond or fraction of the millisecond) with respect to the firing of the principal propellant charge 2.
  • the cavity 5 it can be, either a pre-existing cavity such as is frequently found, for ballistic considerations, in the base of shells, or a cavity especially fashioned to receive the additional propellant charge 4.
  • composition of the said additional propellant charge 4 for which it has been said that it must be of higher calorific power than the principal propellant powder 2, there could be adopted a solid powder having a calorific power of the order of 900 cal/g or even higher.
  • a calorific power for example tetryl (2, 4, 6-trinitrophenylnitramine).
  • the delay means which have to ensure a deferred firing (initial point A of the curve P of the additional propellant charge 4, they can advantageously be constituted by a retarding relay 6 constructed in the form of a pastille of a powder of lower calorific power than the constituent powder of the abovesaid additional propellant charge 4, this pastille masking rearwardly the additional propellant charge concerned.
  • the shell 3 is a conventional shell, that is to say a shell of which the whole of the elements participate in the flight towards the objective.
  • FIG. 3 the application of the invention to a sub-caliber core shell, the said shell comprising essentially a sub-caliber core 7, a base 3a situated behind this core and adapted to accompany the said core at the beginning of the trajectory of the latter and then to separate therefrom, and an envelope 8 externally surrounding the sub-caliber core 7, the abovesaid envelope being arranged so as to be eliminated on firing, a very short distance from the launching weapon, thus liberating the sub-caliber core 7 which pursues alone its flight in the direction of the sighted target.
  • the base 3a As light as possible and it is hence advantageous to fashion, at the rear of the said base, the housing 5 intended to receive the additional propellant charge 4 as well as, if necessary, the pastille 6 playing the role of retarding relay for the firing of the abovesaid additional propellant charge 4.
  • Shell cartridge comprising a cartridge case containing a principal propellant charge; a shell arranged at the front of said case, the base of said shell defining an axial cavity rearwardly open and occupied, at least in part, by a solid additional propellant charge forming a body with said base and constituted by a powder which body is of substantially smaller volume and of greater calorific power than that of said principal propellant charge, the said rearward opening of said cavity being at least as large in cross-section as the maximum cross-section of the said cavity and delay means for delaying the firing of said additional propellant charge of the order of around a millsecond to a fraction of a millisecond with respect to the firing of the principal propellant charge such that the major portion at least of the useful additional energy due to the combustion of the said additional propellant charge takes effect in the barrel of the launching weapon from a moment when the pressure generated by the principal propellant charge starts to decrease, so enabling benefit to be derived from said application of energy and from the improvement which thereby results in the performance of the shell, without reaching in the
  • Cartridge according to claim 1 wherein the cavity is a pre-existing cavity fashioned for ballistic considerations.
  • Cartridge according to claim 1 wherein the cavity is especially formed to receive the additional propellant charge.
  • Cartridge according to claim 1 wherein the additional propellant charge is constituted by a solid powder having a calorific power of at least 900 cal/g.
  • Cartridge according to claim 4 wherein the said solid powder is tetryl (2, 4, 6-trinitrophenylnitramine).
  • Cartridge according to claim 1 wherein said delay means are constituted by a delay-relay constructed in the form of a pastille of a powder of lower calorific power then the constituent powder of the abovesaid additional propellant charge, said pastille rearwardly masking said additional propellant charge.
  • Cartridge according to claim 1 wherein said shell is a conventional shell, in which all of the elements participate in the flight towards the target, the cavity being formed at the rear of said shell.
  • Shell cartridge comprising a cartridge case containing a principal propellant charge, a shell arranged at the front of said case, the base of said shell defining an axial cavity rearwardly open and occupied, at least in part, by a solid additional propellant charge forming a body with said base and constituted by a powder which body .is of substantially smaller volume and of greater calorific, power than that of said principal propellant charge, the said rearward opening of said cavity being at' least as large in cross-section as the maximum cross-section of the said cavity and delay means for delaying the firing of said additional propellant charge of the order of around a millsecond to a fraction of a millisecond with respect to the firing of the principal propellant charge such that the major portion at least of the useful energy due to the combustion of the said additional propellant charge takeseffect in the barrel of the launching weapon from a moment when the pressure generated by the principal propellant charge starts to decrease, so enabling benefit to be derived from said application of energy and from the improvement which thereby results in the performance of the.
  • said shell is a sub-caliber core shell, comprising essentially a subcaliber 'core, a base situated behind said core and adapted to accompany said shell at the beginning of the trajectory of the latter and to then separate therefrom, and an envelope externally surrounding the sub-caliber core, said envelope being arranged so as to be eliminated on firing, a very short distance from the launching weapon, thus liberating the sub-caliber core which pursues its flight alone in the direction of the sighted target, the cavity intended to receive the additional propellant charge being formed in the above said base.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
US00033580A 1969-05-07 1970-05-01 Shell cartridges Expired - Lifetime US3724377A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
LU58593 1969-05-07

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3724377A true US3724377A (en) 1973-04-03

Family

ID=19726026

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00033580A Expired - Lifetime US3724377A (en) 1969-05-07 1970-05-01 Shell cartridges

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US3724377A (xx)
BE (1) BE749550A (xx)
CA (1) CA939968A (xx)
CH (1) CH521564A (xx)
DE (1) DE2020324A1 (xx)
FR (1) FR2046375A5 (xx)
GB (1) GB1286723A (xx)
IL (1) IL34401A0 (xx)
LU (1) LU58593A1 (xx)
SE (1) SE352726B (xx)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3862599A (en) * 1972-10-19 1975-01-28 Colt Ind Operating Corp Cased cartridge
JPS5139900A (en) * 1974-10-01 1976-04-03 Masaaki Kusano Hojosuishinsochi
US3948184A (en) * 1972-10-10 1976-04-06 Etat Francais Sub-calibre projectile shells
US3951071A (en) * 1973-07-20 1976-04-20 Rheinmetall G.M.B.H. Drive cage sub-caliber projectile
US3988990A (en) * 1975-09-03 1976-11-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Projectile
JPS5241200U (xx) * 1975-09-17 1977-03-24
US4142467A (en) * 1976-07-09 1979-03-06 Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft Projectile with sabot
US4318344A (en) * 1979-12-03 1982-03-09 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Spinning tubular projectile combustible sabot
US4470604A (en) * 1977-12-12 1984-09-11 Hoffmann Anton R Target practice system
WO2000049362A1 (en) * 1999-02-19 2000-08-24 Ivo Exel A subcalibre ammunition
US6352030B1 (en) 1998-11-12 2002-03-05 Cordant Technologies Inc. Gas generating eject motor
US20190120601A1 (en) * 2014-08-22 2019-04-25 Meals, Llc Firearm Ammunition With Projectile Housing Propellant
US20190310057A1 (en) * 2018-04-10 2019-10-10 Knoah Miani Rocket propelled bullet assembly

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3151525C1 (de) * 1981-12-24 1991-10-10 Rheinmetall Gmbh Munitionseinheit
GB9508251D0 (en) * 1995-04-24 1998-09-16 Secr Defence Rocket motor

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2407264A (en) * 1942-10-20 1946-09-10 Ferrel Ind Inc Projectile
US2426239A (en) * 1942-12-28 1947-08-26 Henry M Renner Rocket shell
US2613604A (en) * 1950-06-02 1952-10-14 Robert A Pyle Projectile booster
BE546309A (xx) * 1959-01-29 1959-10-23
US3435768A (en) * 1967-07-24 1969-04-01 Oerlikon Buehrle Holding Ag Sabot projectile
US3496869A (en) * 1967-07-28 1970-02-24 Oerlikon Buehrle Holding Ag Sabot projectile

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2407264A (en) * 1942-10-20 1946-09-10 Ferrel Ind Inc Projectile
US2426239A (en) * 1942-12-28 1947-08-26 Henry M Renner Rocket shell
US2613604A (en) * 1950-06-02 1952-10-14 Robert A Pyle Projectile booster
BE546309A (xx) * 1959-01-29 1959-10-23
US3435768A (en) * 1967-07-24 1969-04-01 Oerlikon Buehrle Holding Ag Sabot projectile
US3496869A (en) * 1967-07-28 1970-02-24 Oerlikon Buehrle Holding Ag Sabot projectile

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Military Explosives; TM 9 1910; Dept. of Army & Air Force; Apr. 1955; pp. 154 158 *

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3948184A (en) * 1972-10-10 1976-04-06 Etat Francais Sub-calibre projectile shells
US3862599A (en) * 1972-10-19 1975-01-28 Colt Ind Operating Corp Cased cartridge
US3951071A (en) * 1973-07-20 1976-04-20 Rheinmetall G.M.B.H. Drive cage sub-caliber projectile
JPS5139900A (en) * 1974-10-01 1976-04-03 Masaaki Kusano Hojosuishinsochi
US3988990A (en) * 1975-09-03 1976-11-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Projectile
JPS5241200U (xx) * 1975-09-17 1977-03-24
US4142467A (en) * 1976-07-09 1979-03-06 Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft Projectile with sabot
US4470604A (en) * 1977-12-12 1984-09-11 Hoffmann Anton R Target practice system
US4318344A (en) * 1979-12-03 1982-03-09 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Spinning tubular projectile combustible sabot
US6352030B1 (en) 1998-11-12 2002-03-05 Cordant Technologies Inc. Gas generating eject motor
WO2000049362A1 (en) * 1999-02-19 2000-08-24 Ivo Exel A subcalibre ammunition
US20190120601A1 (en) * 2014-08-22 2019-04-25 Meals, Llc Firearm Ammunition With Projectile Housing Propellant
US10852106B2 (en) * 2014-08-22 2020-12-01 Meals, Llc Firearm ammunition with projectile housing propellant
US20190310057A1 (en) * 2018-04-10 2019-10-10 Knoah Miani Rocket propelled bullet assembly
US10712134B2 (en) * 2018-04-10 2020-07-14 Knoah Miani Rocket propelled bullet assembly

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IL34401A0 (en) 1970-08-19
FR2046375A5 (xx) 1971-03-05
LU58593A1 (xx) 1971-06-25
BE749550A (xx) 1970-10-01
DE2020324A1 (de) 1970-11-19
CH521564A (fr) 1972-04-15
SE352726B (xx) 1973-01-08
CA939968A (en) 1974-01-15
GB1286723A (en) 1972-08-23

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