US3723069A - Pulse column with piston drive and resilient gas cushion - Google Patents

Pulse column with piston drive and resilient gas cushion Download PDF

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Publication number
US3723069A
US3723069A US00118344A US3723069DA US3723069A US 3723069 A US3723069 A US 3723069A US 00118344 A US00118344 A US 00118344A US 3723069D A US3723069D A US 3723069DA US 3723069 A US3723069 A US 3723069A
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United States
Prior art keywords
gas cushion
piston
chamber
gas
column
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00118344A
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English (en)
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Koppen C Van
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Stamicarbon BV
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Stamicarbon BV
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/20—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of a vibrating fluid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
    • B01D11/04—Solvent extraction of solutions which are liquid
    • B01D11/0426—Counter-current multistage extraction towers in a vertical or sloping position
    • B01D11/0438—Counter-current multistage extraction towers in a vertical or sloping position comprising vibrating mechanisms, electromagnetic radiations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
    • B01D11/04—Solvent extraction of solutions which are liquid
    • B01D11/0488—Flow sheets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B21/00—Common features of fluid actuator systems; Fluid-pressure actuator systems or details thereof, not covered by any other group of this subclass
    • F15B21/12—Fluid oscillators or pulse generators

Definitions

  • Netherlands l9 pulsing chamber communicates a gas I cushion alternately compressed and expanded at a U-S- C, constant amplitude and frequency comprising; in. s creasing and decreasing the amount of gas in the gas Fleld of Search -23/267 310, 309 cushion.
  • the space behind the piston in the cylinder is con- References cued nected with a buffer space, the volume of which is at least as large as that of the gas cushion, while the UNxTED STATES PATENTS spaces in front of and behind the piston in the cylinder 2,818,324 12/1957 Thornton ..23/267 C are connected by means providing a restricted com- 2,8ll,423 10/1957 Bradley ..23/267 C munication, 2,629,654 2/1953 Olney piping ....23/267 C 2,090,496 8/1937 Wynn ..23/267 C 9 Claims, 2 Drawing Figures PULSE COLUMN WITH PISTON DRIVE AND RESILIEN'I GAS CUSHION 7 BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION of the column and devices have been installed to utilize lo a pulsed pneumatic pressure at a gas cushion over the liquid surface in the tube, consisting of a cylinder and a motor-driven piston.
  • the invention aims at meeting this drawback and providing a pulse installation with piston drive and resilient gas cushion, such as is disclosed in the aforementioned United States patent, but in which the required amount of power is reduced.
  • the space behind the piston in the cylinder is connected with a buffer space, the volume of which is at least as large as that of the gas cushion, while the spaces in front of and behind the piston in the cylinder are connected by means of a narrow connecting line.
  • the size of the piston can be selected to be undersize, relative to the size of the cylinder so that the air crevice between the piston rings and the cylinder wall can serve as the connecting line mentioned.
  • Another purpose of the invention is to provide a pulse installation of the type in question, in which control of the pulsing amplitude is effected in a simple manner.
  • the displacement and frequency can be made independent by constructing a pulse installation so large that the desired amplitude occurs at the highest operating frequency desired and by controlling the amplitude at lowerfrequencies by reducing the stroke of the piston.
  • the motor is constructed as lineair air-motor, while both the speed and the stroke of this motor are adjustable.
  • control of the desired pulsing amplitude is obtained by varying the quantity of gas in the gas cushion, while keeping the frequency as well as the stroke of the piston constant.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagra'mmatical, vertical cross-section of a pulse column provided with an installation according to theinvention.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph of the relation between the pulsing amplitude (a) and the average volume (V,) of the gas cushion.
  • 1 represents a pulse column, which, over part of its length, is provided with a filling 2. Above and below -the-part containing the filling there are the collecting spaces 3 and 4, which are equipped with liquidconnections 5 and 6, and 7 and 8, respectively. Near the bottom end of the column there is a connection 9 connecting the pulse column 1 with a pulsing chamber 10.
  • the chamber 10 is only partially filled with liquid and above the liquid surface there is a gas cushion 12.
  • a tube 13 connects the gas cushion with a cylinder 14.
  • a piston 15 can be moved upwards and downwards with the aid of a crank-connecting rod mechanism 16, or a similar mechanism, and a motor 17. Therefore, the sum of the volumes of I2, 13 and cylinder 14 above the piston 15, with the piston 15 in mid-position, is to be considered as the average volume (V,,) of the gas cushion.
  • the space B behind the piston 15 in the cylinder 14 is connected with a'buffer space 18 which has a volume which is at least as large as that of the gas cushion 12.
  • This buffer space 18 may, if necessary, form a whole with, or be an extension of, said space B in cylinder 14.
  • the space A in front of the piston 15 in the cylinder 14 is connected with the space B behind the piston via a narrow connecting line 19. In many cases the air crevice between the piston and the cylinder wall can serve as connecting line.
  • a supply line 22 for gas emanating from a source not indicated in detail is preferably connected to the buffer space 18, which line can be closed by means of a valve 20.
  • a discharge line 23 is installed at the top of the chamber 10.
  • valve 21 which can be closed by means of a valve 21.
  • FIG. 2 is agraph which at a certain frictional resistance coefficient (i 15) of the column filling, renders the stroke (a) of the liquid motion in the column as a function of the average volume (V,,) of the gas cushion, the stroke volume and the number of strokes per time unit of the piston 15 being considered constant.
  • the graph is for a pulsed packed column having a height of about 8 meters and an inner diameter of about 0.75 meters.
  • the column filling was about 6 meters high, and consisted of ceramic Raschig rings of 25 mm outer diameter.
  • the column liquors were various liquids, having a specific weight not very different from I, and a dynamic viscosity below 5 cP (centipoises).
  • the particular gas used in the gas cushion was nitrogen (N,). displacement of the piston was about 3 liters.
  • the volume of the gas cushion (including the space A) could be varied from 13 to 40 liters and the stroke (a) varied then between 1,5 and 0,4 centimeters.
  • the extraction efficiency of the system may, in the case of a chosen stroke frequency, depend on the stroke (a) of the liquid pulsations.
  • the stroke (a) depends on the gas volume V in the manner indicated in FIG. 2.
  • processing will take place in the descending part of the curve. This will not only yield a larger range of control, but also be simpler from a construction point of view because of the pertaining, larger gas volume.
  • the gas volume V will be reduced or enlarged with the aid of the two valves 20 and 21.
  • the pressure amplitude in chamber has shown to be substantially proportional to the pulsing amplitude a; these pressure fluctuations, therefore, can serve as a measure of the pulsing am plitude a.
  • the pressure variations behind the piston are kept smaller than, for instance, 0.1 atm, while the piston is relieved in its upward and downward motion, which is not only favorable in relation to energy, but also reduces the frictional losses in the driving mechanism 16. Starting up is easier, too, and further, the stresses occurring in the driving mechanism 16 are smaller.
  • the quantity of'gas present in the gas cushion 12 can be kept constant via the supply line 22 with the aid of automatically operating devices known by themselves, which are not shown in the figures, for an unintentional gas loss would cause the amplitude of the pulsations in the column to become greater.
  • the only point where loss of gas will inevitably occur is from the stuffing box 24 where the piston rod is passed through the cylinder cover.
  • this stuffing box should be of good quality.
  • the diameter of the pulsing chamber 10 is so wide that during the pulsations, the accelerations occurring always remain smaller than the acceleration of the gravity g.
  • the advantage of this is that drop formation at the liquid surface does not occur. (As in the case of Thornton, formation of vapor bubbles in the column liquid, the so-called cavitation, cannot occur either.)
  • a vertically arranged wave damper 11 consisting of a perforated plate or something similar can be provided both to avoid excessive wave motions and to prevent the liquid from being flung up at the liquid surface.
  • a float valve (not shown) can be installed (in a manner as is known, for instance, from FIG. 4 of the British Pat. Specification No. 780,406) to avoid the influx of column liquid into the line 13.
  • an extraction column partly filled with liquid to be pulsed and with filling means for enhancing extraction
  • a U-shaped pulsing chamber external of the column having a connection with the lower end of the column with means defining a gas cushion above the liquid surface in the chamber
  • means for oscillating the piston in the cylinder to increase and decrease the forcewith which the gas cushion acts upon the liquid surface in the chamber in order to cause the liquid in the column and the chamber to pulsate
  • the apparatus of claim 2 further including perforated plate means within the pulsing chamber for retarding wave motion at the liquid surface.
  • the apparatus of claim 1 further including means for continuously admitting gas to said buffer chamber and means for continuously discharging gas from the gas cushion for purging the gas cushion of liquid.
  • the apparatus of claim 1 further including means for increasing and decreasing the amount of gas within the system comprising the gas cushion, the buffer chamber and the restricted communication for varying the amplitude of pulsations in the column.
  • an extraction column partly filled with liquid to be pulsed and with filling means for enhancing extraction; a U-shaped chamber external of the column having a connection with the lower end of the column with means defining a gas cushion above the liquid surface in the chamber; a piston slidably received in a sealed 'cylinder external of said 6 pulsing chamber and communicating with the gas pulsing chamber having a volume at least as large cushion; and means for oscillating the piston in the as the average volume f the gas Cushion Said cylinder to increase and decrease the force with buffer chamber being communicated to said which the gas cushion acts upon the liquid surface in the chamber in order to cause the liquid in the 5 column and the chamber to pulsate; means defining a sealed buffer chamber external of said cylinder on the opposite side of said piston from said gas cushion.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
  • Percussion Or Vibration Massage (AREA)
  • Pipe Accessories (AREA)
  • Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
US00118344A 1970-03-05 1971-02-24 Pulse column with piston drive and resilient gas cushion Expired - Lifetime US3723069A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL7003119A NL7003119A (enExample) 1970-03-05 1970-03-05

Publications (1)

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US3723069A true US3723069A (en) 1973-03-27

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Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3723069A (enExample)
JP (1) JPS5146749B1 (enExample)
BE (1) BE763783A (enExample)
DE (1) DE2110454C3 (enExample)
FR (1) FR2081732B1 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1321942A (enExample)
NL (1) NL7003119A (enExample)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2270053C2 (ru) * 2003-11-11 2006-02-20 Институт теплофизики им. С.С. Кутателадзе Сибирского отделения Российской Академии наук Способ получения газовых гидратов
RU2271858C2 (ru) * 2004-06-15 2006-03-20 Орловский государственный технический университет (ОрелГТУ) Устройство для ультрагомогенизации эмульсии
DE102009014668A1 (de) 2008-03-28 2009-10-15 N. V. Desmet Ballestra Engineering S. A. Kristallisationsvorrichtung und Verfahren für geschmolzene Fette
RU2568731C1 (ru) * 2014-06-17 2015-11-20 Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт теплофизики УрО РАН Конденсационный способ получения газовых гидратов

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4139363C2 (de) * 1990-12-08 1996-07-04 Basf Ag Pulsationseinrichtung zur Schwingungserregung von Flüssigkeiten in Behältern
CN102678689B (zh) * 2012-05-11 2015-03-11 武汉工程大学 可调节柱塞式脉动流发生器

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1509686A (en) * 1923-12-06 1924-09-23 Morterud Einar Method for the lixiviation of materials
US2090496A (en) * 1934-08-17 1937-08-17 Colloid Corp Apparatus for producing suspensions
US2629654A (en) * 1946-11-09 1953-02-24 Shell Dev Method and apparatus for contacting fluids
US2767068A (en) * 1954-03-03 1956-10-16 Shell Dev Method and apparatus for contacting liquids by reciprocal dispersion
US2811423A (en) * 1955-06-22 1957-10-29 John G Bradley Redistributor for liquid-liquid extraction columns
US2818324A (en) * 1954-06-25 1957-12-31 Thornton John Desmond Liquid-liquid extraction columns
US2852349A (en) * 1954-07-08 1958-09-16 Thomas E Hicks Apparatus for liquid phase extraction
US3092515A (en) * 1959-09-14 1963-06-04 Research Corp Moving-bed liquid-solid contactor and operation thereof
US3298791A (en) * 1963-07-22 1967-01-17 Research Corp Ion-exchange resin counter-current extraction apparatus

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1509686A (en) * 1923-12-06 1924-09-23 Morterud Einar Method for the lixiviation of materials
US2090496A (en) * 1934-08-17 1937-08-17 Colloid Corp Apparatus for producing suspensions
US2629654A (en) * 1946-11-09 1953-02-24 Shell Dev Method and apparatus for contacting fluids
US2767068A (en) * 1954-03-03 1956-10-16 Shell Dev Method and apparatus for contacting liquids by reciprocal dispersion
US2818324A (en) * 1954-06-25 1957-12-31 Thornton John Desmond Liquid-liquid extraction columns
US2852349A (en) * 1954-07-08 1958-09-16 Thomas E Hicks Apparatus for liquid phase extraction
US2811423A (en) * 1955-06-22 1957-10-29 John G Bradley Redistributor for liquid-liquid extraction columns
US3092515A (en) * 1959-09-14 1963-06-04 Research Corp Moving-bed liquid-solid contactor and operation thereof
US3298791A (en) * 1963-07-22 1967-01-17 Research Corp Ion-exchange resin counter-current extraction apparatus

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2270053C2 (ru) * 2003-11-11 2006-02-20 Институт теплофизики им. С.С. Кутателадзе Сибирского отделения Российской Академии наук Способ получения газовых гидратов
RU2271858C2 (ru) * 2004-06-15 2006-03-20 Орловский государственный технический университет (ОрелГТУ) Устройство для ультрагомогенизации эмульсии
DE102009014668A1 (de) 2008-03-28 2009-10-15 N. V. Desmet Ballestra Engineering S. A. Kristallisationsvorrichtung und Verfahren für geschmolzene Fette
RU2568731C1 (ru) * 2014-06-17 2015-11-20 Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт теплофизики УрО РАН Конденсационный способ получения газовых гидратов

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2110454A1 (de) 1971-09-16
BE763783A (fr) 1971-09-06
DE2110454B2 (de) 1980-03-20
FR2081732A1 (enExample) 1971-12-10
JPS5146749B1 (enExample) 1976-12-10
FR2081732B1 (enExample) 1974-02-15
GB1321942A (en) 1973-07-04
DE2110454C3 (de) 1980-11-13
NL7003119A (enExample) 1971-09-07

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